動詞的ing或ed形式做定語講解與練習-總結

用作定語時，動詞的-ing形式既包括動名詞又包括現在分詞，動詞的-ed形式僅是動詞過去分詞。動詞的-ing形式做定語在句中通常有兩個位置，如果是單個的動詞的-ing形式做定語，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語;如果是動詞的-ing形式的短語做定語，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如：.Heisanattackingplayer.他是一■個攻擊型的運動員。（表示運動員的特征）.Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一■個令人難堪的問題。（表示"令人…."）.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.學走路的小孩常常跌跤。（表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞短語后置）.Doyouknowthenumberofpeopleingtotheparty?你知道來參加晚會的人數嗎？（表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞短語后置）注意：當-ing形式做后置定語時，可以相當于相應的定語從句。如：.Ayoungmanwritingnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.TAyoungmanwhowritesnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.一位寫小說的青年昨天來向我們作報告。.Thegirlsittingnexttomewasmycousin.TThegirlwhowassittingnexttomewasmycousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。另外需要注意的是上面做定語的動詞-ing形式表示的動作是正在進行的工作或習慣性的動作，如果和主句謂語的動作不能同時發(fā)生時，則不能用-ing形式做定語而必須用定語從句形式。如：昨天來我們學校的那位教授在明天給我們做報告。.Theprofessorwhocametoourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecturetomorrow.不正確的表述：Theprofessoringtoourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecturetomorrow.總結：-ing形式做定語通常從以下三方面考查，即：1）說明被修飾詞的性質，特征或用途。如：.Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他們將手術臺架設在一■座小廟里。.Hemaybeinthereadingroom,forallIknow.他說不定在閱覽室里。.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.女士們先生們，請去會議室等待。2）與被修飾詞為主動關系且表示正在進行的動作或習慣性的動作。如：.Therewereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.有大約二百個孩子在這所藝術學校學習。.WhoisthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher?正在和我們英語老師談話的那位婦女是誰？3）有些-ing形式已經轉化成形容詞，常做定語用來修飾物，表示“令人 ”。常用的此類詞有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如：

.Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那準時一■段可怕的經歷。.Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.那項試驗是一■個驚人的成功。.Thereisapagemissingfromthisbook.這本書缺了^■頁。4）有些-ing形式已經轉化成名詞，常做定語用來修飾物Thescanningelectronmicrographs這些電鏡掃描照片除了-ing形式能做定語外，如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動關系，就用它的被動式，即beingdone.beingdoing通常表示正在被做，常做后置定語。如：.Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學校。.Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.正在被討論的問題是被校長提出的。-ing形式做定語專練1.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe1.TheladysaidshewouldA.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainA.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars.C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars.2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocoverA.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover3.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,most3.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemA.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhomC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom4.Thequestionatpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.A.tobediscussingB.todiscuss4.Thequestionatpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussedC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed5.Chinaisacountrytothethirdworld.5.Chinaisacountrytothethirdworld.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingA.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belongedC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6. Whoisthemantotheteacher?Amodelworkerourschool.6. Whoisthemantotheteacher?Amodelworkerourschool.A.talks,visitsB.istalking;isvisitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visitedC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited7.Howmanyofus,say,ameetingthathasnothingtodowithuswillbeinterestedin7.Howmanyofus,say,ameetingthathasnothingtodowithuswillbeinterestedinthediscussion?A.attendB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended8.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt8.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt答案:DADDBCBB一■、動詞-ed形式作定語過去分詞作定語往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊，漸漸地成為一個復合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞，實際上相當于一個單純的形容詞，除表示“已完成”的動作之外，還表示“被動”的意義。如：spokenEnglish（英語口語）；icedbeer（冰凍啤酒）；cookedfood（熟食）;friedchips（炸土豆條）；但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動作，而不表示“被動”意義。如：boiledwater（開水）；fallenleaves（落葉）；therisensun（升起的太陽）等。Thetallmanisareturnedstudent.高個子的那個人是個歸國留學生。Myparentsarebothretiredteachers.我的父母都是退休教師。⑴前置定語單個的動詞-ed形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面，作前置定語。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激動的人們沖進大樓。Losttimecanneverbefoundagain. 虛度的時光，無法挽回。（2）后置定語①少數單個動詞的-ed形式，如left等，只能作后置定語。Everythingusedshouldbemarked. 所有用過的東西應該做好標記。Thebooksleftareformystudents.剩下的書是給我的學生的。②動詞-ed形式短語作定語時，通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面，在意思上相當于一個定語從句。Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活動嗎？（=Thathasbeenplannedfortonight）Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess.這次會議有很多人出席，開得很成功。（=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople）MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvitedThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenTheOlympicgames,in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayed D.tobefirstplayingPricesofdailyfoodsthroughaputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buyingMr.Smith,ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,bored D.tiring,boring二、動詞-ed形式作表語過去分詞作表語并無“完成”或“被動”之意，而是表示主語的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后，他顯得很憂慮。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved當我們聽到這件事時，被深深地感動了。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea. 聽到這個想法，他似乎很高興。作表語的一ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修飾。Iwasverypleasedatthenews.聽了這消息我很高興。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework.他十分厭倦這工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.聽了這想法他似乎很高興。1)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.pay B.payingC.paid D.topayAswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotfrommyfriends.A.separated B.sparedC.lost D.missedThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainastheplanewasmakingalanding.seatseatingseatedtobeseating三、動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語能用作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動詞,表示被動意義或已完成意義,有時候兩者兼而有之。作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回來時發(fā)現有人破門而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt.我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語的基本用法動詞的-ed形式可以在“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”句型中充當賓語補足語。在這一結構中，動詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語構成邏輯上的被動關系。如果這種句子改為被動語態(tài)，原來的賓語補足語變成了主語補足語。Imustgetmybikerepaired.我必須請人修理自行車。(賓語補足語)Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue人們發(fā)現那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。(主語補足語)(1)動詞-ed形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞的賓語補足語,這類動詞包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我從未聽過有人說他的壞話。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她覺得心里輕松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他們認為這問題解決了。(2)動詞-ed形式可作使役動詞的賓語補足語，這類動詞包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每個月理一次發(fā)。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood.他正努力使別人聽懂自己。Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用雙手按著臉?！癶ave+賓語+done”結構有三個含義：①（請人）把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired．她請人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪兒理的發(fā)？②參遭遇某種意外情況。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的錢包被偷了。③完成某事（自己也可能參與）。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．我把所有的拼寫錯誤都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear．他今年已存了1000元。（3）動詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動詞的賓語補足語，這類動詞包括like,want,wish,expect,order等”這一類動詞的后面作賓語補足語。Hewon'tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不喜歡在會議上討論這樣的問題。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued.學生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。(4)過去分詞用在，代卜+賓語+賓補”這一結構中,過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花，他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園。 Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou? I'dliketohavethispackage,madam.A.beweighed B.tobeweighedC.toweigh D.weighedThemissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.A.playing B.tobeplayingC.play D.playedThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.A.carryout B.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutMrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadwentwrongagain.itititrepairedrepairedtoberepairedI.單項選擇：Fromthedatesonthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarkedItwassolargearoomthatahundredpeoplelookedinit.A.losing B.lostC.tolose D.havinglostLawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparentsA.worried B.toworryC.worrying D.worryWithleavesintheeartheveryyear,thesoilbeesricherandricher.A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buriedShewasgladtoseeherchildwellcareof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.takingFriends