新GRE所有Issue題目的寫作提綱資料講解

新GRE所有Issue題目的寫作提綱GRE寫作Issue問題題庫分析與提綱第一類社會"Competitionisultimatelymorebeneficialthandetrimentaltosociety."歸根結(jié)底，競爭對于社會是利多弊少。Generallyspeaking,competitioncontributestoprogressinsociety.Generallyspeaking,competitioncontributestoprogressinsociety.Indemocraticcountries,whenpartiesandcandidatescompeteforpower,thepublicbenefits.Admittedly,whencompetitiongetsoutofthecontrolofmoresandlaws,societywillsuffer.競爭對于社會的優(yōu)點和缺點------------------------------"Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthantospenditonlong-termresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations."與其花錢進行可能有助于后代的長期性研究，還不如把錢花在迫在眉睫，已經(jīng)存在的社會問題上。Humanityshouldtakeintoaccountbothlong-terminterestsandshort-terminterestswhenmakingbudgets.Naturally,eachgenerationismostconcernedaboutsolvingproblemsthatimmediatelyconfrontthem.However,whatdifferentiateshumanbeingsfromotheranimalsisthathumanshaveasenseoffutureandaremorallyresponsibleforthewell-beingoftheirdescendents.Therefore,asbeneficiariesofpreviousgenerations,eachgenerationshouldmakeitsowncontributionforthewell-beingoffuturegenerations.當(dāng)務(wù)之急和百年大計的關(guān)系------------------------------9."Academicdisciplineshavebecomesospecializedinrecentyearsthatscholars'ideasreachonlyanarrowaudience.Untilscholarscanreachawideraudience,theirideaswillhavelittleuse."近些年來，學(xué)科已經(jīng)細(xì)化到了相當(dāng)?shù)某潭纫灾劣趯W(xué)者們的理念只影響小范圍的人群。除非學(xué)者們能擁有影響到大范圍的人群，否則他們的理念將幾乎毫無用處。Thespeakeroversimplifiestheissueofacademicinfluenceonsociety.Itistruethatacademicdisciplineshavebecomesospecializednowadaysthatsomescholar’sseeminglyidiosyncraticideasonlyreachanarrowaudience.Itisalsotruethatsocialscientists’failingtoreachthelargepublicmakesitimpossiblefortheirideastocontributetosociety.Nevertheless,scholarsincertainrealmsaredoomedtoliveinanisolatedandpurelyacademicworld,whichdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheirideaswillhavelittleuse.過分專業(yè)化問題 overspecialization------------------------------"Thestabilityofasocietydependsonhowitrespondstotheextremesofhumanbehavior."一個社會的穩(wěn)定取決于該社會對人們極端行為所作出的反應(yīng)。Itistruethathowasocietycopeswiththeextremesofhumanbehaviorlargelydeterminesthesociety’sstability.Theextremesofhumanbehavior--suchasviolenceorstrikes--usuallydictategravesocialtroubles.

精品文檔Onesolutiontothesesocialproblemsissuppressing,whichproveseffectiveintheshortrunandcounterproductiveinthelongrun.Themosteffectivewayofrespondingtosuchproblemsisconstructivecommunicationandsometimescompromise.抽象型題目------------------------------"Althoughmanypeoplethinkthattheluxuriesandconveniencesofcontemporarylifeareentirelyharmless,infact,theyactuallypreventpeoplefromdevelopingintotrulystrongandindependentindividuals."盡管許多人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代生活的奢華和便利是絲毫沒有壞處的，但是這實際上讓人們無法成為真正強大和獨立的個體。AgreeConsiderfirsttheeffectoftheautomobileonourindependenceasindividuals.Insomerespectstheautomobileservestoenhancesuchindependence.However,wehavebecomeslavestotheautomobile.Considernexttheoverallimpactoftheautomobileonourstrengthasindividuals,bywhichImeanstrengthofcharacter,ormettle.Incontrast,thereisacertainstrengthofcharacterthatcomeswitheschewingmodernconveniencessuchascars,andwiththeknowledgethatoneiscontributingtoacleanerandquieterenvironment,asaferneighborhood,andarguablyamoregenteelsociety.社會和個人之發(fā)展問題------------------------------"Therearetwotypesoflaws:justandunjust.Everyindividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsand,evenmoreimportantly,todisobeyandresistunjustlaws."有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個社會成員都有責(zé)任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應(yīng)該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。Disagree:First,whetheralawisjustorunjustisrarelyastraightforwardissue.Thefairnessofanylawdependsonone’spersonalvaluesystem.2. Thefairnessofalawalsodependsonone ’spersonalinterest,orstake,inthelegalissueathand.Disobeyingunjustlawsoftenhastheoppositeeffectofwhatwasintendedorhopedfor.Byjustifyingaviolationofonesortoflawwefindourselvesonaslipperyslopetowardsanctioningalltypesofillegalbehavior,includingegregiouscriminalconduct.社會和個人之法律公正么？------------------------------"Ifasocietyistothrive,itmustputitsownoverallsuccessbeforethewell-beingofitsindividualcitizens."如果一個社會要繁榮就必須將社會整體的成敗置于單個社會成員的幸福之上。DisagreeThesocietyismadeupofindividualcitizens;therefore,thedevelopmentofindividualcitizensiscrucialforthedevelopmentofthewholesociety.Asocietythatignoresthewellbeingofindividualcitizensisboundtoendupinsocialturmoilorrevolution.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之成功------------------------------收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔"Nationalgovernmentsshoulddevotemoreoftheirsocialprogramsandservicestochildrenthantoadults."任何一個國家的政府都應(yīng)該為孩子而不是為成人建設(shè)更多的社會項目和服務(wù)。

demand—avoyeuristiclookintotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Nevertheless,thestatementshouldbequalifiedinthatapoliticalfigurehasreasontoexpectprivacythanotherpublicfigures.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之公眾人物的隱私1.Noonewoulddenythefactthatitisintheyounggeneration------------------------------thatliesthefutureofoursociety.33."Creatinganappealingimagehasbecomemoreimportantin2.Therefore,weshouldattachenoughimportancetothecontemporarysocietythanistherealityortruthbehindthatdevelopmentofchildren.image."However,thisdoesnotmeanthatwecanignoretheinterestsofadults,whomakeupthemajorworkforceofoursociety.在當(dāng)代社會，打造一個引人入勝的外表已經(jīng)變得比外表下的孩子和成人之社會建設(shè)內(nèi)容更加重要了。------------------------------22."ManypeoplebelievethatafewindividualsorsmallgroupsIagreethatimagehasbecomeamorecentralconcern,atleast(family,friends,teachers,celebrities,forexample)havecausedwhereshort-termbusinessorpoliticalsuccessisatstake.themtothinkandbehaveinthewaytheydo.YetitisalwaysNevertheless,Ithinkthatinthelongertermimageultimatelysocietyasawholethatdefinesusandourattitudes,notafewyieldstosubstanceandfact.individuals."1.Theimportantroleofimageisparticularlyevidentinthebusinessworld.很多人認(rèn)為只是一些個人或者小團體（比如家庭、朋友、老2.Thegrowingsignificanceofimageisalsoevidentinthe師、名人）促成了他們的思維和行動。其實一直以來不是一politicalrealm,particularlywhenitcomestopresidential些個人而是社會作為一個整體在定義我們和我們的態(tài)度。politics.3.Inthelongterms,however,thesignificanceofimagewanes1.Individualsandsmallgroupsalsochangeourattitudesandconsiderably.mindstoalargeextent.2.Everyoneinfluencingusisalsoinfluencedthesociety.外表和內(nèi)容3.Internetisplayinganevermoresignificantrolein------------------------------influencingpeople’sattitudeandvalues.36."Thegreatnessofindividualscanbedecidedonlybythose少數(shù)和多數(shù)之定義人生wholiveafterthem,notbytheircontemporaries."------------------------------23."Contemporarytechnologymakesavailablemanysmall一個人是否偉大是由后人評定的而非他同時代的人。piecesoffactualinformation.Asaresult,peoplehavebecomeso1.Wedonotrequirearear-viewmirrortorecognizeartisticpreoccupiedwithbitsoffragmentedinformationthattheypaytoogreatness—whetherinmusic,visualarts,orliterature.Thelittleattentiontothelargerissuesandoverallperspectives."reasonforthisissimple:artcanbejudgedatfacevalue.現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使獲得大量細(xì)節(jié)信息成為可能。其結(jié)果是人們?nèi)?.Incontrast,inthesciencesitisdifficulttoidentifygreatnesswithoutthebenefitofhistoricalperspective.貫注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的問題和全局。3.Intherealmofbusiness,insomecasesgreatachievementis1.Accesstogreatdealofinformationhelppeoplegetawiderrecognizableimmediately,whileinothercasesitisnot.時間先后viewofanissue,thushelpthempreventbeinglimitedin------------------------------thoughts.40."Scholarsandresearchersshouldnotbeconcernedwith2.Technologyhelpsuspaymoreattentiontothelargerissueswhethertheirworkmakesacontributiontothelargersociety.Itisandoverallperspectives.moreimportantthattheypursuetheirindividualinterests,3.Topreventpreoccupationbyfragmentedinformation,peoplehoweverunusualoridiosyncraticthoseinterestsmayseem."shouldholdrightviewoninformation,nottoassimilateall,buttopercolaterelevantonesfromthoseneedingonlya我們不應(yīng)該僅僅關(guān)注學(xué)者和研究者的著作能否對社會做出貢glance.獻。更重要的是關(guān)注他們?nèi)绾巫非髮崿F(xiàn)自己的興趣，無論那少數(shù)和多數(shù)之細(xì)節(jié)信息些興趣顯得是多么的非同尋常。------------------------------29."Publicfiguressuchasactors,politicians,andathletesshouldAgree:expectpeopletobeinterestedintheirprivatelives.Whentheyseekapublicrole,theyshouldexpectthattheywillloseatleast1.Whoistodecidewhichareasofacademicinquiryaresomeoftheirprivacy."worthwhile?Scholarscannotbelefttodecide;norcanregulatorsandlegislators.像演員、政治家和運動員這樣的公眾人物應(yīng)該預(yù)料到大眾會2.Secondly,byhumannaturewearemotivatedtopursuethoseactivitiesinwhichweexcel.對他們的私生活感興趣。當(dāng)他們希望受人矚目的時候就應(yīng)該3.Thirdly,itis“idiosyncratic”and”unusual”avenuesof至少預(yù)期到會失去一些隱私（被大眾得知一些隱私）。inquirythatleadtogreatestcontributionstosociety.Agree:少數(shù)和多數(shù)之科學(xué)家1.Intensemediaattentiontothelivesofpublicfiguresraisesa------------------------------presumptioninthecollectivemindoftheviewingorreading41."Suchnon-mainstreamareasofinquiryasastrology,fortune-publicthatourpublicfigures’livesarefarmoreinterestingthanourown.telling,andpsychicandparanormalpursuitsplayavitalroleinsocietybysatisfyinghumanneedsthatarenotaddressedbyThemediaconsistoflargecorporationswhosechiefmainstreamscience."objectiveistomaximizeshareholderprofit.Inpursuitofthatobjective,themediaaresimplygivingthepublicwhatthey收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除少數(shù)和多數(shù)，精英和大眾-----------------------------’sleaders,65."Peoplehavebeensoencouragedbysocietytofocusonapparentdifferencesthattheyfailtoseemeaningfulsimilaritiesamongideas,individuals,andgroups."人們被社會鼓勵而將注意力集中于顯而易見的差異上，以至于人們已經(jīng)無法看到各種理念、個人和群體之間的有意義的相似。精品文檔研究界的一些非主流領(lǐng)域，比如星象學(xué)、占卜術(shù)和意念及超自然探索，在社會中起到了很重要的作用，因為它們滿足了人們無法從主流科學(xué)獲得的需求。Admittedly,thesenon-mainstreamareasofinquiryaddresscertainhumanneeds,whichmainstreamscienceandotherareasofintellectualinquiryinherentlycannot.However,becausethesepursuitsarenotrootedinreason,theyarefavoritepastimesofcharlatansandotherswhoseektopreyondupes.Furthermore,withoutanysurewaytoevaluatethelegitimacyoftheseavenuesofinquiry,participantsbecomevulnerabletoself-deception,falsehopes,fantasticideasandevendelusions.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之非主流學(xué)科------------------------------"Whilesomeleadersingovernment,sports,industry,andotherareasattributetheirsuccesstoawell-developedsenseofcompetition,asocietycanbetterprepareitsyoungpeopleforleadershipbyinstillinginthemasenseofcooperation."政府、體育界、工業(yè)界和其他領(lǐng)域中的一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者將他們的成功歸因于一種高度的競爭意識，然而一個社會還是應(yīng)該更好的為那些即將成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的年輕人灌輸一種合作的意識。AgreeThechiefreasonwhyweshouldstresscooperationinnurturingyoungpeopletodayisthat,astomorrowtheywillfacepressingsocietalproblemsthatsimplycannotbesolvedapartfromcooperativeinternationalefforts.Thesecondcompellingreasonforinstillinginyoungpeopleasenseofcooperationovercompetitionisthateffectiveleadershipdependslessonthelatterthantheformer.Athirdreasonwhyinstillingasenseofcooperationistobepreferredoverinstillingasenseofcompetitionisthatthelatterservestonarrowaleader ’sfocusonthwartingtheeffortsofcompetitors.------------------------------"Societydoesnotplaceenoughemphasisontheintellect--thatis,onreasoningandothercognitiveskills."社會對于理性還是重視不夠，比如推理和認(rèn)知的能力。Whilethespeakermightoverlookthebenefitsofnurturingcertainemotionsandfeelings,onbalanceIagreethatitisbywayofourheadsratherthanourheartsthatwecanbestensurethewell-beingofoursociety.Iconcedethatundueemphasisoncultivatingtheintellectattheexpenseofhealthyemotionscanharmandindividualpsychologically.Inmanyotherrespects,however,emphasizingemotionsandde-emphasizingintellectcancarrynegative,evendangerous,consequencesforanysociety.Thedangersofade-emphasisonintellectarealltooevidentincontemporaryAmerica.獨立題目------------------------------"Theincreasinglyrapidpaceoflifetodaycausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves."現(xiàn)代生活越來越快的節(jié)奏弊多利少。Agree

Therapidpaceoflifehasresultedinhealthproblemsinunprecedentedlargenumbers.Althoughpeopletodayhavemoreleisuretime,theyarenotinabetterpositionthantheirancestorstoenjoythemselves.Moreunfortunately,peopleseemtohavebecomeaddictedtotherapidpaceofmodernlife.利多弊少題型------------------------------"High-profileawardssuchastheNobelPrizeareactuallydamagingtosocietybecausetheysuggestthatonlyafewpeopledeservesuchrecognition."最高榮譽比如諾貝爾獎實際上是在損害社會，因為這種獎項在暗示只有少數(shù)人才配得上這樣的榮譽。Thefactthatonlyafewpeopledeservehigh-profileawardsisinsufficientevidencetosuggestthatsuchawardsaredamagingtosociety.Undoubtedly,high-profileawardssuggestthatonlyafewpeopledeservesuchrecognition.Whatissignificantisthathigh-profileawardspointouttherightdirectionsinwhichallindividualsinparticularfieldsshouldmakeefforts.Tomakesurethathigh-profileawardsservetherightpurposeofsociety,itisimperativethattherulesoftheawardsbefairandstrictlyadheredto.Peopleindifferentculturalenvironmentswouldresponddifferentlytothisstatement.Ontheonehand,westernculturestendtofocusondifferencesamongideas,individualsandgroups.Thedangeroftraditionalsocieties,ontheotherhand,istoignoredifferencesforcingindividualsandgroupstoconformtooneauthority.Ahealthyattitudeistobesensitivetobothdifferencesandsimilarities.統(tǒng)一和差異------------------------------"Inanyprofession--business,politics,education,government--thoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Thesurestpathtosuccessforanyenterpriseisrevitalizationthroughnewleadership."在任何領(lǐng)域中----商業(yè)、政治、教育、政府 ----掌權(quán)者應(yīng)該在五年后就讓位。這是任何機構(gòu)獲得成功的最好的方式：通過更新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者而保持活力。Limitingthetermofleadershipisaneffectivewaytopreventcorruptionandlackofinitiatives.Whenleadershavenofearoflosingtheirpower,theytendtoabusetheirpower.Anewleadershipusuallyhasgreaterinitiativeandwouldbringinnewideas.However,incertainrealmssuchasbusinessitmightnotbesonecessarytolimitthetermofleadership.Furthermore,newleadersoftenlackthenecessaryskillandexperiencetocopewithexistingproblems;therefore,theyneedaperiodoftimeforadaptation.新手和老手收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除------------------------------"Onecanbestunderstandthemostimportantcharacteristicsofasocietybystudyingitsmajorcities."人們可以通過研究一個社會的主要城市來了解它最重要的特點。Itisnolongertruethemajorcitiesarecharacteristicofasociety.Majorcitiesusedtobetheculturalcentersofasociety.Nowadays,however,duetotheinfluenceofglobalization,majorcitiesthroughouttheworldlookmoreorlessthesame.Bycontrast,theruralareasofasocietymaintainmoreofitsculturaltradition.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之以小見大------------------------------"Trulyprofoundthinkersandhighlycreativeartistsarealwaysoutofstepwiththeirtimeandtheirsociety."真正深刻的思想家和充滿創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家總是超前于他們所在的時代和社會的。Tobemoreexact,greatthinkersandartistsaregenerallyoutofstepwiththeirtimeandsociety.Manygreatartistsremainedobscurealltheirlives.Therearecountlessexamplesoforiginalthinkerswhowereeitherignoredormisunderstoodbytheirtimeandtheirsociety.However,therearecasesofgreaterthinkersorartistswhowererecognizedandrocketedtoinstantfameintheirowntimeandtheirownsociety.另類天才------------------------------"Peopletodayaretooindividualistic.Insteadofpursuingself-centered,separategoals,peopleneedtounderstandthatsatisfactioncomesfromworkingforthegreatergoodofthefamily,thecommunity,orsocietyasawhole."現(xiàn)在的人們太個人主義了。與其追求以個人為中心和孤立的目標(biāo)，人們更需要明白滿足是源于為家庭、社區(qū)或者整個社會的更大利益的服務(wù)。Extremeindividualismhasbecomeaseriousthreattothesocialfabricandthewelfareofallmembersofsociety.Somepeoplemayclaimthatthegreatergoodofthefamily,thecommunityorsocietyliesinthegoodoftheindividual,whichjustifiesthepursuitofself-interests.Theproblemdauntingcontemporarysocietyisthategoismasrunwild.Todaythereiseveryneedforthesocietytoencourageindividualstoworkfortheinterestsofothers.少數(shù)和多數(shù)------------------------------"Leadersarecreatedprimarilybythedemandsthatareplaceduponthem."領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者主要是由身負(fù)的責(zé)任所造就的。Generallyspeaking,leadersaretheresultsofacombinationofinternalqualitiesandexternalconditions.Thedemandsplaceuponapersoncouldchallengehimorhertobecomealeader.However,thestatementseemstosuggestthatanybodycanbecomealeaderifdemandsareplacedonhimorher,whichisunwarranted.Besidesopportunities,onealsoneedtohavecertainqualitiestomakealeader.時勢造英雄

精品文檔------------------------------"Theconceptof'individualresponsibility'isanecessaryfiction.Althoughsocietiesmustholdindividualsaccountablefortheirownactions,people'sbehaviorislargelydeterminedbyforcesnotoftheirownmaking."個人責(zé)任的概念是一種很必要的虛構(gòu)。盡管社會必須讓個人對他們自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)，但是人們的行為很大程度上不是自己能夠左右的。Theclaimthatindividualresponsibilityisanecessaryfictionshassomemeritinthatasocietywhereindividualsarenotheldaccountablefortheiractionsandchoicesisalawlessone,devoidofanyorderwhatsoever.Acorrelativeargumentforindividualresponsibilityinvolvesthefactthatlawless,oranarchist,statesgivewaytodespoticrulebystrongindividualswhoseizepower.Asforthespeaker’ssecondclaim,itfliesinthefaceofoureverydayexperiencesinmakingchoicesanddecisions.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之個人責(zé)任------------------------------"Itisprimarilythroughouridentificationwithsocialgroupsthatwedefineourselves."如果我們要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所處的社會團體。Istronglyagreethatwedefineourselvesprimarilythroughouridentificationwithsocialgroups,asthespeakerasserts.Anydevelopmentalpsychologistwouldagreethatsocializationwithotherchildrenplaysacriticalroleinanychild’sunderstandingandpsychologicaldevelopmentofself.Aschildrenprogresstothesocialworldoftheplaygroundandotherafter-schoolvenues,theirearlierrecognitionthattheyrelatemorecloselytosomepeoplethantoothersevolvesintoadesiretoformwell-definedsocialgroups,andtosetthesegroupsapartfromothers.However,asyoungadultstakeontheresponsibilitiesofpartnering,parenting,andworking,theyappeartodefinethemselveslessbytheirsocialaffiliationsandmorebytheirmaritalstatus,parentalstatus,andoccupation.------------------------------"Somuchisnewandcomplextodaythatlookingbackforanunderstandingofthepastprovideslittleguidanceforlivinginthepresent."現(xiàn)代社會是如此的嶄新和復(fù)雜以至于回首了解過去對于當(dāng)代生活已經(jīng)沒有太大幫助了。Eventhoughhistoryoffersfewfoolproofpanaceasforlivingtoday,theauthor’sclaimthattoday’sworldissouniquethatthepastisirrelevantistooradical.Admittedly,historyhashelpeduslearntheappropriatenessofaddressingcertainsocialissues,particularlymoralones,onasocietallevel.However,theonlyfirmlessonfromhistoryaboutsocialillsisthattheyareheretostay.現(xiàn)在和過去------------------------------"Society'sexternalrewardsarenomeasureoftruesuccess.Truesuccesscanbemeasuredonlyinrelationtothegoalsonesetsforoneself."社會給予的客觀獎勵并不能衡量真正的成功。真正的成功只能是取決于一個人為他自己設(shè)定的目標(biāo)。Successshouldbegaugedonapersonalbase.收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除Society’sexternalrewardscanonlyberegardedassocietyrecognitionofone’scontributiontosociety.Foranindividualperson,acorrectattitudeistogaugesuccessinrelationtothegoalsonesetsforoneself.Overemphasizingthesocialcriterionofsuccesstendstobelittletheworthofanindividual.

精品文檔genuinely’snewartwouldeveremerge,andsocietywouldbeworseoff.------------------------------客觀和主觀------------------------------"Theproblemsofmodernsocietyhaveledmanypeopletocomplain:'Weliveinterribletimes.'Yet,giventhechoice,noonetodaywouldprefertoliveinanyothertime."現(xiàn)代社會的問題是很多人都在抱怨：“我們生活在一個可怕的時代?！钡羌僭O(shè)讓他們選擇的話，現(xiàn)在的人們?nèi)匀粫x擇現(xiàn)在而不是其他的時代。

"Themostpracticalandeffectivewaytoprotectwildernessareasistoattractmoretouriststotheseareasthroughenvironmentallysensitiveprojects."保護野生環(huán)境最實際和最有效的途徑就是通過環(huán)保的（旅游）項目吸引更多的旅游者來這些地區(qū)（旅游）。DisagreeTouristsswarmingtovisittheenvironmentallysensitiveprojectsmayposeaseriousthreattothewildnessareas.Themostpracticalandeffectivewaytoprotectwildernessareasistoleavethoseplacestotakecareofthemselves.Weliveinthebesttimeofhistory.Firstly,ourlivingconditionstodayaresuperiortothoseofanypastgenerations.Secondly,technologieshavemadeitpossibleformentoworkundermuchmorecomfortableworkingconditionstodaythanbefore.Mostoftheproblemstroublingustodayhavebeentroublinghumanbeingsforalongtime.時間------------------------------"Whatsocietyhasthoughttobeitsgreatestsocial,political,andindividualachievementshaveoftenresultedinthegreatestdiscontent."被社會自詡為是它最偉大的社會、政治和個人成就的東西結(jié)果往往帶來最大的非議。Agreewithconcession:Withrespecttoindividualachievements,greatachieversarebynatureambitiouspeopleandthereforetendtobedissatisfiedanddiscontentwiththeiraccomplishments—nomatterhowgreat.Individualachievementscanoftenresultindiscontentonasocietallevel.Turningfromindividualachievementstosocietal,includingpolitical,achievements,theextenttowhichgreatachievementhavecauseddiscontentoftendependsonone’sperspective.社會和人民大眾------------------------------"Thewell-beingofasocietyisenhancedwhenmanyofitspeoplequestionauthority."當(dāng)很多人都質(zhì)疑權(quán)威的時候社會就會繁榮昌盛。Agreewithconcession:Admittedly,whenmanypeoplequestionauthority,somesocietalharmmightresult,evenifasocialcauseisworthy.Whileviolenceisrarelyjustifiableasameansofquestioningauthority,peacefulchallengestopoliticalandlegalauthority,bymanypeople,arenotonlyjustifiablebutactuallynecessarywhenitcomestoenhancingandevenpreservingsociety’swell-being.Questioningauthorityisalsoessentialforadvancesinthesciences.Similarly,inthearts,peoplemustchallengeestablishedstylesandformsratherthanimitatethem;otherwise,no

環(huán)保和旅游的關(guān)系------------------------------"Theonlyresponsibilityofcorporateexecutives,providedtheystaywithinthelaw,istomakeasmuchmoneyaspossiblefortheircompanies."公司的經(jīng)營者們唯一的責(zé)任就是在法律規(guī)定范圍之內(nèi)為他們的公司賺盡可能多的錢。Inseveralrespectsthispositionhasconsiderablemerit;yetitignorescertaincompellingargumentsforimposingonbusinessesadditionalobligationstothesocietyinwhichtheyoperate.Ontheonehandareconvincingargumentsthatprofitmaximizationwithintheboundsofthelawshouldbeabusinessexecutive’ssoleresponsibility.First,imposingonbusinessesadditionaldutiestosocietyinwhichtheyoperatecan,paradoxically,harmthatsociety.Secondly,byaffirmingthatprofitmaximizationwithinlegalboundsisthemostethicalbehaviorpossibleforbusiness,moreprivateenterprisesandindividualswillbeencouragedenterthemarketplaceinthequestofprofits.Ontheotherhandarecompellingargumentsforholdingbusinessexecutivestocertainresponsibilitiesinadditiontoprofitmaximizationandtocompliancewiththeletteroflaw.-------------------------------160."Themostessentialqualityofaneffectiveleaderistheabilitytoremainconsistentlycommittedtoparticularprinciplesandobjectives.Anyleaderwhoisquicklyandeasilyinfluencedbyshiftsinpopularopinionwillaccomplishlittle."對于一位強有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來說，最關(guān)鍵的能力就是要對一些原則和目標(biāo)堅定不移。任何領(lǐng)導(dǎo)如果很頻繁的、很輕易的為大眾意志而轉(zhuǎn)移的話，他將會一事無成。Inaddressingtheissueitishelpfultoconsider,inturn,threedistinctformsofleadership:business,politicalandsocial-spiritual.Inthebusinessrealm,effectiveleadershipisgenerallydefined,atleastinourcorporateculture,asthatwhichachievesthegoalofprofitmaximizationforafirm’sshareholdersorotherowners.Inthepoliticalrealm,stubbornadherencetoone’sobjectiveintheshorttermmightserveapoliticalleader’sinterestinpreservinghisorherpower,yetinthelongtermsuchbehaviorinvariablyresultsinthatleader’sdownfall.Socio-spiritualleadership,inordertobeeffective,inherentlyrequiresthattheleaderremainsteadfastlycommittedtoprinciple.收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除少數(shù)和多數(shù)之領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與大眾------------------------------"Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisnottheachievementsofitsrulers,artists,orscientists,butthegeneralwelfareofallitspeople."一個偉大國家最真實的體現(xiàn)不是它的統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家或者科學(xué)家的成就，而是他所有老百姓的普通福利（幸福）。Admittedly,theoverridingimperativeofanydemocraticstateistoenhancethegeneralwelfareofitscitizenry.Yetthespeakerfailstoprovideaclearlitmustestformeasuringthatwelfare.Manyscientificachievementsservetoenhanceanationgeneralwelfare.Artisticachievementisalsoneededtomakeanationabetterplaceforhumansoverall.Weshouldalsobecarefulnottohastilyassumethatanationisnecessarilygreatmerelybyvirtueoftheachievementsofindividualcitizens.社會精英和人民大眾thegeneralwelfare------------------------------"Peoplewhopursuetheirownintellectualinterestsforpurelypersonalreasonsaremorelikelytobenefittherestoftheworldthanarepeoplewhotrytoactforthepublicgood."能夠造福社會的是那些純粹出于個人原因而追求自己興趣知識的人，而不是那些打算為大眾謀福利的人。AgreeByhumannaturewearemotivatedtopursueactivitiesinwhichweexcel.Secondly,itisunusualavenuesofpersonalinterestthatmostoftenleadtothegreatestcontributionstosociety.Thirdly,toadoptaviewthatrunscontrarytothespeakerpositionwouldbetosanctioncertainintellectualpursuitswhileproscribingothers—whichsmacksofthoughtcontrolandpoliticaloppression.個人和整體之動機------------------------------174."Lawsshouldnotberigidorfixed.Instead,theyshouldbeflexibleenoughtotakeaccountofvariouscircumstances,times,andplaces."法律不應(yīng)該是僵化或固定的，而應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同的環(huán)境、時期和地點而足夠靈活。Ontheonehand,acertainmeasureofconsistency,stabilityandpredictabilityinourlawsisrequiredinorderforustounderstandourlegalobligationsandrightsaswegoaboutourday-to-daybusinessasasociety.Ontheotherhand,rigidlawscanresultinunfairnessifappliedinflexiblyinallplacesatalltimes.法律的靈活性------------------------------"Itispossibletopasslawsthatcontrolorplacelimitsonpeople'sbehavior,butlegislationcannotreformhumannature.Lawscannotchangewhatisinpeople'sheartsandm