關(guān)于寫作教學(xué)的幾點(diǎn)思考與做法玉環(huán)中學(xué)許玲

關(guān)于寫作教學(xué)的幾點(diǎn)思考與做法---玉環(huán)中學(xué)許玲從評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看寫作教學(xué)方向根據(jù)寫作方向確定教學(xué)重點(diǎn)寫前指導(dǎo)寫后講評(píng)書面表達(dá)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(第五檔)很好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)；按要求寫出了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯選用恰當(dāng)、豐富;語言錯(cuò)誤極少；有效采用不同的連接手段，層次清楚；格式和語域恰當(dāng)；完全達(dá)到與目標(biāo)讀者交流的目的。一、從評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看寫作教學(xué)方向書面表達(dá)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(第五檔)很好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)；按要求寫出了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯選用恰當(dāng)、豐富;語言錯(cuò)誤極少；有效采用不同的連接手段，層次清楚；格式和語域恰當(dāng)；完全達(dá)到與目標(biāo)讀者交流的目的。2.

內(nèi)容:主題明確、要點(diǎn)齊全;書面表達(dá)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(第五檔)很好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)；按要求寫出了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯選用恰當(dāng)、豐富;語言錯(cuò)誤極少；有效采用不同的連接手段，層次清楚；格式和語域恰當(dāng)；完全達(dá)到與目標(biāo)讀者交流的目的。3.語言:準(zhǔn)確、地道、豐富、得體;

語域是語言使用的場合或領(lǐng)域的總稱。英國語言學(xué)家M.A.K.Halliday將語域定義為，語言變體可以按照使用的情況劃分為語域。語言使用的領(lǐng)域的種類很多，例如：新聞廣播、演說語言、廣告語言、課堂用語、辦公用語、家常談話、與幼童談話、與外國人談話、口頭自述等。在不同的領(lǐng)域使用的語言會(huì)有不同的語體。4.思維:觀點(diǎn)深刻、邏輯清晰（段落、句與句之間)書面表達(dá)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(第五檔)很好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)；按要求寫出了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯選用恰當(dāng)、豐富;語言錯(cuò)誤極少；有效采用不同的連接手段，層次清楚；格式和語域恰當(dāng)；完全達(dá)到與目標(biāo)讀者交流的目的。1.篇章:分段合理、條理清晰;骨血、肉氣二、根據(jù)寫作方向確定教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)解讀2009浙江高考書面表達(dá)：

5月1日高二(3)班的學(xué)生志愿者LiYue和ZhangHua去陽光敬老院開展志愿者活動(dòng)(送水果，打掃，聊天等)。假設(shè)你校英語報(bào)的記者，請(qǐng)寫一則新聞報(bào)道:1.時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物，活動(dòng);2.老人們的反映;3.簡短評(píng)論。

Part1:概述新聞（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件）；

Part2:客觀詳細(xì)介紹事件的經(jīng)過；

Part3:陳述對(duì)事件或人物的評(píng)價(jià)或結(jié)論。

OnMayDay,LiYueandZhangHua,studentsfromclassthree,Gradetwo,wenttosunshinenursinghomeanddidsomevoluntarywork.Upontheirarrival,LiYueandZhangHuawerewarmlywelcomed,andrespectfully,theypresentedtheelderlywithfruitsandflowers.Thentheystartedworkingatonce,cleaningthewindowsandsweepingthefloor.Every-thingdone,theysatintheyardchattingwiththeelderlypeople.Whenitwastimeforthevolunteerstoleave，theelderlypeoplethankedthemfortheirkindness.Theysaiditwassuchabeautifuldaythattheywouldre-memberitforever.LiYueandZhangHuawereveryhappy.Whattheydidhasbroughtjoytootherpeopleandenrichedtheirownlives.

OnMayDay,LiYueandZhangHua,studentsfromclassthree,Gradetwo,wenttosunshinenursinghomeanddidsomevoluntarywork.Upontheirarrival,LiYueandZhangHuawerewarmlywelcomed,andrespectfully,theypresentedtheelderlywithfruitsandflowers.Thentheystartedworkingatonce,cleaningthewindowsandsweepingthefloor.Every-thingdone,theysatintheyardchattingwiththeelderlypeople.Whenitwastimeforthevolunteerstoleave，theelderlypeoplethankedthemfortheirkindness.Theysaiditwassuchabeautifuldaythattheywouldre-memberitforever.LiYueandZhangHuawereveryhappy.Whattheydidhasbroughtjoytootherpeopleandenrichedtheirownlives.

OnMayDay,LiYueandZhangHua,studentsfromclassthree,Gradetwo,wenttosunshinenursinghomeanddidsomevoluntarywork.

Upontheirarrival,LiYueandZhangHuawerewarmlywelcomed,andrespectfully,theypresentedtheelderlywithfruitsandflowers.Thentheystartedworkingatonce,cleaningthewindowsandsweepingthefloor.Every-thingdone,theysatintheyardchattingwiththeelderlypeople.

Whenitwastimeforthevolunteerstoleave，theelderlypeoplethankedthemfortheirkindness.Theysaiditwassuchabeautifuldaythattheywouldre-memberitforever.LiYueandZhangHuawereveryhappy.Whattheydidhasbroughtjoytootherpeopleandenrichedtheirownlives.UsingLanguage:HeroicTeenagerReceivesAward二、根據(jù)寫作方向確定教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)解讀2.事例積累2012浙江高考書面表達(dá):

你校正在進(jìn)行“英語讀書周”活動(dòng)，該活動(dòng)要求學(xué)生摘錄名言佳句（quote）并相互交流。以下是某同學(xué)摘錄的句子：”Yourfuturedependsonmanythings,butmostlyonyou”。請(qǐng)按下列要求用英語寫一篇100-120個(gè)詞的短文：

1.針對(duì)摘錄句中的觀點(diǎn)談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎ?/p>

2.舉例說明理由。教材、完型填空中的記敘文。分類積累二、根據(jù)寫作方向確定教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)解讀2.事例積累3.語言積累積累渠道教材Teens

閱讀文本（高考真題）

學(xué)生習(xí)作聽力材料人物、興趣與愛好、自然與環(huán)境、語言、文化、藝術(shù)、健康、飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)、科技、人文關(guān)懷等。話題常用語言體裁特有語言(記敘/說明/議論)銜接作用語言人物、興趣與愛好、自然與環(huán)境、語言、文化、藝術(shù)、健康、飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)、科技、人文關(guān)懷、人生感悟等。功能意念語言分類積累二、根據(jù)寫作方向確定教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)解讀2.事例積累3.語言積累積累渠道教材Teens

閱讀文本（高考真題）

學(xué)生習(xí)作聽力材料4.語言與思維訓(xùn)練話題常用語言體裁特有語言(記敘/說明/議論)銜接作用語言功能意念語言4.語言與思維訓(xùn)練高一：翻譯（一句多譯）、造句、句子改錯(cuò)、句子美化（語言層面）50詞小練筆(感受或評(píng)論)（思維層面）課文改編練筆（語言綜合運(yùn)用層面）高二：高三：分類綜合寫作：圖畫類、圖表類、提綱類、開放類（語言綜合運(yùn)用層面）寫前指導(dǎo)—寫后講評(píng)—整理內(nèi)化—跟進(jìn)強(qiáng)化三、寫前指導(dǎo)--明確寫作過程、培養(yǎng)寫作習(xí)慣1.審題:體裁：主題：人稱：時(shí)態(tài)：1.審題:體裁:夾敘夾議主題：MindYourBehaviorinPublicPlaces

人稱：acouple(she,he)+I(we)

時(shí)態(tài)：過去+現(xiàn)在2.構(gòu)思框架（分段、羅列關(guān)鍵詞）：

Para.1:圖片要點(diǎn):Para.2:評(píng)論要點(diǎn):美景、扔垃圾、吐痰、標(biāo)牌對(duì)此行為的看法（破壞環(huán)境、無責(zé)任感、個(gè)人素質(zhì)差、等等）

LastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.過渡過渡總結(jié)3.打草稿

4.改進(jìn)表達(dá)5.抄寫

卷面整潔清楚、書寫對(duì)齊橫線、大小合理、詞與詞間距均勻。四、寫后講評(píng)2.主要形式：作文評(píng)析卷4.評(píng)后跟進(jìn)：背誦默寫訂正重寫(部分學(xué)生)

跟進(jìn)遷移3.講評(píng)重點(diǎn)：解決問題+欣賞模仿1.目標(biāo):提高學(xué)生的寫作熱情分析解決問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生感悟積累遷移2009浙江高考書面表達(dá)：

5月1日高二(3)班的學(xué)生志愿者LiYue和ZhangHua去陽光敬老院開展志愿者活動(dòng)(送水果，打掃，聊天等)。假設(shè)你校英語報(bào)的記者，請(qǐng)寫一則新聞報(bào)道:1.時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物，活動(dòng);2.老人們的反映;3.簡短評(píng)論。2011浙江高考書面表達(dá)：

假設(shè)你是高中生李越，有感于校園中存在的隨意涂寫（toscribble）和亂丟垃圾（tolitter）的行為，請(qǐng)用英語給校長寫一封100-120個(gè)詞的信。信中應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：

1.說明寫信目的；

2.對(duì)這些行為進(jìn)行批評(píng)；

3.提出建議.2009浙江高考書面表達(dá)：

5月1日高二(3)班的學(xué)生志愿者LiYue和ZhangHua去陽光敬老院開展志愿者活動(dòng)(送水果，打掃，聊天等)。假設(shè)你校英語報(bào)的記者，請(qǐng)寫一則新聞報(bào)道:1.時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物，活動(dòng);2.老人們的反映;3.簡短評(píng)論。2011浙江高考書面表達(dá)：

假設(shè)你是高中生李越，有感于校園中存在的隨意涂寫（toscribble）和亂丟垃圾（tolitter）的行為，請(qǐng)用英語給校長寫一封100-120個(gè)詞的信。信中應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：

1.說明寫信目的；

2.對(duì)這些行為進(jìn)行批評(píng)；

3.提出建議.2012福建卷：假定你是某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)的小記者，以下漫畫內(nèi)容是你的所見所聞，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文投稿。內(nèi)容要求：1、描述漫畫內(nèi)容；2、發(fā)表個(gè)人感想。MindYourBehaviorinPublicPlacesLastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.

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2012福建卷：假定你是某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)的小記者，以下漫畫內(nèi)容是你的所見所聞，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文投稿。內(nèi)容要求：1、描述漫畫內(nèi)容；2、發(fā)表個(gè)人感想。MindYourBehaviorinPublicPlacesLastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.

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2012福建卷：假定你是某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)的小記者，以下漫畫內(nèi)容是你的所見所聞，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文投稿。內(nèi)容要求：1、描述漫畫內(nèi)容；2、發(fā)表個(gè)人感想。MindYourBehaviorinPublicPlaces

LastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.

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2012福建卷：假定你是某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)的小記者，以下漫畫內(nèi)容是你的所見所聞，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文投稿。內(nèi)容要求：1、描述漫畫內(nèi)容；2、發(fā)表個(gè)人感想。MindYourBehaviorinPublicPlaces

LastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.

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夾敘夾議2012福建卷：假定你是某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)的小記者，以下漫畫內(nèi)容是你的所見所聞，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文投稿。內(nèi)容要求：1、描述漫畫內(nèi)容；2、發(fā)表個(gè)人感想。MindYourBehaviorinPublicPlaces

LastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.

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1.Followyourpassion;followyourheart.Theywillleadyoutotheplaceyouwanttogo.2.Therearenomistakes.Thereareonlynewpathstoexplore.3.Teenagershavetomapoutadreamfortheirfuture.Onlywithadreamcanwehaveacleardirectioninlife.4.Whereyouarerightnowdoesn’thavetobewhereyou’llendup.Noonewritesyourdestinyforyou,youwriteyourowndesitny.(摘自O(shè)bama’snationalspeechtoAmericanschoolchildrenonSept8.2009)話題常用語言積累——人生感悟：評(píng)論或總結(jié)

Iwonderifyoucouldputthebuttonsintheliftswithinthereachofapersoninawheelchair.2.Itwouldhelptofitearphonestoalloftheseats.3.I’dliketosuggestthattheseatsatthebackbeplacedhigherthanthoseatthefront.4.Itwouldbeconvenienttoplacetoiletsneartheentrancetothecinema.5.Perhapstherecouldbeaspaceattheendofeachrowforpeoplewithinwheelchairs.6.Ifthecarparkingspacesreservedforthedisabledareclosetotheentrance,thatwouldbenice.功能意念語言積累——建議：2012浙江卷：給校長寫信提建議Book7Unit1ALettertoanArchitect體裁特有語言---記敘文：

Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.IwasfastasleepwhensuddenlymybedbeganshakingandIheardastrangesound,likearailwaytrainpassingmywindow.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.Iwasabouttogotosleepwhensuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.IranoutofthehouseintothebackgardenwhereIcouldseeMountKilaueaininthedistance.Therehadbeenaneruptionfromthemountainandredhotlavawasfountaininghundredsofmetresintotheair.Itwasanabsolutelyfantasticsight.體裁特有語言---說明文：1.Some7,000highschoolstudentswentabroadforfurtherstudy,accountingfor23percentofallthestudentsstudyingabroad.2.Asisshowninthechart/table,nearly40%ofthestudentsprefertosurftheInternetintheirsparetime,rankingthefirst.3.Thenumberdoublesin2008.4.Meanwhile,thenumbersofpeople,whohaveaccesstotheirowncars,haverisensharplyintherecentyears.5.Comparedwith1997,itfellfrom15to10percent.表下降：decrease,fall,decline,drop;表上升：rise,goup;變化程度：sharply,gradually,slightly,slowly,steadily體裁特有語言---議論文：贊成：

befor,beinfavorof,support,advocate,agreetotheargument,subscribetotheviewthat…反對(duì)：

beagainst,beopposedto；其他：

Wehaveaheateddiscussionabout…Opinionsconcerningthetopicvaryfrompersontoperson.Thereismuchdiscussionabout…銜接作用語言：時(shí)間關(guān)系：first,then,suddenly,immediately,meanwhile,afterthat,atonce,soon,atthesametime,when,assoonas,before,themoment,while,etc.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,alltoooften,infact,virtually,instead,ontheotherhand,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof,otherwise,though,while,as,etc.因果關(guān)系：dueto,owingto,thanksto,becauseof,asaresultof,onaccountof,so,therefore,inconsequence,thus,because,since,etc.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and,moreover,besides,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition,apartfrom,worsestill,what’sworse,tomakemattersworse,moreimportantly,etc.總結(jié)：toconclude,inaword,ingeneral,altogether,inshort,onthewhole,etc.

Thingsworkedoutbetterthanwehadplanned.2.IthoughtIknewthemall,butthatwasn'tthecase.3.Painfullessonshavesetthealarmbellsringing.Book3Unit5練筆:

地理情況139平方公里，世界第二大國家，東西海岸距離5,500公里。自然資源淡水資源豐富。人口3千萬稍多一點(diǎn),大多數(shù)住在離美國邊境幾百公里內(nèi)。風(fēng)景名勝Vancouver:最美城市、滑雪、航海、森林、高樹。TheRockyMountains：山羊、灰熊、鷹。Calgary：賽馬會(huì)。你對(duì)加拿大的印象至少兩點(diǎn)。本周，你們?cè)谟⒄Z課堂上學(xué)習(xí)了有關(guān)加拿大的文章。英語老師要求你們回顧所學(xué)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)根據(jù)表格介紹加拿大，并陳述它留給你的印象。注意：勿逐句照抄課文內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)拓展，以使行文連貫。目標(biāo)語:單詞:slightly,within,border,measure,impress

詞組:besurroundedby,catchsightof,haveagiftfor,befamousfor,anyothercountry,leave/makeadeepimpressiononsb.

句型結(jié)構(gòu):

makesth./sb.+n.Windsprotectedusfromtheaggressivesunshine,flowersexpandedinawidesmileandsometimeswecouldseebirdsflyinginthebroadskyorstayedinbushes,lookingsoelegant.Comparedwiththebeautifulsight,twopeople’sbehaviorwasterrible.Theydidn’tcareaboutthesignwhichtoldusnottothrowtherubishintothelake.Ontheonehand,theyenjoyedthebeautifulsight.Ontheotherhand,theythrewtherubbishintothelake.解決問題：Windsprotectedusfromtheaggressivesunshine,flowersexpandedinawidesmileandsometimeswecouldseebirdsflyinginthebroadskyorstayedinbushes,lookingsoelegant.

Comparedwiththebeautifulsight,twopeople’sbehaviorwasterrible.Theydidn’tcareaboutthesignwhichtoldusnottothrowtherubishintothelake.Ontheonehand,theyenjoyedthebeautifulsight.Ontheotherhand,theythrewtherubbishintothelake.(79words)問題：重點(diǎn)不突出，圖片描述不清晰，個(gè)別用詞不貼切。思考：一句話概括景色，以記敘方式描述圖片要點(diǎn)。Everythingintheparkkeptmespellbound,thesoftbreeze,theflowersandtheflyingbirds.

Comparedwiththebeautifulsight,twopeople’sbehaviorwasterrible.Whileadmiringthesceneryinaboat,theythrewrubbishandspatintothelake,notcaringaboutthesign“NoLittering”nearby.(50words)內(nèi)容空洞2.Theirbehaviorleftabadimpressiononme.Wehavetomindourbehaviorinpublicplaces,fortheworldisourhome.Whenyouwanttothrowtherubbishontheground,mindyourbehavior.解決問題：思考：陳述觀點(diǎn)要有理由支撐，邏輯要清晰。無理由支撐？邏輯關(guān)系？語言單調(diào)2.Theirbehaviorleftabadimpressiononme.Whattheydidpollutedthelakeandruinedthebeauty.Whatifpeopledoastheydidinthepark?Aperson’sbehaviorgivesawayhispersonality,sonexttimeyouareinpublicplaces,mindyourbehavior.Inthiswaywewillwinrespectandenjoymorebeautifulenvironment.

LastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.

Wewereenjoyingthebeautyofthelakewhenwesawsomethingunpleasant.（雨泓）欣賞模仿：過渡一評(píng)：簡潔、直奔主題、用詞到位、形象

LastSunday,IwentsightseeingwithmyfriendsintheFairyLakePark.

Wewereenjoyingthebeautyofthelakewhenwesawsomethingunpleasant.（雨泓）回顧：IwasfastasleepwhensuddenlymybedbeganshakingandIheardastrangesound,likearailwaytrainpassingmywindow.運(yùn)用：ThismorningIwaswanderinginthestreet…更多過渡:欣賞模仿：圖片描述

Thebeautifulsceneryintheparkkeptusspellbound.AndInoticedtwopeopleboatingonthelake,admiringtheclearlakeandlookingrelaxed.Suddenly,themanturnedaroundandspatintothelake.Atthesametime,thewomanthrewsomerubbishintoittoo,regardlessofthesign“NoLittering”.(恒莉)評(píng)：描述清晰流暢、連接自然、非謂語動(dòng)詞使用恰當(dāng)、用詞較高檔。

Thebeautifulsceneryintheparkkeptusspellbound.AndInoticedtwopeopleboatingonthelake,admiringtheclearlakeandlookingrelaxed.Suddenly,themanturnedaroundandspatintothelake.Atthesametime,thewomanthrewsomerubbishintoittoo,regardlessofthesign“NoLittering”.(恒莉)

Thebeautifulsceneryintheparkkeptusspellbound.AndInoticedtwopeopleboatingonthelake,admiringtheclearlakeandlookingrelaxed.Suddenly,themanturnedaroundandspatintothelake.Atthesametime,thewomanthrewsomerubbishintoittoo,regardlessofthesign“NoLittering”.(恒莉)

Thebeautifulsceneryintheparkkeptusspellbound.AndInoticedtwopeopleboatingonthelake,admiringtheclearlakeandlookingrelaxed.Suddenly,themanturnedaroundandspatintothelake.Atthesametime,thewomanthrewsomerubbishintoittoo,regardlessofthesign“NoLittering”.(恒莉)

Iwasimmersedinthefascinatingscenery…(琦凡)

Thescenerywasbeautifulbeyonddescription.(世玉)totallyignoring…（瓊簫）turningablindeyeto…（高原）欣賞模仿：過渡二AsfarasI’mconcerned,theirbehaviornotonlydamagedthebeautybutalsolabeledthemselvesirresponsiblepeople.(葉菲)2.Theimpolitebehaviorstrikesanervewithme.Aperson’sbehaviorreflec