高中英語外研版Module1SmallTalk module1sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法閱讀下列句子，體會(huì)黑體部分的用法1．Insomecountries，forexample，youhavetoarriveontimeataparty；inothercountries，youdon'tneedto.2．Somehostsexpectflowersorasmallgift，butinotherplaces，youcantakethings，butyouneedn'tifyoudon'twantto.3．—Didtheimmigrationpeopleasktoseeyourvisa?—didn'tneedtogetavisa.4．MyAmericanfriendTomspokegoodChinese，soIdidn'tneedtotranslatethespeechforhim.5．Iwasthefirsttogoneedn'thavegonetheresoearly.6．Iofferedtohelphimwiththehouseworkandthenhetoldmehehadneedn'thavedonethat.一、need的基本用法1．用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后可接名詞、代詞、不定式和動(dòng)名詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。MarkneedstolearnChinesesincehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.馬克需要學(xué)習(xí)漢語，因?yàn)樗墓疽诒本╅_一個(gè)分公司。Thedoctorsaidheneededanoperation.醫(yī)生說他需要手術(shù)。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)主語是表示“物”的名詞時(shí)，則作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的need后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，這時(shí)，needdoing＝needtobedone。Adogneedstakingout/tobetakenoutforawalkeveryday.狗得每天帶出去遛。2．用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形，常用于否定句和疑問句中。Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.你今天不必把那項(xiàng)工作做完。Needhecomehere?他有必要來嗎？3．由need引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答常用must或haveto；否定答語常用needn't?！狽eedIanswerthequestion?——我需要回答那個(gè)問題嗎？—Yes，youmust./Yes，youhaveto./No，youneedn't.——是的，你必須回答。/是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。二、didn'tneedtodo和needn'thavedonedidn'tneedtodo表示過去沒必要做某事，實(shí)際上也沒做。needn'thavedone表示過去沒必要做某事，而實(shí)際上做了，常譯成“本沒有必要做……”。Mary'sboyfrienddrovetopickherup，soshedidn'tneedtotakeataxi.瑪麗的男朋友開車去接她，因此她沒必要打出租車了。(不需要打出租車，事實(shí)上也沒打出租車)ItwasSunday，soIdidn'tneedtogetupearly.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，所以我沒必要早起。(不需要早起，事實(shí)上也沒早起)Weneedn'thavetakenataxitogettothewasonlyfiveminutes'walk.我們本沒有必要乘出租車到博物館的，走五分鐘就到了。(本沒有必要乘出租車，但乘坐了)Themanagerneedn'thavecleanedtheroombecauseitwasjustcleanedbyhisassistant.經(jīng)理本沒有必要打掃房間，因?yàn)樗闹謩倓偞驋哌^了。(本沒有必要打掃，但打掃了)[名師點(diǎn)津](1)在didn'tneedtodo中，need是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；在needn'thavedone中，need是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(2)need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。當(dāng)need的主語和need后面的動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，need后面接tobedone/doing。(3)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用于否定句和疑問句，后面接動(dòng)詞原形。(4)回答NeedI．..？肯定回答用：Yes，youmust；否定回答用：No，youneedn't/don'tneedto/don'thaveto。三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone的幾種形式及其意義\a\vs4\al(表示對過,去的猜測)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(musthavedone肯定做過,may/mighthavedone,或許做過,can't/couldn'thavedone,不可能做過))\a\vs4\al(表示抱怨、,埋怨、后悔)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(couldhavedone本來能做但沒有做,mighthavedone本來可以做但沒有做,shouldhavedone本來應(yīng)該做但沒有做))Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundisstillwet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。(對過去的肯定推測)Ican'tfindmypursemighthaveleftitinthetaxi.我的錢包現(xiàn)在找不到了。我可能把它忘在出租車?yán)锪恕?對過去的推測，也許/或許做了某事)Youcouldn'thaveknownabouthimtenyearsago，whenhewasstillunknown.十年前你不可能了解他，那時(shí)他還不出名。(對過去的推測，不可能做過某事)Youcouldhaveusedmycardidn'tuseit.你昨天本可以用我的汽車。那時(shí)我用不著它。(過去本來能做某事，但沒有做)Oh，Mom！Youneedn'thavepreparedsomuchandDianawillnotcomebackforsupper.哦，媽媽！你本不必做這么多飯。爸爸和黛安娜不回來吃晚飯了。(過去不必做，但實(shí)際上做了)Ⅰ.單句語法填空【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：38300005】1．Itisobviousthatthegardenneeds(water)．2．Wedon'tneed(get)intoanargumentoverthis.3．Youneedn't(tell)himthehadalreadyknownit.4．Theboycan't(finish)readingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficultevenforanadult.5．Youmight(refuse)heratthebeginning，butnowitistoolate.【答案】tobewateredget3．havetoldfinishedrefusedⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Weneedbuyticketsinadvance.2．Thefloorneedscleanrightnow.3．Youneedn'tworkedthatlatelastnight，whichwasharmfultoyourhealth.4．Itmustn'thaverainedlastnight，forthegroundisdrynow.5．Youneedn'ttogotothebankthismorning.【答案】后加to→cleaning3．needn't后加have't→can't/couldn't5．去掉第一個(gè)to如何寫提供建議的電子郵件1．概念：提供建議的電子郵件和書信一樣，有稱謂、正文和結(jié)尾署名。發(fā)件人在郵件中要向收件人提出建議和忠告。2．分類：(1)寫給個(gè)人，就其遇到的某個(gè)問題提出自己的建議和看法。(2)寫給某個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)提出建議和忠告。3．內(nèi)容安排：(1)寫出發(fā)郵件的原因和背景。(2)建議的內(nèi)容及提出建議的理由。(3)對收件人的祝福和祝愿。4．語言特征：(1)建議要寫得簡明扼要、目的明確、具有合理性和說服力。(2)提出的理由要入情入理，語氣一定要委婉，禮貌當(dāng)先。5．注意事項(xiàng)：語言簡明扼要的同時(shí)要委婉有禮貌。[亮點(diǎn)句式]一、建議信開頭常用句式1．Iwassopleasedtohearfromyou，andIamwritingtogiveyousometipsonjobinterview.2．NicetoreceiveyourletteraskingmeforadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.二、表達(dá)建議1．InreplytoyourletterabouttheCollegeEntranceExaminationthisyear，letmetellyouthat...2．Inmyopinion，itwouldbebetter...3．Itshouldbeagoodideato...4．Youwillbenefitfrom...5．AsfarasIamconcerned，you'dbetter...6．I'dliketosuggestyouthat...7．What'smore，itwillbehelpfultoyouthat...8．IfIwereyou，Iwould...9．You'dbettertakesomemeasurestodo...10．It'ssuggestedthat...11．WhatIwanttostressisthat...12．Finally，don'tforgettodo...三、建議信結(jié)尾常用句式1．Waitingforyourgoodnews.等待你的好消息。2．Goodluckwithyourinterview.祝你面試好運(yùn)。3．I'mexpectingtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.我期待著你盡早回信。【寫作任務(wù)】假如你是Mary，你的朋友Simon給你發(fā)來郵件向你征求學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法。請你就下面的內(nèi)容給他回復(fù)，并談?wù)勛约旱南敕ɑ蚪ㄗh。1．朗讀背誦，幫你記憶，養(yǎng)成用英語思維的習(xí)慣。2．多聽，多交際，可以提高聽說能力。3．……(自己的想法或建議)注意：1．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2．詞數(shù)100左右。[審題謀篇]體裁電子郵件話題提出建議時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱第一和第三人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．learnheart/keepmind 記住2．develop/formahabitof 養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣3．communicatewithsb. 與某人交流4．keepadiary 寫日記Ⅱ.句式1．首先你要時(shí)常朗讀英語，盡量記住一些重點(diǎn)知識(shí)。(一句多譯)①Firstofall，youshouldoftenreadEnglishaloudandtrytolearnsomethingimportantbyheart.②Tobeginwith，youshouldmakeitaruletoreadEnglishaloudoftenandtryyourbesttokeepsomethingimportantinmind.2．用這種方法你就能改進(jìn)你的聽說能力。(一句多譯)①Inthisway，youwillimprovebothyourlisteningabilityandyourspokenEnglishaswell.②OnlyinthiswaywillyougetimprovednotonlyinyourlisteningabilitybutalsoyourspokenEnglish.3．另外，你應(yīng)該多聽，多與其他人用英語交流。Besides，youshouldlistenalotandcommunicatewithothersinEnglish.4．另外，你應(yīng)該每天用英語寫日記，這樣你的寫作會(huì)變得越來越好。(一句多譯)①What'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydayandyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.②What'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheveryday，bydoingwhichyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】DearSimon，IhavereceivedyourletteraskingmeforadviceaboutlearningI'dliketotellyouhowyoushouldlearnEnglish.Firstofall，youshouldoftenreadEnglishaloudandtrytolearnsomethingimportantbyheart，whichhelpsyoutorememberthemeasilyandformagoodhabitofthinkingin，youshouldlistenalotandcommunicatewithothersinthisway，youwillimprovebothyourlisteningabilityandyourspokenEnglishas'smore，youshouldkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydayandyourwrittenEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.IhopewhatI'vesaidisusefulto'mlookingforwardtoyourgoodnews.Bestwishes.Mary學(xué)業(yè)分層測評(三)Ⅰ.完成句子1．Itturnedouttobeasmallhouse(沒必要盛裝打扮)．2．I(不需要打出租車)；it'swithinwalkingwewalkedthere.3．Withthepopularityofprivatecars，roadconditions(需要改善)．4．I(沒必要早起床)thismorning，soIstayedinbeduntil9a．m.5．You(需要等著我)attheschoolgate.【答案】'thavedressedup'tneedtotakeataxiimproving/needtobeimproved'tneedtogetupearlytowaitformeⅡ.閱讀理解A(2023·全國甲卷)AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastfact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海灘),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegianbuiltthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall，tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica'sWeddellthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthadScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercial'slastjourney，completedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrew,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic，washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。1914年到1916年間，一群海員和科學(xué)家踏上了南極探險(xiǎn)之路。結(jié)果他們在回來的路上發(fā)生海難，其中一個(gè)攝影師在臨死之前拍攝了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破損的木船的冰塊箱里。通過這些照片我們可以了解到那次不太成功的探險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷。1．WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A．Theyweremadelastweek.B．Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C．Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D．Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的thephotostakenbyHurley定位到文章第二段開頭。該段說這些照片即使是上個(gè)星期拍的也堪稱佳作，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；該段中還說照片是在一次海難之后拍的，故D項(xiàng)正確；文章沒有說拍攝的是海底景觀，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；拍攝者是攝影師，但沒有說是一名攝影師發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些照片，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤?！敬鸢浮緿2．WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A．FrankHurley.B．ErnestShackleton.C．RobertFalconScott.D．CarolineAlexander.【解析】推理判斷題。由題干中的“第一個(gè)到達(dá)南極”這條信息定位到第三段。被發(fā)現(xiàn)的照片所展示的這次旅行是為了獲得比RobertFalconScott船長先前的探險(xiǎn)更大的收獲，該船長在1912年就到達(dá)了南極。由此推斷RobertFalconScott是最先到達(dá)南極的人，故選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緾3．WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A．Artisticcreation.B．Scientificresearch.C．Moneymaking.D．Treasurehunting.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干的Alexander在最后一段出現(xiàn)，the1914voyage指本文談到的Endurance這艘船的探險(xiǎn)，該段開頭說，這個(gè)作家在她的小說TheEndurance中說，在那時(shí)，探險(xiǎn)就已經(jīng)是純商業(yè)活動(dòng)(athoroughlycommercialeffort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是賺錢(moneymaking)，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作”，B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)調(diào)研”，D項(xiàng)“尋寶”，均未體現(xiàn)?！敬鸢浮緾BHeadingofftocollegethisyear？Herearesomefashiontipsfromourexpertsyoushouldkeepinmind：Dresstoimpress:StylistandbusinessconsultantDanielaSmithsays，“Girlsshouldkeepinmindthatyourcollegeprofessorswilloftenbethebridgethatconnectsyoutoyourfuturecareerandyourclassmateswillbecomeyourprofessionaldon'tneedtodresslikeyou'regoingtotheoffice，butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence，andlookput-together.”Logomania(品牌狂熱癥)：Wearingthelogosofbrandsaimedatyoungercustomersphysicallyidentifiesyouaspartofthatagegroup，soconsiderthetargetedagegroupofthestoresyoushop'stemptingtoloaduponlogos，especiallywell-knownlogosthatsignifyhigh-endconsiderthis:collegeisatimeofself-discovery，achancetodevelopyourownpersonalofwearinglogosheadtotoe，“walkingadvertisement”style，whynotexpresswhoyoureallyare?Wearrealpants:Thecombinationofleggingsandbaggyshirtsisalltoocommononcollegepointsoutthatleggings，yogapants，andsweatpantsareentirelyunacceptableinpublicunlessyou'releggingswornaspantsareacommontrendamonghighschoolandcollegegirls，theyarenotanappropriatechoiceforayoungwoman，yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturity，getridofleggingsandwearrealpants!Keepthecutefactortoaminimum:StayawayfromsweatersandT-shirtswithsmilinganimals，cartooncharacters，orHelloKittyon，kittensmightbecute，butthey'renotdoingyouanyfavorsinthestyletoocutesycantakeyearsoffyourlook，andnotnecessarilyinagoodway!【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。大學(xué)生怎么穿著才算得體，專家就這個(gè)方面提出了一些建議……4．Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof．A．impressingprofessorsB．gettingonwellwithclassmatesC．creatingaprofessionalimageD．dressingappropriately【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話可知，D項(xiàng)正確，本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)穿著要得體。【答案】D5．Theauthorrecommendswearingrealpantsbecause．A．leggingsandbaggyshirtsaretoocommonB．yogapantsandsweatpantsarenotsocomfortableC．realpantscanpresentyouwithappropriatematurityD．peoplelikerealpantsbetterthantheotherpants【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句話“Asayoungwoman，yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturity，getridofleggingsandwearrealpants！”可知答案選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緾6．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardssweaterswithanimalsonthem?A．Theymakepeoplelooklovely.B．Theyareveryfashionablethesedays.C．Theywillshowyou'reananimallover.D．Theyarenotsuitableforcollege-agedstudents.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最后一段的最后一句話的意思是：穿著有像小貓、小狗這樣可愛動(dòng)物圖案的衣服，顯得與你的年齡不相符。由此可知D項(xiàng)正確。【答案】D7．Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A．BusinessWeek. B．Parents.C．Style. D．Travel&Leisure.【解析】文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述的是大學(xué)生如何著裝才最合適，這屬于時(shí)尚(style)方面的話題，因此C項(xiàng)符合文意?！敬鸢浮緾Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2023·四川高考)Thegiantpanda1.(love)bypeoplethroughoutthescientists2.(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornwasavery3.(care)25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomething4.(eat)！Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitsmellmightattractnatural5.(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlemotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahuman.itcried，sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingmothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda7.morethantwothattime，thepandanolongerneeded8.(it)motherfor，itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysofthe，aftertwoandahalfyears，themother9.(drive)theyoungpandawastimeforhertohaveanewbaby，10.itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。中國科學(xué)家最近對一只野生雌性大熊貓和她剛出生的大熊貓寶寶進(jìn)行了研究。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大熊貓媽媽對其孩子關(guān)懷備至。1．【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。大熊貓為世界各地的人們所喜愛是個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；panda與love之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填isloved。【答案】isloved2．【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~。空格處修飾動(dòng)詞短語hadachance，應(yīng)用副詞。recent的副詞是recently?！敬鸢浮縭ecently3．【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳?/p>