李照國 中醫(yī)英語 中藥部分

Lesson16

ChineseMedicalHerbsDifferentvarietyofChinesemateriamedicaMateriamedicalatin藥品MineralAnimalPlantsPLANTHERBS金銀花仙鶴草三七flowerherbplantfournaturesofdrugs

四氣thefiveflavors

五味channeltropism[‘tr?upiz?m]歸經(jīng)ascendinganddescending,floatingandsinking

升降浮沉Toxicity

毒性BasicknowledgeofChineseherbs(一)DrugProperties藥性FourNaturesofDrugs（四氣）Itreferstothefourpropertiesofdrugs,cold,hot,warmandcool.

Itreflectsthebody’seffectofinclination(作用傾向）oftheupsanddownsofYinandYang

（陰陽盛衰）andtheinteriorphasechange(寒熱變化）afterthedrugsactingonthebody.

Inthebook“ShengNong‘sherbalclassic(神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)），thereisabasicprincipleintreatingsymptoms.whichis

Treatthecoldwithhotmedicine,Treatthehotwithcoldmedicine.（療寒以熱藥，療熱以寒藥）”TheFiveFlavors（五味）Itcontainsfivebasicherbalmedicinesinaprescription（藥味）—sour,bitter,sweet,pungent，andsalty.ItcandividedintotwopartsYang:pungent，sweetYin：sour,bitter,andsalty

（一）辛味能散、能行。能發(fā)散、行氣、活血作用。

ThePerformanceofthefiveflavors麻黃（二）甘味：能補(bǔ)助、能緩、能和、。有補(bǔ)虛、和中、緩急、調(diào)和藥品性等作用。甘草（三）酸味：能收、能澀。

有收斂固澀作用。

（四）苦味：能泄、能燥、能堅(jiān).一指苦能通泄；二指苦能降泄；三指苦能清泄，能燥指苦燥濕能堅(jiān)：一指苦能堅(jiān)陰，即瀉火存陰，二指堅(jiān)厚腸胃。黃連（五）咸：能軟、能下。有軟堅(jiān)散結(jié)、瀉下通腸作用。

Theefficacities（功效）['efik?si,ti]offiveflavors

Pungent：

volatilization（發(fā)散），

[v?,l?tilai'zei??n]

promotingthecirculationofQi（行氣），invigoratingthecirculationofblood（活血）andetc.It’salwaysusedtotreatExteriorSyndrome(表證），suchasherbaephedra（麻黃）.Sweet:tonifying（補(bǔ)益），harmonizingthemoderating（和中），regulatingherbalproperty

（調(diào)和藥性）andalleviatingpain(緩急止痛）.Theefficacities（功效）offiveflavorsSour:astringing（收斂），inducingastringency（固澀）.Bitter:deprivingtheevilwetness(燥濕），dischargingthedefecation(通泄大便）.[?def?'ke???n]Salt:softeninghardnesstodissipate['d?s?pe?t]stagnation(軟堅(jiān)散結(jié)）anddefecation.Ascending,Descending,FloatingSinking

（升降浮沉）Itreferstothedrugs’fourdifferentfunctiontrend(up,down,insideandouside)tothebody.（二）FunctionalTendency（三）ChannelTropism[‘tr?upiz?m](歸經(jīng))Itreferstothedrugs’selectivefunctiontosomepartofthebody.Thatistosay,onekindofdrughasamainorspecialtreatingfunctionforthepathologicalchanges（病變）ofsomeorgansandmeridians（臟腑器官).（四）Toxicity（毒性）Ithastwomeaninginhistory.

Ⅰ:thebias(偏性）thatthedrughaswhenusedintreatingdiseases.Ⅱ:theadverseeffect（不良影響）andthedamagethatthedrugdotothebody.Compatibility[k?m,p?t?'b?l?ti]ofmedicinesmeansthatmakinguseoftwoormorethantwokindsofdrugsselectivelyaccordingtodifferentneedsanddifferentfeaturesofthepatient’scondition.Itcanbeconcludedbysevenaspects,whichcalledthe“sevenemotions”ofthedrugs.（五）Compatibilityofmedicines(配伍）TheCompatibilityofHerbs(sevenemotions)①Singleapplication（單行）②Synergism（相須）['s?n?d??z?m]③Mutualassistance（相使）④Mutualinhibition（相畏）TheCompatibilityofHerbs(sevenemotions)⑤Mutualdetoxification（相殺）[di,tɑks?f?'ke??n]⑥Mutualantagonism對立（相惡）[?n't?ɡ?n?z?m]⑦Incompatibility（相反）１．單行：指用單味藥就能發(fā)揮預(yù)期治療效果，不需要其它藥輔助．如清金散用一味黃苓治輕度的肺熱咳血．２．相須：即性能功效相類似的藥物配合使用，可以增強(qiáng)原有療效．如大黃和芒硝合用，能明顯增強(qiáng)攻下瀉熱的治療效果．３．相使：即在性能功效方面有某些共性的藥物配伍合用，而以一藥為主，另一藥為輔，輔藥能增強(qiáng)主藥療效．如補(bǔ)氣利水的黃芪與利水健脾的茯苓合用，茯苓能增強(qiáng)黃芪補(bǔ)氣利水的治療效果．４．相畏：即一種藥物的毒性反應(yīng)或副作用，能被另一種藥物減輕或消除．如生半夏和生南星的毒性能被生姜減輕或消除，所以說生半夏和生南星畏生姜．5．相殺：即一種藥物能減輕或消除另一種藥物的毒性或副作用．如生半夏和生南星的毒性能被行姜減輕或消除，所以說生姜?dú)⑸胂暮蜕闲牵叮鄲海杭磧伤幒嫌茫环N藥物能使另一種藥物原有功效降低，甚至喪失．如人參惡萊菔子，因?yàn)槿R菔子能削弱人參的補(bǔ)氣作用，相惡只是兩藥的某方面或某幾方面的功效減弱或喪失，而不是二藥的各種功能全部相惡．７．相反：即兩藥合用，能產(chǎn)生或增強(qiáng)毒性反應(yīng)或副作用．如”十八反”，”十九畏”中的若干藥物。其中相須、相使表示增效，臨床用藥要充分利用；ContraindicationinUsingHerbs

(用藥禁忌）[.kɑntr?,?nd?'ke??n]⒈Incompatibility：--eighteenincompatiblemedicaments（十八反）--nineteencounteraction（十九畏）⒉

Contraindicationduringpregnancy（妊娠用藥禁忌）⒊DietaryTaboosduringtakingthemedicine

（服藥時(shí)的飲食禁忌）十八反Eighteenincompatiblemedicaments本草明言十八反半蔞貝蘞及攻烏藻戟遂芫俱戰(zhàn)草諸參辛芍叛藜蘆硫黃原是火中精，樸硝一見便相爭。水銀莫與砒霜見，狼毒最怕密陀僧。巴豆性烈最為上，偏與牽牛不順情。丁香莫與郁金見，牙硝難合京三棱。川烏草烏不順犀，人參最怕五靈脂。官桂善能調(diào)冷氣，若逢石脂便相欺。大凡修合看順逆，炮檻炙焯莫相依。-Nineteencounteraction（十九畏）醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)翻譯國家中醫(yī)藥管理局StateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine

中華中醫(yī)藥學(xué)會(huì)

ChinaAssociationofTraditionalChineseMedicineandPharmacy

世界針灸學(xué)會(huì)聯(lián)合會(huì)

TheWorldFederationofAcup