Unit4 transportation and distribution物流專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 配送

Unit4TransportationandDistributionText1TransportationModeDialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsText2DistributionManagementDialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentText1TransportationMode【Para1】Whatistransportation（什么是運(yùn)輸？）

Everyfirmrequiresthemovementofgoodsfromthepointtoanotherpoint.Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromapointoforigintoapointofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.Transportationisoneofthemostsignificantareasoflogisticsmanagement.Railway,road,waterway,air,andpipelinetransportationmakeupthemajormodesoftransportinmodernsociety.Eachmodehasitsownrequirementsandfeatures.Inthefollowingparagraphswelookatsomeofthedifferentcharacteristicsofeachtransportmode.Text1TransportationMode【Para2】RailwayTransportation（鐵路運(yùn)輸）

Railofferscost-effectivetransportoflargequantitiesofcargosoverlongdistance.Itisespeciallygoodforcargoeswithhighvolumeandlowvalue,suchascoal,timberandgrain.Overthepastyearsrailusagehasdeclinedasroadtransporthastakenovershorthaulbusinessandwatertransporthastakenbulkcommoditiesfreight.Railtransportisoneofthemostenergyefficientmodesoflandtransport.Environmentalandsafeconsiderationalsofavorrailoverroadtransport.Text1TransportationModeHowever,themajordisadvantagesofrailwayaretheinherentinflexibilityofoperation,fixedtimeschedulesandservicefromterminaltoterminal.Text1TransportationMode【Para3】RoadTransportation（公路運(yùn)輸）

Roadtransportiswidelyusedininlanddeliveryofgoods.Thismodetendstobeusedforhigher-valueandlower-volumecargooverrelativelyshortdistance.Itiscapableofprovidingadoortodoorservice.Ithasnotanybreakinthejourneytochangefromonevehicletoanother.Soitcanbeflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”delivery.Anyworkplaceinthecountrycanbeservicedbyroad.Text1TransportationModeTheadvantagesofroadtransportareflexibilityofbothlocationandtimeandspeedofdelivery.Withthedevelopmentofroadtransport,newtypesofproblem,suchasasignificantgrowthoffuelconsumption,airpollution,trafficcongestionandroadaccidentshaveemerged.Text1TransportationMode【Para4】WaterwayTransportation（水路運(yùn)輸）

Waterwaytransportationincludesmaritimeandrivertransportation.Astheoldestmodeoftransport,waterwayhasdevelopedconsiderablyoverthelastdecades.Waterwayisutilizedforlargeloadsoflow-value-per-unitgoods.Thecarriersarespecializedforinternalriver,canaltransport,andinternationaldeep-seaships.Text1TransportationModeItisthecheapestmethodofmovinggoodsworldwide.Themainadvantageofshippingindustryliesinmovingthevastquantitiesofcargoinoneship.Themaindisadvantageisthespeedoftheshipwhichisveryslowly.Text1TransportationMode【Para5】AirTransportation（航空運(yùn)輸）

Airtransporthasbeenincreasedtremendouslyandplaysamoreimportantroleingloballogisticsthaneverbefore.Airtransportaccountsforthesmallestproportionofcargotransportation.Itsgrowthrateinrecentyearsisthehighestamongthemodesoftransport.Itoffersrapidandflexibledelivery.Themajoradvantageofairfreightisthespeedoftravel.Thelongerthedistanceoftheflight,thegreaterthetimesavingofthecustomer.Airtransportisprimarilyusedfor:Text1TransportationModeEmergencytransportofthecriticalitemsSpeedytransportofhigh-value,low-weightproductsSpeedytransportofperishableitemsText1TransportationMode【Para6】PipelineTransportation（管道運(yùn)輸）

Thebasicnatureofpipelineisuniqueincomparisontoallothermodesoftransport.Pipelinesoperateonatwenty-four-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek.Pipelineroutesarepracticallyunlimited.Pipelinesareusuallyusedtotransitnaturalgas,petroleumandcoal.Text1TransportationModeNewWordsandPhrasesmovementn.移動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)originn.生產(chǎn)地，原產(chǎn)地consumptionn.消費(fèi)significantadj.重大的，有意義的requirementn.需求，需要featuren.特點(diǎn)，特征characteristicn.特性，特征Text1TransportationModecoaln.煤timbern.木材grainn.糧食，谷物hauln.拖拉，運(yùn)輸bulkadj.大批的，散裝的environmentaladj.環(huán)境的inflexibilityn.不變性schedulen.

時(shí)間表terminaln.終點(diǎn)站，終端Text1TransportationModevehiclen.車輛，交通工具pollutionn.污染congestionn.堵塞，阻塞emergev.顯現(xiàn)，形成maritimeadj.海運(yùn)的，海上的canaln.運(yùn)河tremendouslyadv.非常的，驚人的proportionn.部分，比例emergencyn.緊急情況，緊急事件Text1TransportationModeperishableadj.

新鮮的，易腐爛的petroleumn.

石油rawmaterial原材料productionprocess生產(chǎn)線finishedgoods成品cost-effective經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的doortodoorservice門到門運(yùn)輸服務(wù)incomparisonto與…比較Text1TransportationModeNotes1．Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromapointoforigintoapointofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.

運(yùn)輸是指從生產(chǎn)地到消費(fèi)地的物理性移動(dòng)。具體包括了原材料運(yùn)到生產(chǎn)線以及產(chǎn)成品運(yùn)到消費(fèi)者。Text1TransportationMode2．Overthepastyearsrailusagehasdeclinedasroadtransporthastakenovershorthaulbusinessandwatertransporthastakenbulkcommoditiesfreight.

近些年來(lái)，隨著公路主要從事短途業(yè)務(wù)及水路主要從事大批量的散貨運(yùn)輸，鐵路的業(yè)務(wù)量逐年呈下降趨勢(shì)。Text1TransportationMode3．Soitcanbeflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”delivery.

所以公路運(yùn)輸足夠靈活，完成準(zhǔn)時(shí)制服務(wù)。4．Theadvantagesofroadtransportareflexibilityofbothlocationandtimeandspeedofdelivery.

公路運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)是位置、時(shí)間和交貨速度上的靈活性。Text1TransportationMode5．Waterwayisutilizedforlargeloadsoflow-value-per-unitgoods.

水運(yùn)主要適用于單位價(jià)值較低的大批量貨物。6．Thelongerthedistanceoftheflight,thegreaterthetimesavingofthecustomer.

飛行的距離越長(zhǎng)，客戶節(jié)約的時(shí)間就越多。Text1TransportationMode7．Speedytransportofperishableitems

新鮮貨物的快速運(yùn)輸8．Thebasicnatureofpipelineisuniqueincomparisontoallothermodesoftransport.

與其他運(yùn)輸方式相比，管道運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)獨(dú)特。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions(ThefollowingisaconversationbetweentheMr.Lin,theclerkinalogisticscompanyandAmy,acustomerofthecompany.)Amy：Iamgladwehavesettledthetermsofpayment,Mr.Lin.Whenistheearliestshipmentyoucanmake?Lin：Itusuallytakesustwomonthstodelivery,andforaspecialorder,ittakesalittlelonger,threemonths.Youknowweshouldgetthegoodsready,makeoutthedocumentsandbookshippingspace.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：Whenistheexactshippingdate?Lin：WecanmakepromptshipmentbytheendofJune.Amy：IamafraidthedateofshipmentwouldbelateforusLin：Themanufacturersarefullycommitted.Theyhavenostockonhand.Amy：Butpromptshipmentisofgreatimportanceforus.Lin：Isee.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：Afterthearrivaloftheshipment,theflowofthegoodsthroughthemarketingchanneltakesatleasttwoorthreeweeksbeforethegoodscanreachus.Lin：Well,Isee.Wewillcontactthefactoryandseeiftheycanmanagetoadvancedeliverybyamonth.Amy：Thatwillbeexcellent.Lin：Howaboutpartialshipment?Wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeetyoururgentneedinsteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready.Iproposethatwecanmakedeliveryof50percentofgoodsinMarchandbalanceinearlyApril.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：YourproposalisworkableLin：Anotherproblemistheshippingspace.Evenwehadthegoodsready,IdonotthinkwecouldshiptheminMarch.Amy：Iknowthereisagreatdemandonshippinglately.Lin：IwasinformedthatlinerspaceforChangChenghasbeenfullybookeduptotheendofMarch.Amy：Maybetrampsarestillavailable.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsLin：Anyhowwewilltry.WewillaskChinaShippingCo.,Ltdtomeetourneeds.Amy：Incaseyoushouldfailtoeffectdeliverywithinthestipulatedtime,weshouldhavetodeclareaclaimagainstyouforthelossandreservetherighttocancelthecontract.Amy：Weknowthat.Iassureyoutheshipmentwillbeeffectedintime.Lin：Thankyouforyourcooperation.Amy：Notatall.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsNewWordsandPhrasessettlev.安排，解決documentn.文件，單證promptadj.迅速的，立即的commitv.委托，從事balancen.余額，剩下的effectv.實(shí)現(xiàn)，履行Stipulatev.指定，規(guī)定，約定Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionstrampn.不定期租船termsofpayment支付條款partialshipment分批裝運(yùn)shippingspace艙位declareaclaim索賠Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsNotes1．Youknowweshouldgetthegoodsready,makeoutthedocumentsandbookshippingspace.

你知道，我們需要時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備貨物，制作單證，預(yù)定艙位。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions2．Wewillcontactthefactoryandseeiftheycanmanagetoadvancedeliverybyamonth.

我們將聯(lián)系工廠，并看一下他們是否能提前一個(gè)月裝運(yùn)。3．IwasinformedthatlinerspaceforChangChenghasbeenfullybookeduptotheendofMarch.

我接到通知“長(zhǎng)城”號(hào)輪的班輪艙位在3月底前已被全部預(yù)定完畢。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions4．Incaseyoushouldfailtoeffectdeliverywithinthestipulatedtime,weshouldhavetodeclareaclaimagainstyouforthelossandreservetherighttocancelthecontract.

如果你們不能在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)裝運(yùn)，我們將針對(duì)損失提出索賠，并保留取消合同的權(quán)力。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions

Tips：1．Whatwouldbeyourearliestdeliverydate?2．Ithinktheearliestshipmentwecanmakeis...3．Promptshipmentisveryimportanttous.4．Wetryourbesttoadvanceshipment,butwecannotcommitourselves.5．Thelastthingwewanttodoistopostponethedeliverydate.6．Itwillbebettertoshipthemallatonetimesothatwecouldn’tmissthesalesseason.7．Ifyouareinurgentneedofthegoods,wesuggestthatyouallowpartialshipment.8．Iassureyoutheshipmentwillbeeffectedintime.Exercise多式聯(lián)運(yùn)__________transportation貨運(yùn)標(biāo)志__________marks運(yùn)輸模式transportation______鐵路運(yùn)輸_______transport冷藏拖車__________trailers中轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸_________transport運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用____________costs物流運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Logisticstransportation__________ExerciseTransportprovidesflexibilityandexistsnotonlyasalinkbetweenthedifferentelementsofthesupplychain,butalsorawmaterialstoprocessingplant,distributionoffinishedgoodstowholesalersandretailers.運(yùn)輸所提供的便利不僅僅存在于供應(yīng)鏈各個(gè)因素之間的連接，還存在于從原材料到加工工廠，以及產(chǎn)品到批發(fā)商及零售商的配送之中。Thetransportdecisiononmodalchoiceisaverycomplexmatterandrelativeeffectofcostsshouldnotbeunder-estimated.運(yùn)輸模式的選擇是一件非常復(fù)雜的事情，相關(guān)的成本影響不能被低估。ExerciseBasedontherealityofchainenterpriseanddistributioncentreinChina,thispaperdiscussesthedevelopmentstrategyandthedistributionmodelabouttheregionaldistributioncentreofchainenterprises.本文從中國(guó)連鎖企業(yè)和配送中心發(fā)展的實(shí)際出發(fā)，對(duì)我國(guó)連鎖企業(yè)區(qū)域性配送中心的發(fā)展策略和配送模式進(jìn)行了探討。Warehousesfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.倉(cāng)庫(kù)運(yùn)用最低的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本來(lái)滿足裝運(yùn)需求，配送中心利潤(rùn)最大化的同時(shí)履行客戶送貨需求。Text2DistributionManagement【Para1】WhatistheDistributionCenter?（什么是配送中心？）

Distributioncenterisalogisticslink.Itsmainfunctionistocarryonphysicaldistribution.Indetail,itisalargeandautomatedcenterdestinedtoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,takeorder,fillthemefficiently,anddelivergoodstocustomersontime.Text2DistributionManagement【Para2】ThedifferencebetweenDistributionCentersandWarehouses（配送中心和倉(cāng)庫(kù)的區(qū)別）

Unlikeawarehouse,however,it’semphasisisonthemovingofgoodsratherthanonlong-termstoragecenter.Itislocatedclosetoamajormarket.Itcanachievetotherapidprocessingofordersandshipmentofgoodtocustomers.Thedifferencesindetailareasfollows:Text2DistributionManagement

Warehouses(Ws)handlemostproductsinreceiving,storingandshipping;whiledistributioncenters(DCs)handlemostproductsinreceiving,picking,packagingandshipping.Wsperformaminimumofvalue-addedactivities(receive-store-shipgenerallyinoriginalforms),whileDCsperformagreatdealofvalue-addedactivities,e.g.,finalassembly.Wscollectdatainbatches(generallyreceiveandshipgoodsinbatches),whileDCscollectdatainrealtime.Text2DistributionManagement

Wsstoreallproducts(sloworfastmoving),whileDCsholdpredominantlyhighdemanditems.Wsfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.Text2DistributionManagement【Para3】OperationFlowofDistributionCenter（配送中心的運(yùn)作流程）

Therearesevenstepsofoperationflowinthedistributioncenter.Goodsconsolidation：Itreferstoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers.Storage：Itreferstokeepthegoodsinthewarehouses.Text2DistributionManagementOrderPicking：Itreferstopickupthedestinedgoodsaccordingtotheorders.Purchase：Itreferstomakeorderswiththesuppliers.Orderfill：Itreferstofilltheorders.Sorting：Itreferstoputthegoodsintoseparatedpackageaccordingtotheorder.Distribution：Itreferstodispatchthegoodsinthespecifictransportationmode.Text2DistributionManagement【Para4】CostofDistribution（配送成本）

Distributionisanimportantaspectofacompany’smarketingandproductioneffortandthecostsofdistributionbearonthefinaldeliveredcostofanyproduct.Transportationcosts：Themostusedmodeoftransportationishighwaymotortransport.Butthecostofthismodeisrelativelyhigh.Changingthelocationandthenumberofwarehouseschangetransportationcostsinunanticipatedandcomplexways.Text2DistributionManagement

Storagecosts：Toprovidecustomerservicethroughthecompany’schosenchannelsofdistribution,somewarehousingisrequired.Thekeepingofstocksgivesrisetocosts.Costsofproduction：Itvariesbetweenlocations,withthelevelofinvestmentandwiththevolumeofoutput.Productiondecisionsmusttakeaccountofdistributioncosts.Text2DistributionManagement

Communicationsanddataprocessingcosts：Itvarieswiththecomplexityofthedistributionfunctionandoperation.Thisincludesthelevelofcustomerserviceprovided,orderprocessing,inventorycontrolandtransportdocumentation.Text2DistributionManagementNewWordsandPhraseslinkn.

連接點(diǎn)destinev.

預(yù)定，指定suppliern.供給者，供應(yīng)商efficientadj.有效率的，最經(jīng)濟(jì)的emphasisn.強(qiáng)調(diào)，重點(diǎn)collectv.集合，收集predominantlyadv.壓倒性的，主要的Text2DistributionManagementconsolidationn.聯(lián)合，配貨sortv.分類，分揀separatev.分離，隔離dispatchv.派遣，發(fā)送anticipatev.預(yù)期，預(yù)料complexadj.復(fù)雜的，合成的complexityn.復(fù)雜性documentationn.文件，單證Text2DistributionManagementvalue-added增值inbatches分批地，成批地realtime實(shí)時(shí)orderpicking訂單揀選orderfill訂單履行g(shù)iveriseto導(dǎo)致，引起Text2DistributionManagementNotes1．Indetail,itisalargeandautomatedcenterdestinedtoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,takeorders,fillthemefficiently,anddelivergoodstocustomersontime.

具體的說(shuō)，配送中心是一個(gè)大型的自動(dòng)化中心,它從工廠和供應(yīng)者手中接受貨物,接受訂單，有效執(zhí)行定單,并將貨物準(zhǔn)時(shí)送給客戶。Text2DistributionManagement2．Wsperformaminimumofvalue-addedactivities(receive-store-shipgenerallyinoriginalforms),whileDCsperformagreatdealofvalue-addedactivities,e.g.,finalassembly.

倉(cāng)庫(kù)處理極少的增值物流活動(dòng)，然而配送中心處理大量的增值活動(dòng)，例如，產(chǎn)品終端裝配。3．DCscollectdatainrealtime.

配送中心收集處理實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。Text2DistributionManagement4．Wsfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.

倉(cāng)庫(kù)運(yùn)用最低的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本來(lái)滿足裝運(yùn)需求，配送中心利潤(rùn)最大化的同時(shí)履行客戶送貨需求。Text2DistributionManagement5．Itreferstopickupthedestinedgoodsaccordingtotheorders.

根據(jù)訂單收集指定貨物。6．Itreferstoputthegoodsintoseparatedpackageaccordingtotheorder.

根據(jù)訂單將貨物進(jìn)行不同的包裝。Text2DistributionManagement7．Itreferstodispatchthegoodsinthespecifictransportationmode.

將貨物按指定的運(yùn)輸方式發(fā)送貨物。8．Changingthelocationandthenumberofwarehouseschangetransportationcostsinunanticipatedandcomplexways.

改變倉(cāng)庫(kù)的位置和數(shù)目會(huì)以一種無(wú)法預(yù)料且極其綜合的方式改變運(yùn)輸成本。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment(ThefollowingisaconversationbetweentheMr.Gong,theclerkinaninternationallogisticscompanyandMary,acustomerofthecompany.)Gong：Speakingofyourorder,No156,MissMary,I’mafraidwecan’tshipthewholelotatonetime.Mary：Why?Isthereanythingwrongwithmyorder?Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Asfarasyourorderisconcerned,everythingisallright.Onlyit’sdifficultforustogetsomanygoodspreparedwithinsuchashortperiod.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentMary：Whatdoyouproposedoing?Youarenotgoingtoadvisemetocanceltheorder,areyou?Gong：No.Ionlyproposethatpartialshipmentbeallowed.Mary：Butourcustomersareinurgentneedofthesegoods.Soitwillbebettertoshipthemallatonce.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：MissMary,maybeyouarenotclearaboutmypointyet.Itisinyourownintereststhatweputforwardsuchaproposal.Ifpartialshipmentisallowed,insteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready,wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeettheurgentneedofyourend-users.Mary：Oh,Isee.InthatcaseIagreetopartialshipment.Howdoyouwantthegoodsdivided?Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Forthoseitemsthataresmallinsizeandlightinweight,wesendthemviaairfreight.It’llbeallrighttoshipotherordinaryandlargesizeditemsbysea.Mary：Pleasebyallmeansguaranteethedateofshipmentsothatwewouldn’tmissthesalesseason.Gong：WecanassureyouthattheshipmentofyourorderwillbeeffectedinJuneatthelatest.Thereisnoneedtoworry.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentMary：Bytheway,wedohopeyoucanmakeadirectshipment.Gong：We’lldowhatwecan.Incasethereisnodirectshipment,willyouconsiderallowingtransshipment?Mary：I’mafraidnot.Youknow,Mr.Gong,transshipmenttakesmuchmoretime.What’smore,therearerisksofdamagetothegoodsduringtransshipment.Ihopeyouwilltrysomeotherway.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Howaboutthisthen?I’llcontacttheshippingcompanyagainandaskthemtomakedeliveryhalfamonthinadvance.Thiswillensuretheconsignmenttoreachyourportintimeforyourcustomers’needs.Mary：That’smarvelous!Makedeliveryhalfamonthinadvance,andI’llagreetoyoursuggestion.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentNewWordsandPhrasesurgentadj.緊急的，迫切的dividev.分割，分類viaprep.

經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過(guò)guaranteev.

保證，承諾transshipmentn.

轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，轉(zhuǎn)船damagen.

損失，損害consignmentn.委托，運(yùn)送之貨物Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentpartialshipment分批裝運(yùn)end-user最終用戶inadvance提前Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentNotes1．Itisinyourownintereststhatweputforwardsuchaproposal.

我們提出這一建議正是為了您的利益。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment2．Ifpartialshipmentisallowed,insteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready,wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeettheurgentneedofyourend-users.

如果允許分批裝運(yùn)，我們就可以手頭有多少貨發(fā)多少貨，滿足貴方用戶的急需，而不必等到全部貨物備妥才發(fā)運(yùn)。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment3．Thiswillensuretheconsignmenttoreachyourportintimeforyourcustomers’needs.

這將確保貨物及時(shí)到達(dá)貴方港口以應(yīng)客戶需要。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment

Tips：1.Onexamination,15caseswerefoundtobebadlydamaged.2．Wehavetoclaimonyoufor...3．Weregretbeingunabletoacceptyourclaimbecausethecasewereinperfectconditionwhenthegoodswereloaded.4．Accordingtothesurveyor’sreport,thedamageiscausedbyimproper...Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment5．Weshalltrytomakeupthelossyousustained.6．Themistakeisonourside.We’llarrangetosendyoureplacementatonceandwe’vealsopreparedtomeetyourclaim.7.We’vealreadytoldyouthatthisisacaseofForceMajeure.It’sexemptfromclaim.8.Wehopealldisputescanbesettledbynegotiation.Exercise配送中心是一個(gè)把完成物資配送作為其主要功能的物流結(jié)點(diǎn)。Distributioncentreisalogisticslinktofulfillphysicaldistributionasitsmainfunction.航空運(yùn)輸具有速度上的優(yōu)勢(shì)。Airtransporthastheadvantageofspeed.Exercise運(yùn)輸是指貨物在不同地點(diǎn)之間的物理性移動(dòng)。Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromonepointtoanotherpoint.隨著國(guó)際貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展，運(yùn)輸設(shè)施得到了大大改善以滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的需求。Withtherapiddevelopmentofinternationaltrade,transportationfacilitieshavegreatlyimprovedtomeetthedemand.ExerciseCaseStudy1:海運(yùn)是最常見的運(yùn)輸方式Tom:早上好，比爾。我在把我的貨物運(yùn)送到國(guó)外的問(wèn)題上遇到了麻煩，這是我第一次跨國(guó)交易。你能告訴我，我該怎么做才能使得我的利潤(rùn)最高嗎？Bill：不要著急。剛開始你可以考慮運(yùn)輸方式，然后就試著找一個(gè)好的運(yùn)輸公司或者貨運(yùn)代理。Tom：當(dāng)然，我們正在考慮這個(gè)。但是哪種運(yùn)輸是最好的呢？Bill：總的來(lái)說(shuō)，海運(yùn)是最常見的。在中國(guó)和大多數(shù)外國(guó)國(guó)家，如果你的貨物很多而且目的地很遠(yuǎn)的話，這是所有運(yùn)輸中最便宜的。Tom：哦，這就是為什么很多公司選擇海運(yùn)作為他們貨物的傳送方式了。ExerciseBill：是啊，但是海運(yùn)的程序很麻煩，所以很多的公司選擇不親自去談細(xì)節(jié)，而是拜托給代理商。Tom：你能為我分析一下其他運(yùn)輸方式嗎？Bill：火車通常用來(lái)運(yùn)輸量大、低價(jià)值的、長(zhǎng)距離的產(chǎn)品。卡車可以停在一個(gè)城市的任何地方并且交付的貨物可直接進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。一旦裝車完成可立即出發(fā)。Tom：空運(yùn)呢？Bill：空運(yùn)是最快的，但是有些貴。但是把速度考慮進(jìn)去，它會(huì)很有效。食品和一些緊急物資通常被選擇用飛機(jī)運(yùn)輸。Tom：謝謝你，你提醒我很多東西。ExerciseCaseStudy2:配送中心與倉(cāng)庫(kù)的區(qū)別Jack:早上好，Tom。我有件事情想請(qǐng)教您，可以嗎？Tom：當(dāng)然可以。Jack：倉(cāng)庫(kù)和配送中心的區(qū)別是什么？Tom：與倉(cāng)庫(kù)不同的，配送中心強(qiáng)調(diào)的是貨物的運(yùn)輸而非長(zhǎng)期的儲(chǔ)存。它是一個(gè)短期的存儲(chǔ)中心，接近主要市場(chǎng)，為訂單的快捷處理和向客戶送貨提供方便。Jack：我知道倉(cāng)庫(kù)通過(guò)接收、存儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)輸和分揀四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)處理大部分物品。那么配送中心呢？Tom：配送中心通過(guò)接收和運(yùn)輸兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)