《中考寶典》2016廣東省中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)(語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn))課件：句子種類及其考點(diǎn)(共38張PPT)

句子種類中考語(yǔ)法句子概述 句子按其使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句；句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)又可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和主從復(fù)合句。考點(diǎn)分布1.句子種類（1）陳述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑問(wèn)句（一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句）（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）（4）感嘆句2.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型（1）主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)（2）主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞（3）主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)分布（4）主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)（5）主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)（6）therebe句型3.并列句4.主從復(fù)合句（1）賓語(yǔ)從句（2）狀語(yǔ)從句（3）定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)一簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類型及therebe句型句型例句1.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞Thegirlisstudyinghard.2.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)Heseemsverybusy.3.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)ShesentanE-mailtoherfriendyesterday.4.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)MymotherboughtmeaniPhone6.5.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Thenewsmadethemsurprised.6.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Thereisariverbehindourschool.考點(diǎn)梳理【考點(diǎn)精練】()1.There________agreatconcertinthetheaternextSaturdayevening. A.willbe B.willhave C.has D.isgoingtohave()2.Myparents________about1000yuanformyschooleducationeachyear. A.spendB.takeC.cost D.pay()3.—Willyouplease________usastory,MissGreen?—OK,shallI________itinEnglishorinChinese? A.tell;speak B.talk;speak C.tell;say D.talk;say()4.Whatdidthemanager________youto_______atthemeeting. A.tell;say B.ask;speak C.tell;speak D.ask;talkADCA考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)二陳述句說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。陳述句包括肯定句和否定句句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句略否定句1.否定謂語(yǔ)（常見）Idon’tthinkplayingtoomuchcomputergamesisgood.2.否定主語(yǔ)Nobodyknowswhyhedidn’tcometoschool.3.否定賓語(yǔ)Weknownothingaboutit.4.否定賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Ourteacheroftenusnottogiveupourdreams.5.否定狀語(yǔ)MypenwaslostandIcouldfinditnowhere.考點(diǎn)梳理將以下句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.We__________________eyeexerciseseveryday.6.Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.____________________wrongwiththeradio.7.Tomalwaysgoestobedattwelve.Tom___________________tobedattwelve.8.You’dbetterhelphimwithhismaths.You_____________________________helphimwithhismaths.【考點(diǎn)精練】定句變否定句口訣否定詞語(yǔ)加not，放在be和have后；其它要加動(dòng)詞do，do的后面加not；

時(shí)間、人稱由do變，動(dòng)詞原形總保留；謂語(yǔ)若是助詞多，not緊跟第一個(gè)。don’tdo Nothingis nevergoes hadbetternot考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)三疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的句子。包括一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)句類型解析例句一般疑問(wèn)句以be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開頭，用Yes或No來(lái)回答。Didyouhaveagoodtimeatschool?Canyoufinishyourworkontime?特殊疑問(wèn)句陳述句語(yǔ)序—針對(duì)主語(yǔ)（或修飾語(yǔ)）提問(wèn)Whosecarisunderthetree?特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序HowdoyoustudyEnglish?選擇疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句+or+一般疑問(wèn)句（省略結(jié)構(gòu)）Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?特殊疑問(wèn)句，+A+B？Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?考點(diǎn)梳理問(wèn)句類型解析例句反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短的一般疑問(wèn)句句式：前肯后否，前否后肯Hehastoleavenow,doesn’the?Hehasn’tbeenthere,hashe?句子含有no,never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,seldom等否定詞，后面用肯定Youhavenothingtotellme,doyou?Shehasfewmoneywithher,doesshe?當(dāng)前部分為祈使句，后面用willyou;而當(dāng)前面是Let’s開頭，后面用shallwe。Openthedoor,willyou?Let’shavearest,shallwe?Therebe句型當(dāng)中，后面句子主語(yǔ)用thereThereislittleintheglass,isthere?主從復(fù)合句以主句為主；但當(dāng)主句是I/wethink/believe/suppose時(shí)要以從句為主Shethinksshecandance,doesn’tshe?Ithinkheiswrongthistime,isn’the?考點(diǎn)梳理()9.—HaveyoueverseentheTVshowWhereAreWeGoing,DAD?—______.Ithinkit’squitemovingandfunny. A.Yes,Ihave B.No,Ihaven’t C.Yes,hehas D.No,shehasn’t()10.—__________willthefogandhaze

(霧霾)last?—I’venoidea.Thereisnosignofanend. A.Howsoon B.Howfar C.Howlong D.HowoftenAA【考點(diǎn)精練】考點(diǎn)梳理()11.—_______doyougotoWeifangTheatre?—Onceamonth. A.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howmuch D.Howlong()12.—_________areyougoingtotheSchoolUniformExhibition,Amy?—Tolearnaboutdifferentstylesofschooluniform. A.WhatB.WhereC.WhyD.WhichBC【考點(diǎn)精練】肯定句變一般疑問(wèn)句口訣

have和be提句首，其它助詞Do開頭。時(shí)間、人稱由do變，動(dòng)詞只把原形留。謂語(yǔ)助詞有幾個(gè)，第一助詞提句首?？键c(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)四祈使句

提出請(qǐng)求、建議或發(fā)出命令等。以動(dòng)詞原形開頭（否定形式在前面加Don’t），常在句首或句末加上please。如：Sitdown,please.Don’ttalkinclass.()13.—SorryI’mlate.—______tellmethebusbrokedownagain! A.Neverto B.Not C.Don’t D.No()14.—It’slate,Teresa.______earliernexttimeandyou’llhaveenoughtimetohavebreakfast.—OK,MuniI’llremember. A.Getup B.Gettingup

C.TogetupD.GotupCA考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)五感嘆句表示說(shuō)話人驚奇、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等情緒。類型解析例句以how引導(dǎo)How+形容詞/副詞+（主+謂）！Howcoldthedayis!Howquicklyheruns!以what引導(dǎo)What+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+（主+謂）！Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Whatbadweather(itis)!What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+（主+謂）！Whataninterestingstory(itis)!考點(diǎn)梳理()15._______weatheritistoday! A.Whathot B.Howhot C.Whatahot D.Howahot()16.—_________fantasticdocumentaryitis!—Doyoumeanthehotfilm“DiaoyuIsland—TheTruth”? A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata()17._______honestmanheis! A.What B.Whatan C.How D.Howan()18.—_________braveZhangHuais!—Yes.Hehelpedhisneighbor,MrsSunoutofthefire. A.WhataB.HowC.HowaD.WhatAD【考點(diǎn)精練】BB考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)六并列句 包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞and,or,but,so,yet,for或分號(hào)來(lái)連接，并列句在用法上互不依從，意義上卻有密切的關(guān)系。1.分句與分句之間的四種關(guān)系：（1）聯(lián)合關(guān)系；如：I’mspeakingandyouarelisteningtome.（2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；如：IhelphimwithhisEnglisheveryday,butheisstillbadatit.（3）選擇關(guān)系；如：Workharder,oryouwillfallbehindothers.（4）因果關(guān)系。如：Hegotuplatethismorning,sohewaslateforschool.考點(diǎn)梳理2.so+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)和so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞so+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于后面的人或物，意為“…也一樣”。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞可以是：be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。如：HecanspeakEnglish,socanI.Sheis14yearsold,soamI.Istudyhard,sodothey.其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)。so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，意為“的確如此，確實(shí)如此”，表示后者贊同前者的話或意見，只是進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)并重復(fù)前句所述內(nèi)容。前后句的主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人或物。如：—Hehasdoneagoodjob.—Sohehas.考點(diǎn)梳理()19.－IhavereadthebookSenseandSensibility.－________________.SohaveIB.NeitherhaveI C.SoIhaveD.SohasI()20.—Jackwenttoseethemanwhowasinhospitalyesterday.—__________. A.Sodidhe B.Sohedid C.Hedidso D.Didsohe()21.—WillyougotoPeter’spartythisSaturdayevening?—Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Ifyoudon’tgo,______.sowillI

B.neitherdoIC.neitherwillID.neitherIwill()22.—I’mnotgoingswimmingthisafternoon.—_______________.Ihavetohelpmymotherdosomecleaning. A.SoamI. B.SoIam. C.NeitheramI. D.NeitherIam.AB【考點(diǎn)精練】CC考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)七賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句，在句子中起名詞作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，在全句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。要注意賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素，即：連接詞、從句的時(shí)態(tài)和從句的語(yǔ)序。項(xiàng)別解析例句連接詞原句是陳述句—that（可以省略）Lilysays(that)themaninblackisournewteacher.原句是一般疑問(wèn)句—if/whetherDoyouknowifhewasborninChina?原句是特殊疑問(wèn)句—特殊疑問(wèn)詞Theteachersaskswherehelives.從句的語(yǔ)序陳述句語(yǔ)序即：連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它Nobodyknows.Willitraintomorrow?—Nobodyknowsifitwillraintomorrow.考點(diǎn)梳理項(xiàng)別解析例句從句的時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句任意時(shí)態(tài)Weallwanttoknowifshewillcometohelpus.主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句一般過(guò)去時(shí)Ididn’tknowwhenhewouldcomebackthenextday.從句過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Canyoutelluswhatyouweredoingyesterdaymorning?從句過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Iaskedtheteacherwherethemeetingwouldhave.從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)Shesaidshehadmissedtheschoolbus.注意的問(wèn)題1.從句如果表示客觀真理、客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，不管什么時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose等,而從句的意思是否定的,這時(shí)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式,從句用肯定式。1.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。2.Idon’tbelieveshecanfinishthework,canshe?我認(rèn)為她不能完成工作，能嗎？考點(diǎn)梳理()23.—Canyoutellme_____________?—Yes,it’sonXinhuaStreet. A.howcanIgettothebookstore B.wherethebookstoreis C.whereisthebookstoreD.whatisthebookstore()24.—Wehavenoidea_____.—It’sheardthatheisMr.Green’sson. A.wherehecomesfromB.ifdoeshelivehere C.whoheis D.whoishe()25.—Dad,canyoutellme_______totheamusementpark?—Thedayaftertomorrow.A.whenwearegoingB.whenwewentC.whenarewegoingD.whendidwegoBC【考點(diǎn)精練】A考點(diǎn)梳理()26.Theteacheraskedthestudents_____________. A.whytheearthwentaroundthesun B.whydoestheearthgoaroundthesun C.whytheearthgoesaroundthesunC【考點(diǎn)精練】

賓語(yǔ)從句用法口訣

賓語(yǔ)從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。

陳述句子用that；一般疑問(wèn)是否（if，whether）替；特殊問(wèn)句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問(wèn)詞。

二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意。主句若為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。三是語(yǔ)序要記清，從句永保陳述序?？键c(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)八定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：1.IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.(music是先行詞，that是關(guān)系代詞)2.HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.(man是先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,which,whose和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞是引導(dǎo)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中有三個(gè)作用：1.連接主從句；2.指代先行詞；3.在從句中充當(dāng)某一成分。用法見下表：考點(diǎn)梳理關(guān)系詞用法例句that既可以指人，又可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略Rosalikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheroadisourschool.Musicisthesubjectwhichheteachesus.who指人，常在從句中作主語(yǔ)Thegirlwhoworksintheofficeishissister.whom也指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，常省略Thegirlwhomyoumethereismydaughter.whose通常既指人也指物，在從句中通常作定語(yǔ)ThewatchwhosestrapisbrokenisTom’s.when指時(shí)間，在從句中通常作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedintheschool.where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中通常作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Thatisthehousewhereheusedtolive.考點(diǎn)梳理注意：下列情況下關(guān)系代詞只用that1.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等時(shí)。IhavesaidallthatIwanttosay.2.當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及thevery,theonly修飾時(shí)。如：ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.3.當(dāng)先行詞被all,little,much,some,any,no,every等詞修飾時(shí)。如：Thereislittleworkthatyoucando.4.先行詞既包括人，也包括物。如：Theyalwaysliketotalkaboutthemanandthethingsthattheyseeontheroad.5.當(dāng)主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如：Whoisthemanthatopenedupthelab.考點(diǎn)梳理()27.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehall________canhold300people? A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when()28.—HaveyouseenthedocumentarynamedABiteofChina《舌尖上的中國(guó)》?—Yeah!It’s

the

mostfunny

one

______

I

have

ever

seen. A.that B.what C.which

D.where()29.AfterMandelawasfree(自由的)in1990,hechosetoshakehandswiththepeople________wantedtokillhim. A.whose B.which C./ D.whoCA【考點(diǎn)精練】D考點(diǎn)梳理()30.Iwillneverforgettheday____wespentintheoldtownwithsmallhouses. A.whoB.whomC.that D.whatC【考點(diǎn)精練】考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)九狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語(yǔ)從句可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等意義。各類狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞（短語(yǔ)）一覽表：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,unless原因狀語(yǔ)從句as,because,since地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat,inorderthat結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句sothat,so…that,such…that讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though,although,evenif,however方式狀語(yǔ)從句as比較狀語(yǔ)從句than,(not)as…as考點(diǎn)梳理()31.－Henry,pleasecallusassoonasyou________Hawaii.－OK.I’lldothat,Mom. A.arrivein B.arearrivingin C.willarriveatD.arriveat()32.Amywasreadingabook_________Icamein. A.when B.while C.because D.thoughAA【考點(diǎn)精練】1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercameback.=WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mymothercameback.考點(diǎn)梳理2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句Youwillfallbehindyourclassmatesunlessyouworkharder.=Youwillfallbehindyourclassmatesifyoudon’tworkharder.注意：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（since除外）和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，即：主將從現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)梳理()33.—IwanttoknowifMaria_________usinthefashionshowtonight. —Ibelieveifshe________herhomework,shewilljoinus. A.joins;finishes B.willjoin;finishes C.joins;willfinish D.willjoin;willjoin()34.________youreadit,youcan’timaginehowmovingthestoryis. A.Unless B.Because C.AlthoughD.IfAB【考點(diǎn)精練】考點(diǎn)梳理3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句Sincewelivenearthesea,weenjoyniceweather.由于我們住在海邊，能享受到好的天氣。()35.Tonyneverspendsmoneyinbuyingbooks_______hedoesn’tlikereading. A.but B.because C.though D.until()36._______therearetoomanypeoplehere,_______wehavetofindanotherhouse. A.Because;so B.Though;but C.Since;/ D./;ifBC【考點(diǎn)精練】考點(diǎn)梳理4.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwherewecanallseeit.把它放在我們都能看到的位置。5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句Finishthissothatyoucanstartanother.把這個(gè)做完，你可以開始另一個(gè)。()37.—Susan,whataretheadvantagesofMP5players?—Mum,theyaresmallerandlighter_______theycanbecarriedveryeasily. A.unless B.if C.until D.sothatD【考點(diǎn)精練】考點(diǎn)梳理6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Hewas