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中國石化英語分級(jí)測試TO(shè)C\o"1-3"\h\z\uHYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第一篇HowtobeHappy如何獲得幸福 PAGEREF_Toc\h2HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第二篇CityDesign城市設(shè)計(jì)?PAGEREF_Toc\h3HYPERLINK第三篇Population人口 PAGEREF_Toc\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第四篇Earthquake地震?PAGEREF_Toc\h5HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第五篇TheAftermathofBPFulfOilSpill英國石油公司墨西哥灣原油泄漏 PAGEREF_Toc\h6HYPERLINK第六篇GreenComputers“綠色’’電腦?PAGEREF_Toc\h7HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第七篇CellPhones手機(jī)?PAGEREF_Toc\h8HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第八篇TouchTech觸屏技術(shù)?PAGEREF_Toc\h9HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第九篇FossilFuelsandOurLife化石燃料與我們的生活?PAGEREF_Toc\h10HYPERLINK第十一篇MarinePollution海洋污染?PAGEREF_Toc\h12HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第十二篇China'sGrowthandtheCleanEnergyTech中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與清潔能源技術(shù)?PAGEREF_Toc\h13HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第十三篇MarketEconomy市場經(jīng)濟(jì) PAGEREF_Toc\h14HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第十四篇CPI消費(fèi)者物價(jià)指數(shù) PAGEREF_Toc\h15HYPERLINK十六篇AppleExpandsitsTouchy-FeelyVision蘋果公司用iPad延續(xù)夢想?PAGEREF_Toc\h17HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"十七篇3GTechnology技術(shù)?PAGEREF_Toc\h18HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"十八篇CarbonCaptureandStorage碳捕獲和儲(chǔ)存?PAGEREF_Toc\h19HYPERLINK十九篇GlobaIWarming全球變暖 PAGEREF_Toc\h20HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十篇AlternateEnergies替代能源?21HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料?PAGEREF_Toc\h22HYPERLINK二十四篇CompanyManagement公司管理 PAGEREF_Toc\h25HYPERLINK二十五篇RecruitmentDrivesTakeTalentfromWidePool人才庫 PAGEREF_Toc\h26HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十六篇TipsforJobSeekers找工作的秘訣 PAGEREF_Toc\h27HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十七篇ChineseOilMarket中國石油市場?PAGEREF_Toc\h28HYPERLINK三十篇ProjectManagement項(xiàng)目管理?PAGEREF_Toc\h31

第一篇HowtobeHappy如何獲得幸福Inthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositive_psychologistMartinSeligman,whereH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfee(cuò)linghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntary_choicesyoumake).過去兩周我們研究了一項(xiàng)幸福公式,這是由樂觀心理學(xué)家馬丁·塞利格曼定義的。在這個(gè)公式中,H(幸福)=S(個(gè)人生理幸福感受的固定指數(shù))+C(個(gè)人生活狀態(tài))+V(個(gè)人主觀選擇)。Thisweekwelookat(yī)theconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.本周我們將著眼于能提高幸福指數(shù)的生活狀態(tài)。Stepl:Peaceandquiet第一步:平和寧靜JonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,TheHappinessHypothesis,notesthatresearchshowsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.喬納森·海迪在他的優(yōu)秀著作《幸福假說》當(dāng)中提到,研究調(diào)查顯示,我們不也許完全適應(yīng)噪音污染,無論是新近的還是長期的。Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.巨大噪聲會(huì)引發(fā)我們面對(duì)恐驚的某種本能反映(另一種是對(duì)于墜落的恐驚),假如周遭噪音喧鬧,我們不也許完全放松。每日保持平和與寧靜事關(guān)重要。Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwithcomplainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstohavesomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.假如你不幸生活在比較嘈雜吵的環(huán)境中,請一定要堅(jiān)持去居委會(huì)投訴。此外,嘗試使用耳塞,也許會(huì)緩解噪聲。假如你需要用大音量看電視、聽收音機(jī)或放音樂的話,記得戴上耳機(jī),別影響鄰里,這樣可以使雙方都感到舒適。Step2:Relationships第二步:人際關(guān)系Thisisthemostimportantofalltheextemalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquotient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.這是增長幸福指數(shù)的一條至關(guān)重要的外部條件。我們感到不快樂的最深層因素,往往就是人際關(guān)系欠佳。Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelat(yī)ionshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreat(yī)esisolationandmisery.與搭檔或者愛人的關(guān)系陷入劇烈的沖突中,會(huì)讓我們產(chǎn)生遭到背叛和遺棄的感覺。父母和孩子之間假如缺少同情心和無私關(guān)懷,會(huì)產(chǎn)生隔閡與痛苦。Whenfacedwithsuchrelationships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelat(yī)ionshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorleamtomoveon.當(dāng)我們面臨這類問題時(shí),最佳的辦法就是直面難題,修復(fù)關(guān)系,或者學(xué)著繼續(xù)前行。Step3:Share第三步:分享Ifyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,remembertosharethemwithfriends.Passingonwhat(yī)worksisessentialtoimprovethewellbeingofourownandothers.假如你發(fā)現(xiàn)生活狀態(tài)或者做的某項(xiàng)決定對(duì)幸福生活有重大幫助的話,記得與你的朋友們分享。將有用的發(fā)現(xiàn)與更多人分享,這對(duì)增進(jìn)自己的幸福和別人的幸福都有積極作用。閱讀理解1.What'sthehappinessformulaaccordingtothepassage?答案:TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfee(cuò)linghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2.Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?答案:LoudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesaIldwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintruslvenoise.3.Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?答案:Ifwenee(cuò)dourTV,radioormuslcuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstrat(yī)esourkindnessandconsiderat(yī)iontoourneighbors.4.Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?答案:Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5.Whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?答案:Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorleamtomoveon.?第二篇CityDesign城市設(shè)計(jì)WhenI'mbeingdriventhroughacityfromourhoteltoaconferencecenter,Icouldn'thelpbutnotetheoverwhelmingpresenceofcarsandparkinglots.Theworld'scitiesareintrouble.Inhundredsofcities,thelifeofdailylifeisdeteriorating.Breathingtheairinsomecitiesisequivalenttosmokingtwopacksofcigarettesperday.Thenumberofhourscommutersspendgoingnowheresittingintraffic-congestedstree(cuò)tsandhighwaysclimbshighereachyear,raisingfrustrationlevels.當(dāng)我從旅館乘車穿行城市前往會(huì)議中心時(shí),映入眼簾的是無處不在的汽車和停車場。全世界的城市都陷入了困境,數(shù)以百計(jì)的城市平常生活的質(zhì)量正在不斷下降。在一些城市,天天呼吸空氣等于抽兩包香煙。天天上班族驅(qū)車時(shí)因街道和道路堵塞而寸步難行,耽擱的時(shí)間逐年升高,郁悶也隨之加深。Inresponsetotheseconditions,weareseeingtheemergencyofanewurbanism.Injustafewyears,manycitiesbannedtheparkingofcarsonsidewalks,createdorrenovatedmoreparks,introducedahighlysuccessfulbus-baserapidtransitsystem,builthundredsofkilometersofbicyclepathsandpedestrianstreets,reducedrushhourtraffic,plantedmoretreesandinvolvedlocalcitizensdirectlyintheimprovementoftheirneighborhoods.Thequalityofurbanlifeinthesecitieshasbeengreat(yī)lyenhancedwiththevisionofacitydesignedforpeople.針對(duì)上述情況,我們可以看到一種新城市主義的理念正在興起。在短短的幾年內(nèi),許多城市的人行道上不再允許停車,新建和改造了更多的停車場,建立了一套以公共汽車為基礎(chǔ)的極為成功的快速運(yùn)營系統(tǒng),興建了數(shù)百公里的自行車道和步行街,高峰時(shí)段的交通擁擠得以減緩,種植了更多的樹木,并吸取本地市民直接參與社區(qū)的改善工作。城市設(shè)計(jì)以人為本的理念使這些城市的生活質(zhì)量有了很大的提高。Nowgovemmentplannerseverywhereareexperimenting,seekingwaystodesigncitiesforpeoplenotcars.Carspromisemobility.Butinanurbanizingworldthereisaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecity.Afterapoint,astheirnumbersmultiply,automobilesprovidenotmobilitybutimmobility.現(xiàn)在,各地政府的規(guī)劃者們都在嘗試尋找為了人而不是為汽車設(shè)計(jì)城市的方法。汽車應(yīng)帶給人們活動(dòng)的便捷。但是在一個(gè)不斷城市化的世界里,存在著一個(gè)根深蒂固的矛盾,即汽車與城市之間的矛盾。超過一個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)之后,隨著汽車數(shù)量的累加,汽車提供的不再是便捷,而是停滯。Basedonthisperspective,somecitiesinindustrialanddevelopingcountriesalikewilldramaticallyincreaseurbanmobilitybymovingawayfromthecar.Letmeremindyouoncemore,citiesarebuiltforpeople,notforcars.Acityfullofcarsislikewhatthehorrifyingsci-fidepicted-allmechanismandnohuman.Inordertoavoidthisdisaster,we'dbetterstartdesigningsustainablecities.基于這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),無論在發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國家還是發(fā)展中國家,一些城市將會(huì)通過遠(yuǎn)離汽車來極大增長市區(qū)的通暢。讓我再次提醒你,城市是為了人,不是為了汽車而建設(shè)的。擠滿汽車的城市就像恐怖的科幻小說里描繪的——全是機(jī)械,沒有人性。為了避免這場劫難,我們最佳開始設(shè)計(jì)可連續(xù)發(fā)展的城市。閱讀理解:1.Whatmeansoftransportat(yī)iondoestheauthortaketotheconferencecenter?答案:(Hetakes)abus.2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwhatishappeningincitieswheretherearemorecars?答案:Carsnotonlydoharmtopeople'shealthbutalsocauseheavytrafficjam.3.Whatdoesthelastsentence“thevisionofacitydesignedforpeople”inparagraph2mean?答案:Designcitiesforpeoplenot(for)cars.4.Whyisthereaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecityinurbanareas?答案:Becausepeopledependlargelyoncars.5.Howwouldacitylooklikeifcarswereeverywhere?答案:Therewouldbeallcars(mechanism)nohuman.?第三篇Population人口Averyimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.在我們這個(gè)星球上居住的人越來越多,是一個(gè)很重要的全球問題。假如繼續(xù)按照現(xiàn)有的增長率發(fā)展下去,那么有限的土地及土地資源不久不能養(yǎng)活這么巨大的人口。Sowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulat(yī)iontakingplace?Itisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownas"DeathControl".那么為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)人口的大量增長呢?這的確是由于知識(shí)的廣泛傳播和眾所周知的“死亡控制”的結(jié)果。Youhavenodoubtheardoftheterm"BirthControl"."DeathControl"issomethingratherdifferent.毫無疑問,你肯定聽到過“生育控制”這個(gè)術(shù)語?!八劳隹刂啤笔谴蟛幌嗤?。Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewho,notverylongago,wouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.它認(rèn)可了醫(yī)生和科學(xué)家的工作,現(xiàn)在他們可以留住那些患有各種各樣絕癥的病人的生命。而這些絕癥在不久之前還是不可治愈的。Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthat(yī)"includefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseases,wehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.However,thissuccessistheverycauseofthegreat(yī)estthreat(yī)tomankind.通過大范圍的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,其中涉及耕作方法和對(duì)絕癥的控制,我們已經(jīng)找到減少死亡率的方法。然而,正是這項(xiàng)成功給人類帶來最大的威脅。Ifwee(cuò)xaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulation,webegintosee(cuò)blem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremeters.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthree-fifthsoftheworld'slandcannotproducefood.假如計(jì)算一下維持不斷增長的人口所需的土地量,我們就能意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題。假如這個(gè)星球上的每個(gè)人都平均分一塊土地,我們每個(gè)人會(huì)擁有五萬平方米。這個(gè)數(shù)字看似相稱振奮人心,而當(dāng)我們計(jì)算一下每個(gè)人的實(shí)際可用耕地之后,就知道情況不太樂觀了。由于世界上超過3/5的土地都不能生產(chǎn)糧食。Obviously,withsolittlelandtosupportus,weshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Instead,weareconsumingits"capital"-itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades(3).Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewable,suchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.顯然,可以養(yǎng)活我們的耕地如此之少,我們就應(yīng)當(dāng)想方設(shè)法不要讓耕地繼續(xù)減少下去。但是,我們并沒有這樣做!反而我們正在消耗它的“本錢”——其不可再生的化石燃料與其它礦藏,它們是在幾百萬年的時(shí)間里才形成的,然而現(xiàn)在,幾十年內(nèi)就會(huì)被消耗殆盡。我們對(duì)待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然資源也是如此,譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百萬與我們共同居住在地球上的物種。閱讀理解:1.Whatcanbelearntaboutthepopulat(yī)iongrowthatpresent?答案:Itcontinuestoincrease/growatitspresentrate.2.Accordingtothearticle,what(yī)contributestothepopulationincrease?答案:DeathControl3.Whatisthedoctors'jobaccordingtoparagraph?答案:Theykeeppeoplewhosufferfromincurablediseasesalive.?4.Whyisn'tthereenoughlandtosupporthumanbeings答案:Becausetheworld'slandhasalreadybeentakenup/occupiedbytheever-increasingpopulat(yī)ion.5.Inparagraph4thefertilesoilsareconsideredas___(dá)_.答案:nonrenewable?第四篇Earthquake地震Earthquakesmayberankedasoneofthemostdevastatingforceknowntomen;sincerecordsbegantobewrittendown,ithasbeenestimatedthatearthquake-relat(yī)edfatalitieshavenumberedinmillionsandthatearthquake-relateddestructionhasbeenbeyondcalculation.Thegreaterpartofsuchdamageandlossoflifehasbeenduetocollapseofbuildingsandeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenaresultingfromearthquakes,rat(yī)herthanfromthequakesthemselves.地震是人類所知的最具有破壞力的自然災(zāi)害之一。自從有記載以來,估計(jì)由地震導(dǎo)致的死亡達(dá)數(shù)百萬以上,地震導(dǎo)致的破壞更是不計(jì)其數(shù)。地震導(dǎo)致的破壞如此之大,死亡如此之多,重要是由于地震引發(fā)的建筑物倒塌、巖石崩落、洪水、火災(zāi)、疾病等現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致的,而不是由于地震自身。Thegreatmajorityofallearthquakesoccurintwospecificgeographicareas.OnesuchareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses.TheotherextendsfromtheEastIndianstotheAtlasMountains,includingtheHimalayas,Iran,TurkeyandtheAlpineregions.Theymayhappenanywhereatanytime.大多數(shù)地震發(fā)生在兩個(gè)獨(dú)特的地理位置。一個(gè)是環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)及相鄰的大陸架,另一個(gè)是從印度東部延伸到阿特拉斯山脈,其中涉及喜馬拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿爾卑斯地區(qū)。那里隨時(shí)隨地都也許發(fā)生地震。Thiselementoftheunknownhasforcenturiesaddedgreatlytothedreadandhorrorsurroundingearthquakes,butinrecenttimestherehavebee(cuò)nindicationsthatearthquakepredictionmaybepossible.Byanalyzingchangesinanimalbehavior,pattemsofmovementsintheearth'scrust,variationsintheforceofgravityandthee(cuò)arth'smagneticfieldandthefrequencywithwhichminorearthtremorsareobserved,scientistshaveshownincreasingsuccessinanticipatingwhenandwhereearthquakeswillstrikecl).Asaresult,worldwideearthquakewamingnetworkisalreadyinoperat(yī)ionandhashelpedtoprepareforthevastdestructionthatmightotherwisehavebeentotallyunexpected.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,這種對(duì)于地震的未知性更大大地增長了地震的可怕和恐驚性。但近幾年來已有跡象表白地震預(yù)測是也許的。通過度析動(dòng)物行為的變化,地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式,地球磁場和地心引力的變化以及監(jiān)測到的輕微地震的頻率,科學(xué)家在預(yù)測地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)上已取得了不斷的成功。因此,世界性地震預(yù)警網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),并且已經(jīng)幫助人們對(duì)大范圍的破壞做好準(zhǔn)備,而這些破壞也也許是完全不能預(yù)料的。Itisdoubtfulthatmanwilleverbeabletocontrolearthquakesandeliminat(yī)etheirdestructivenessaltogether,butashowandwhyearthquakeshappenbecomebetterunderstood,manwillbecomemoreandmoreabletodealwiththeirpotentialdevastat(yī)ionbeforeitoccurs.人類是否能完全控制地震并消除它的破壞力尚未可知。但是,隨著我們對(duì)地震發(fā)生的方式和因素有了更多的了解,在地震發(fā)生之前,我們就能更好地應(yīng)對(duì)也許導(dǎo)致的破壞。閱讀理解:1.Whatarethecausesofthegreatpartofthedamageandlossoflife?答案:Collapseofbuildingsandtheeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenafromearthquakes.2.Wherearethetwomostactiveearthquakebeltsintheworld?答案:TheareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses,EastIndianstotheAtlasMountains.3.Whatfactdoes"elementoftheunknown"inparagraph3referto?答案:Itreferstothefacttheearthquakescanhappenanywhereatanytime.4.Whatfourwaysareusedtoanticipateearthquakeactivity?答案:a)analyzingchangesinanimalbehaviorb)pattemsofmovementsinthee(cuò)arth'scrustc)variat(yī)ionsintheforceofgravityandtheearth'smagneticfieldd)observationofthefrequencyofminorearthtremors。5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthepossibilityofearthquakepredictions?答案:Earthquakepredictionisbecomingmoreandmorepossible.?第五篇TheAftermathofBPFulfOilSpill----英國石油公司墨西哥灣原油泄漏Intheaftermat(yī)hoftheBPoilspill,PresidentObamavoicedtheconcemsofcountlessscientists.environmentalists(l).andGulfCoastresidentswhenhedeclared."We'redealingwithamassiveandpotentiallyunprecedentedenvironmentaldisaster."Theshee(cuò)rsizeoftheoilspill-210,000gallonsadaycontaminatingtheGulfofMexico-hasmanypeopleworriedabouttheshortandlong-termenvironmentalharmitiscausing(2)英國石油公司原油泄漏事件之后,奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的一次公開發(fā)言表達(dá)出了無數(shù)科學(xué)家、環(huán)保主義者以及墨西哥灣居民的心聲。他在發(fā)言中提到,“我們正在應(yīng)對(duì)的是一場巨大的、史無前例的環(huán)境劫難”。天天足足有21萬加侖的原油泄漏并污染著墨西哥灣,這使得很多人為這次事件對(duì)環(huán)境所導(dǎo)致的短期和長期的危害感到擔(dān)憂。Theoilspillcouldseverelydamagefragileecosystemsforyears,possiblydecades.Beachesfouledbyoilspillsareverydifficulttocleanup.Tomakemattersworse,thespillthreatensbeachesjustasshorebirdsarenestingandseaturtlesarecomingashoretolaytheireggs.這次原油泄漏事件對(duì)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來的嚴(yán)重破壞會(huì)連續(xù)很數(shù)年,甚至數(shù)十年。被石油污染的海灘很難被清理干凈。更糟糕的是,泄漏的石油對(duì)海灘導(dǎo)致污染的時(shí)間正是海鳥筑巢和海龜游到岸上孵蛋的季節(jié)。Evenworseistheeffecttheoilspillcouldhaveonsensitivesaltmarshesandmangrovecoastlines,whichwouldbepracticallyimpossibletocleanandthat(yī)somefearmightbepermanentlydestroyed(3)Thesewetlandsareconsideredthenurseriesforthefishingandseafoodindustryandareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.Becausetheycovermuchmorelandareat(yī)hanbeaches,theriskoftheirexposuretodamageisgreatlyincreased.尚有更糟的事情,石油污染還也許影響敏感的濕地和紅樹林海岸,而這將是幾乎不也許被清理干凈的,有些人甚至緊張這將是永久性的毀壞。這些濕地是捕魚業(yè)和水產(chǎn)品工業(yè)的搖籃,也是多種野生動(dòng)物的棲息地和繁殖地。由于這些濕地面積遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于海灘的面積,所以它們面臨破壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就大大增長了。Fully98percentofthefishandshellfishharvestedintheGulfofMexicodependonestuaries,whicharecoastalwat(yī)erswherefreshwaterfromriversandstreamsmixwithseawater.Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.Manyspeciesdependonwetlandsforfood,shelterandbreeding.在墨西哥灣捕獲的魚類和貝類中足有98%依靠河口生存,這些河口就是江河與海水匯合的地方。而河口又依賴于濕地保證其水的質(zhì)量并為水產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈提供基礎(chǔ)。濕地是很多物種覓食、棲息和繁殖的場合。ThewatersoftheGulfofMexicoarehomestohundredsofspeciesofaquatic1ife.Thelongertheoilfoulsthewater,themorepollutedthefoodchainbecomes,whichcouldresultinlargefishkillsandseafoodtoocontaminatedforconsumption.墨西哥灣水域也是成百上千種水棲動(dòng)物的家園。石油對(duì)海水導(dǎo)致污染的時(shí)間越長,水產(chǎn)品食物鏈被污染的限度就會(huì)越大,這最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致大量的魚類死亡以及水產(chǎn)品被嚴(yán)重污染而無法食用。閱讀理解1.Inthefirstsentence"PresidentObamavoicedtheconcemsofcountlessscientists..."whatdoestheword"voice"mean?答案:Voiceheremeans“toexpressanideaof…”Howlongcouldthedamagetotheecosystemlast?答案:Thedamagetothee(cuò)cosystemcouldlastdecades.3.Howimportantarethewetlandstothewildlife?答案:Thewetlandsareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.4.Whyareestuariesdependentonwetlands?答案:Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.5.HowwilltheoilspillaffecttheseafoodintheGulfofMexico?答案:Manyfishwilldieandtheseafoodwillbetoocontaminatedforconsumption.

第六篇GreenComputers“綠色’’電腦Computermanufacturers,chipmakersandsoftwarecompaniesaredeveloping"greener'productsforenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.Whilesometechcompaniesaredevelopingmoreenergy-efficientproductlines,othersarereleasingsoftwaretomakeexistingcomputersconsumeless.And-electronicsmanufacturersareexpandingwaystomake-newcomputersout-ofrecycledmaterials,aswellasencouragecustomerstorecycleoldmachines.Consumers'maypayaslightpremiumforsomeeco-friendlyelectronics,but.manypriceswillbecomparablewithtraditionalofferings.目前,電腦生產(chǎn)商、芯片制造者和軟件公司都紛紛開發(fā)“綠色”產(chǎn)品來滿足那些環(huán)保意識(shí)強(qiáng)烈的消費(fèi)者的需求。一些科技公司開發(fā)了更節(jié)能的生產(chǎn)線,尚有一些公司推出了減少現(xiàn)有電腦耗電量的軟件。電子制造公司不斷擴(kuò)展工藝運(yùn)用循環(huán)材料生產(chǎn)新電腦,并鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者循環(huán)運(yùn)用舊電腦。某些環(huán)保類電子產(chǎn)品也許需要消費(fèi)者多花些錢,但仍有很多環(huán)保電腦的價(jià)格跟傳統(tǒng)電腦差不多。Severalfactorsarepushipaniestobegreener.Manywanttostayaheadofenvironmentallegislationandtogamerfavorwithgreeninvestors.Andwithenergypriceshigh,theyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhoarelookingforwaystochipawayatexpenses.有幾大因素推動(dòng)著電腦公司更注重環(huán)保。許多公司希望走在環(huán)保法規(guī)的前面,贏得環(huán)保投資者的支持。同時(shí),隨著能源價(jià)格上漲,他們正嘗試吸引那些設(shè)法節(jié)省費(fèi)用的消費(fèi)者。Thecomputerindustryhasbee(cuò)nworkingonimprovingenergyconsumptionforyears.Thenewerfocushasbeenontoxinsandrecycling.Forexample,LenovoGroupLtd.uses10%t025%recycledplasticsharvestedfromwaterbottles.Lastmonth,IntelCorp.introducednewchipsthatitsayswillspee(cuò)dupcomputingperformancewithoutsuckingupadditionalpower.Thecompanyalsodevelopedtechnology,calledRemoteWake,tokeepcomputersinalow-energymodeuntilusersneedthemforretrievingfilesovertheIntemet.Hewlett-PackardCo.hasdevelopedanewfeaturecalledAuto-On/Auto-Offthatputsinactiveprintersintoaslee(cuò)pmodeandcanquicklypowerbackuponcetheyareusedagain(1).ThisfeaturehasbeenaddedtoHP'spersonaldesktoplaserprintersin2023.Attentiontomanufacturingmaterialsisapriority.HPintroducedanink-jetprinterthatismadeof83%recycledplastics.計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)數(shù)年來一直致力于減少能源消耗,新焦點(diǎn)已經(jīng)放到了毒性和循環(huán)運(yùn)用上來了。例如,聯(lián)想集團(tuán)使用的塑料中有10%至25%是用回收的水瓶制造的。上個(gè)月,英特爾集團(tuán)將新款芯片投放市場,據(jù)稱這些芯片不用花費(fèi)更多的能量就可以加快計(jì)算的速度。該公司還開發(fā)了一種叫做“遠(yuǎn)程喚醒”的技術(shù),可以使計(jì)算機(jī)在使用者不需要通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢索文獻(xiàn)的時(shí)候保持低耗能的模式?;萜臻_發(fā)了一個(gè)叫做自動(dòng)開關(guān)的新功能,可以不在工作狀態(tài)的打印機(jī)進(jìn)入休眠模式,一旦再次使用,又會(huì)不久地恢復(fù)到工作模式?;萜?023年生產(chǎn)的個(gè)人桌面激光打印機(jī)就已經(jīng)安裝了這項(xiàng)功能。惠普公司還將注意力優(yōu)先放在了制造材料上,他們生產(chǎn)的一款噴墨打印機(jī)就是由83%的回收塑料制造的。Expertssaythatkee(cuò)pingyouroldcomputeroutofthelandfillisbetterforthee(cuò)nvironmentthanbuyinganewone.專家表達(dá),就對(duì)環(huán)境的影響而言,對(duì)舊電腦再運(yùn)用,讓其避免流入垃圾場填埋比買臺(tái)新電腦更好。閱讀理解1、Whyarecomputermanufacturersconsideringdevelopinggreenerproducts?答案:Becausetheywanttomee(cuò)ttherequirementsofenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.2.Comparedtotheoldcomputer,thepriceofthegreenermachineis____.答案:Alittle/slightly/alittlebitmoreexpensive.3.Fromthethree(cuò)examples,Lenovo,IntelandHP,wecanknowthat___(dá)_.答案:Companieswanttostayaheadofenvironmentallegislat(yī)ionandtogetgoodimpressionfrom(gamerfavorwith)greeninvestors.Ontheotherhandtheyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhowanttosavetheirexpensesbecauseofhighenergyprice(或Withenergypriceshigh,theyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhoarelookingforwaystochipawayatexpenses).4.WhatisthefunctionofAuto-On/Auto-Off?答案:ItcanputinactiVeprintersintoaslee(cuò)pmodeandcanquicklypowerbackuponceusedagain.5.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?答案:Don'tthrowyouroldcomputerawayastrashinordertokeepthee(cuò)nvironmentclean.?第七篇CellPhones手機(jī)Whatwouldlifelooklikewithoutcellphones?Today'shottestsellingmobilephonesarenowloadedwithfeat(yī)uressuchasMP3musicplayers,TV,musicandwirelessphotoprinting.Cellphoneshavechangedsomuchinthepastfewyearsthatwitheverynewproductlaunchcomesanotherbigdilemmaforthecellularmanufacturerscl)Howdoyoucreat(yī)ethenextbighit?Howdoesthemanufacturerseparatethehitsfromthegimmicks,whiletryingtodecipherwhatcellphoneusersreallywantorneedinthenearfuture?Industryinsiderssaythemostpopularphoneswillhaveadvancedfunctionsthataresimpletocustomizeforindividualtastes.沒有手機(jī)的生活會(huì)變得怎么樣呢?今天暢銷的手機(jī)都有MP3播放器、電視、音樂、無線相片打印等功能。手機(jī)在過去幾年里的變化非常大,隨著每次新產(chǎn)品的問世,手機(jī)制造商們都會(huì)再次陷入苦惱之中。該怎么發(fā)明下一代人氣商品呢?制造商該如何做才干了解手機(jī)使用者們不久的將來真正想要的東西,并且區(qū)分暢銷與滯銷的產(chǎn)品呢?業(yè)內(nèi)人士指出最受歡迎的手機(jī)是具有可以簡樸地迎合顧客個(gè)人喜好的尖端功能的手機(jī)。Manufacturersbelievethatthesuccessofthecellphoneliesinthebuildinganddevelopmentofhigh-speednetworkstodeliverserviceslikevideo,musicandhighspeedIntemet.Whilethesenetworksarenowinoperation,theindustryinsidersareconsideringradicalredesignstophones,displaysandservicestoensurethenewfeaturesaresimpletouse.Suchdevelopments,combinedwithsoftwarethatallowsuserstocustomizetheircellphonebrowserforservicessuchassportsscoresornews,couldreplacePDAsandothergadgets.CellularcompaniesarealsobettingconsumerswillsoonusephonesforeverythingfromwatchingTVtostudyingandwritingschoolexams.Developersshouldnowconcentrat(yī)eondesigningexcitingnewlooksforphones,sincefewthingshavemoredirectinfluenceoveraconsumer'sficklebuyingbehaviorthantheemotionalresponsethattheshape,colororlookofaphoneevokes(2)制造商相信手機(jī)的成功取決于高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)建和開發(fā)以提供如影像或視頻、音樂、高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的服務(wù)。在這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營的同時(shí),業(yè)內(nèi)人士正在考慮將電話、顯示屏以及服務(wù)進(jìn)行徹底的重新設(shè)計(jì),使其新的功能使用簡化。這些開發(fā)產(chǎn)品結(jié)合了一種讓使用者可以在手機(jī)瀏覽器上定制體育比賽得分或新聞等服務(wù)的軟件,可以代替PDA(掌上電腦)和其它裝置。手機(jī)制造商確信,在不久的將來,消費(fèi)者將用手機(jī)完畢一切事務(wù),從看電視到學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)??荚?。開發(fā)商們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)集中精力設(shè)計(jì)外形更吸引人的新手機(jī),由于除了手機(jī)的外形、顏色或款式所引起的情緒反映外,還幾乎沒有別的東西對(duì)消費(fèi)者多變的購買行為起到更直接的影響。閱讀理解Whatarethefeaturesoftoday'smobilephones?答案:Theyareloadedwith(featuressuchas)MP3musicplayers,TV,musicandwirelessphotoprinting.What(yī)willmanufacturesfaceiftheyproduceanewproduct?答案:Theywillfaceabigdilemma.Whatshouldthemostpopularphoneshave?答案:Themostpopularphonesshouldhaveadvancedfunctionstocustomizeforindividualtastes.Whatwillpeopledowithcellphonesinthefuture?答案:PeoplewillusephonesforeverythingfromwatchingTVtostudyingandwritingschoolexams.5.Whydoesthewritermention"theemotionalresponse"inthelastsentence?答案:Becausehethinksthatitaffectscustomers'buyingbehavior.?第八篇TouchTech觸屏技術(shù)Formobiletouchtechnology,it'sonlythebeginning.AppleInc.'sphonerevolutionizedthemobilephonewitheasy-to-usetouch-screentechnologythatallowsuserstosurftheWeb,tapoutmessagesorcontrolanynumberofinventiveapplications.就移動(dòng)觸摸技術(shù)而言,現(xiàn)在只是剛剛開始。蘋果公司的電話產(chǎn)品使移動(dòng)電話行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了突破性變革,其便利的觸摸屏技術(shù)可以便于用戶瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)、發(fā)送短信或者掌控許多新奇應(yīng)用軟件。Developersareworkingonnewapplicat(yī)ionsfor"multi_touch-screens.Thesescreenscanprocesscommandstheusergiveswithmorethanonefinger,whichbroadensthepossibilitiesforapplicationc”.Otherdevelopersareworkingonadvancesin"haptic"feedback-vibrationsandotherphysicalsensationsthatarenowused,forinstance,toletagamerknowshe'sreachedanewlevel,butthatcanalsobeusedtocommunicat(yī)eemotionsandmaysoongiveatouch-screenkeyboardthefeelofaphysicalkeyboard(2)Andforthosewhostillprefertoworkwithkeysontheirphones,evensometraditionalkeyboardswillperformcertainfunctionsinresponsetotouchcommands.開發(fā)人員正致力于新“多觸點(diǎn)”屏幕的應(yīng)用研究。這些屏幕可以解決用戶用多手指同時(shí)給出的指令,這也增長了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)被應(yīng)用的也許性。其他開發(fā)人員正在研究“觸覺”反饋的升級(jí)技術(shù)——即現(xiàn)在所應(yīng)用的震動(dòng)和其它物理感知技術(shù),它們不僅可用來提醒游戲玩家已通過關(guān),也可以用來進(jìn)行情感交流,并且有也許不久就能使觸摸屏具有真實(shí)鍵盤的觸覺。對(duì)于那些更喜歡使用手機(jī)鍵盤的人來說,即便傳統(tǒng)的鍵盤也將能發(fā)揮與觸摸指令相相應(yīng)的功能。Softwaredeveloperssettoworkonmulti-touchapplications.Some,forinstance,allowuserstoplayvirtualmusicalinstrumentsonthephone.Butmulti-touchdevelopershavelargelyfocusedongames.軟件開發(fā)人員開始研發(fā)多觸點(diǎn)應(yīng)用軟件。例如,有些軟件可以使用戶在電話上彈奏虛擬樂器。但是多觸點(diǎn)開發(fā)人員重要以開發(fā)游戲?yàn)橹?。Haptictechnologyalreadyhasmanynon-mobileapplications.Invideogames,forinstance,itcangivegamersthesensat(yī)ionofactuallystee(cuò)ringacarthey'recontrollingonthescreen.Inmedicaltraining,itcanmakeprocedureslikeendoscopyperformedonasimulatorfeelreal,sothatmedicalpersonnelcandevelopabettersenseofhowtoperformthem.Theuseofhapticsinmobilephonesisstillinitsinfancy,butthewiderdeploymentofhapticenabledphoneswillopenthedoortonewapplications.觸覺技術(shù)已經(jīng)在非移動(dòng)領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。例如,在視頻游戲中,它可以讓游戲玩家感到自己仿佛真的在駕駛他們所控制的熒屏賽車。在醫(yī)療培訓(xùn)中,它可以讓在模擬器上操作的內(nèi)窺鏡檢測法等程序感覺異常真實(shí),從而使醫(yī)療人員能更自如地操作這些儀器。觸覺技術(shù)在手機(jī)方面的使用仍然處在初創(chuàng)階段,但是觸覺技術(shù)手機(jī)的廣泛運(yùn)用將為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)得以更多、更新的應(yīng)用開辟新的途徑。Fornow,atleastmanymobileusersprefertheaccuracyofaphysicalkeyboardratherthanat(yī)ouchscreen.Anewtechnologyisbeingdesignedtoallowthebestofbothworlds:akeyboardthatcanalsorespondtotouchcommands.目前看來,至少尚有許多手機(jī)用戶仍然偏愛物理鍵盤的準(zhǔn)確性,他們對(duì)觸摸屏并不十分感愛好。開發(fā)人員正在設(shè)計(jì)一項(xiàng)可以兼顧這兩種需求的新技術(shù):即可以同時(shí)回應(yīng)觸摸指令的物理鍵盤。閱讀理解WhydowesayApple'siPhoneisarevolution?答案:BecauseAppleisthefirsttodevelopanewtechnologycalledeasy-to-touch-screen.Whatistheadvantageofmulti-touchscreen?答案:Thescreenscanprocesscommandstheusergiveswithmorethanonefinger.Whatisthehapticfeedbacktechnology?答案:Itisvibrationsandphysicalsensations.Whatdogamersfeeliftheyusehaptictec

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