高三英語一輪復習謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)復習講義

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一、時態(tài)的數(shù)軸的思維導圖考點一、現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時含義1)經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用。Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.在時間狀語從句(assoonas,when,before,after,not....until....等)、條件狀語從句(if,unless,aslongas...)中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Aslongasitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhaveatriponschedule.常用的時間狀語1）頻率副詞：often,usually,sometimes,always,seldom,hardly,never2）短語：every(day等),once/twicea(week等),on(Sunday等),inthe(morning等)，at(eight)，nowandthen，fromtimetotimeHeusuallygoestoschoolbybike.謂語動詞形式：do/does謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：am/is/aredoneInthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheU.S,the“r”soundsattheendofthewordsaredropped.練習：用所給單詞的適當形式填空Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_______(have)astronginfluenceonthedevelopmentofthechildren'scharacters.Ifyourcallisnotansweredwithintwominutes,you_______(advise)tohangupanddialagain.Wewillbelosingmoneythisyearunlessthatneweconomicplanofyours_________(work)miracle.It___________(turn)outthatmakingaplaniseasierthancarryingitout.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,__________(allow)morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.現(xiàn)在進行時1.定義1）表示說話時正在進行的動作及行為;2）表示現(xiàn)階段（近段時間）正在進行的動作。標志性時間詞1)以Look！或Listen！開頭的句子Look！Thechildrenareplayinggamesoverthere.Listen！Who'ssingingintheclassroom？當句子中有now（現(xiàn)在），atthemoment（此時此刻）,atthismoment（此時此刻）時常表示說話時動作正在進行WearereadingEnglishnow.Differentpeoplearedoingdifferentthingsatthemomentintheworld.3）當表明現(xiàn)在是幾點，某人正在做什么。It’s4:50.Wearehavingclass.謂語動詞形式：am/is/aredoing謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：am/is/arebeingdone練習：Becauseofclimatechange,theicethatpolarbearsdependonforsurvival_______(disappear)slowly.Anewbridge_____________(build)overtheQiantangRiveratthemoment.Thepricesofhouses_______(rise)becausethedemandofthembecomemoreandmoregreat.Ifacomputercrashes,youwilllosethefileyou_______(work)unlessyousaveitregularly.現(xiàn)在完成時含義表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，而且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.China’shigh-speedrailwayshavegrownfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.2)表示從過去某時開始而延續(xù)至今(可能還要延續(xù)下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.--Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?--Sorry,Ihaven'tplayedthepianoforyears.常用時間狀語副詞：already,not....yet,just,ever,never,recently，before=1\*GB3①just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后，表示“剛剛”Thetwoastronautshavejustreturnedfromthespacestation.②never表示否定,放在have/has后，表示“從未”HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.③ever用于疑問句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”，句型為:Have/Has＋主語＋ever＋過去分詞？“…曾經(jīng)……過嗎？”用于詢問某人過去的經(jīng)歷。Haveyoueverbeentothefarm？④before用于句末，表示“以前”Thewomanhasneverheardofthatbefore.⑤yet用于否定句或疑問句句末，表示“仍，還”，not...yet表示“仍未，還未”.—Hasthetrainarrivedyet?—No,notyet.⑥already用于肯定句,have/has之后或句末，表示“已經(jīng)”.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.Thetrainhasleftalready.⑦sofar用于句首或句末，表示“到目前為止，迄今為止”.Sofar,wehavevisitedthemoon.短語：uptonow,for/over+時間段，inthelast/past/recent+時間段,thesedays,since+時間點,since+時間段+ago，主句（現(xiàn)在完成時）+since+從句（一般過去時）Wehavelearnt500wordsthesedays.Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.3)固定句型=1\*GB3①Itis/hasbeen+時間段+since....自從...以來已經(jīng)...Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.=2\*GB3②It/That/Thisisthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat從句（現(xiàn)在完成時）ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.謂語動詞：have/hasdone謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：have/hasbeendoneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.ThesamestudieshavebeendoneinAsia.練習Duringthe60yearssincethefoundingoftheNewChina,we_______(go)throughmillionsofupsanddowns.ABritishresearchstudyshowsthat,globally,people'swalkingspeeds_______(increase)by10percentoverthelastdecade.Sofar,theShanghaiWorldExpo__________(prove)tobeagreatsuccessaspeopleexpected.IwonderwhyJenny_______(write)tousrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.ItisthefirsttimethattheSpanishplayerRafaelNadal____________(win)theU.S.OpenTennisChampionship.Uptonow,theHopeProject_______(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時含義表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)下去，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性。I'mtiredout.IhavebeenshoppingalltheafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.--Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?--ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.謂語動詞：have/hasbeendoing練習Theworldgoldprice_______(rise)forthelastfiveyears,whichisnowover1000dollarsperounce.ForfortyyearsJaneGoodall_______(help)therestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.考點二、過去時一般過去時定義1）表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2）有時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。Helefthomeathalfpastfiveyesterday.他昨天五點離開家的。LiMingalwayswenttoworkbybikeinthepast.過去李明總是騎自行車去上班。LinTaoleftforShanghaiat8:00yesterdaymorning.林濤昨天早上八點去上海了。Hewasilllastnight.昨晚他生病了。一般過去時的時間標志詞1.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday.2.lastweek/year/month/term…(簡稱last系列，last：上一個)3.twohoursago,threeyearsago,amomentago…(簡稱ago系列，ago:...之前)4.in/on+過去的年/月/日，如in1999,inApril,20055.justnow（剛才）,onceuponatime（從前）,longlongago,oneday…6.inthepast過去3.謂語動詞：did4.謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：was/weredone練習ChinesePremierWenJiabao_______(arrive)atCopenhagen,capitalofDenmark,onDec.16,2009Wednesdayevening,fortheongoingUNClimateChangeConference.EveryonewhosawStarWarssaidthatit_______(be)oneofthebestsciencefictionmoviesthathadeverbeenreleased.Theboy__________(catch)smokingacigartte.—I'mtoldthatyouareleavingforBeijing.—Who_______(say)so?過去進行時含義：在過去某一具體時刻正在進行的動作；過去某一時間段內(nèi)一直進行的動作。常用的時間狀語atthattime(在那時)，atthistimeyesterday(在昨天的這個時候)at6amyesterday（昨天上午6點），from6amto9pmlastSunday(上周日從上午6點到晚上9點)“過去進行時+when+一般過去時”的句子（當…時）等?！癢hen+一般現(xiàn)在時，過去進行時”“一般現(xiàn)在時+while+過去進行時”“過去進行時+while+過去進行時”HewaswatchingTVatthattime.WhenIgothome,mymotherwascooking.MyparentsweremakingdumplingswhenIgothomeyesterdayevening.—IsawMr.Smithintheofficeattenyesterdaymorning.—Thatisimpossible.HewashavinganEnglishpartywithusthen.謂語動詞：was/weredoing謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：was/werebeingdoneWhliethiswasbeingdone,thetwobucketswereleftstandingtogethernearthewell.練習—What'sthematter,Sara?Youwearasadlookonyourface.—Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,Ijust_______(think)ofmyfriendsbackhome.IcalledAlicemanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn'tgetthrough.Herbrother_______(talk)onthephoneallthetime!Unfortunately,whenIgotthereshejust_______(leave),soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.Thisbridge_____________(build)atthistimelastyear.WhenBillGatesdecidedtostopschoolingandcreatedMicrosoftin1975,he_______(study)lawatHarvardUniversity.過去完成時含義表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過去的過去ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.常用時間狀語by+過去的時間/bythen固定句型：It/This/Thatwasthe+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句（過去完成時）Thiswasthefirsttimethattheyhadevermet.hardly...when和nosooner...than....這兩個句型中，主句均用過去完成時Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenthematchstarted.Ihadhardlyansweredtheteacherwhenheinterruptedme.謂語動詞：haddone謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：hadbeendoneTheroomhadbeencleanedwhenIcamein.練習Mygrandfatherwasafraidofleavingtheonlyhomethey_______(know)forthepast60years.Wifehardly_______(prepare)abigdinnerwhenHusbandwasawareoftheireighthweddinganniversarythatday.Ourmonitor,whobythen_______(gain)admissiontoFudanUniversity,decidedtodosomepart-timejobstogainmorepracticalexperience.Accordingtoahousingresearchorganization,thehousepriceinChina__________(rise)toitshighpointbytheendoflastyear.Bytheendoflastmonth,allthework_____________(do).過去將來時含義立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.Shesaidshewasgoingtostartoffatonce.謂語動詞：woulddo或者was/weregoingtodo謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：wouldbedone和was/weregoingtobedoneItwassaidthattheywouldbeselectedbylottery.Theyannouncedthattheflightwouldbedelayed.練習USsecretaryHilaryClintonsaidrecentlythatshe__________(retire)soontoenjoyprivatelife.Hesaidhe___________(wait)forusatthestation.考點三、將來時一般將來時定義將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。時間標志詞tomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuturenext......系列（下一個...）:nexthour,nextday,nextweek,nextyear,nextterm,nexttimein+時間段（...之后）：in10years,intwodays,intwentyminutessoon（不久，立刻）謂語動詞：willdo或者am/is/aregoingtodo或者am/is/areabouttodo謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)：willbedone或者am/is/arefoingtobedoneHisnamewillbewrittendowninhistory.Ifwedon’tkeepbringingthistotheattentionofthepeople,nothingwillbedone.有些瞬間動詞，如：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等,可以用現(xiàn)在進行時表示短暫的將來。如：—Tom,dinnerisready.—I'mcoming,Mum.Theplaneisarriving.Iamleaving.練習I'msurethatyourletter_______(get)immediateattention.Theyknowyou'rewaitingforthereply.Thebridge___________(build)nextyear.StandingonthetopoftheOrientalPearlTower,you_______(have)agoodbird's-eyeviewofShanghaicity.Afterthistime,tests_____________(do)everyfiveyears.將來進行時含義將來某一具體時間正在進行的動作Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeattendingaclassatthattime.謂語動詞：willbedoing總結(jié)1主動語態(tài)：）（do為例）時態(tài)一般時進行時完成時完成進行時現(xiàn)在(1)do(5)bedoing(9)havedone(13)havebeendoing過去(2)did(6)bedoing(10)haddone(14)hadbeendoing將來(3)willdo(7)willbedoing(11)willhavedone(15)willhavebeendoing過去將來(4)woulddo(8)wouldbedoing(12)wouldhavedone(16)wouldhavebeendoing2被動語態(tài)高考真題一、單句語法填空1.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat______(be)previouslyunprotected,2.Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.3.Henry__________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.4.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly__________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.5.Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.6.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___________(address)theopeningceremony.7.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane_____（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.8.ButCobbandothers________（be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and________（change）theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.9.OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists__________（promise）toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.10.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit________（be）forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.11.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto___________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.12.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).13.We____________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.14.Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,_________（prove）irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.15.Mary'sniecewrote,"Thelittlehome_________（paint）white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.16.AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand_______（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.17.Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25(consider)healthy.18.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.19.Asit________(connect)things，yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．20.There__________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causinglargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.21.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.22.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_______(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon_________(construct)”.23.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers______(carry)specialsignificance.24.Theartistwassurehewould___________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.25.Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand___________(point)downtheriver.26.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,______(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.27.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic______(call)galleriesorrooms.28.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection______(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.29.OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood(play)abigroleinhislife.30.