高中英語高考高考沖刺高考沖刺 2023普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）學(xué)生

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié),30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Recently,Itookatriphomebytrain.Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes,whokept1.______ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.Thewoman'seyefellontheman'sface,andsheimmediatelylookeddownand2.______herscarf.Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes,buttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany3.______.Thewomanlookedoverattheman.Hewasstillstaringather.Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes.Iwasbeginningtoget4.______,too.Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5.______awakeonhismother'slap,butthewomandroppedofftosleep.Amomentlater,hebeganto6.______thehalf-openwindow—onelegwentoverit.Themanjumpedupand7.______thechildjustbeforehefellout.The8.______wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9.______,andthenrealitydawned(顯現(xiàn)).“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow,”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime.”Thewomanwas10.______,andsowasI.1.A.guiding B.bothering C.watching D.monitoring2.A.adjusted B.changed C.packed D.waved3.A.air B.joy C.space D.rest4.A.nervous B.embarrassed C.angry D.disappointed5.A.almost B.still C.hardly D.even6.A.drag B.climb C.knock D.push7.A.grabbed B.rocked C.touched D.picked8.A.alarm B.quarrel C.risk D.noise9.A.sorrow B.relief C.panic D.pain10.A.astonished B.confused C.concerned D.inspired第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AWhydowedream?Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse(1)______(idea).Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything(2)______happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit(3)______(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.BSamisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主),andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbikehome(1)______acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout(2)______shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould(3)______(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.CThere(1)______(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,(2)______(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2023,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,(3)______(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed(4)______(invest)indisasterprevention.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship(實習(xí))atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.Whocanapply?Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies;orYouarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.Whataretherequirements?Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.Youshouldhaveagoodcommand(掌握)ofeitherEnglishorFrench.Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?Visa:Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.Travel:Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.Medicalinsurance:Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.Medicalcertificate:Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.Motivationletter:Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto________.A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorFrenchD.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage. B.Trainingincommunicationskills.C.Amedicalcertificateforwork. D.Financialsupportfortravel.23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?A.ContactUNESCOmanagers. B.Getaccesstothedatabase.C.Keepamotivationletterathand. D.Workinateamforsixmonths.BIrememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester(學(xué)期)projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren(OIC).MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair(絕望)andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokits——onekit,onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswerecompleted,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.CItwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?A.ImagesofIraqichildren. B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.Ateacher'sintroduction. D.Arepresentative'scomments.26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento________.A.becomeOICvolunteers B.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountries D.influenceotherchildren27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Hewhohesitatesislost.CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Tject:toestimatewhatthesize,costoramountofsthwillbeinthefuturebasedonwhatishappeningnow預(yù)測；預(yù)計；推想credible:thatcanbebelievedortrusted可信的；可靠的unthinkable:impossibletoimagineoraccept難以想象的；不可思議的；難以置信的relevant:1.closelyconnectedwiththesubjectyouarediscussingorthesituationyouarethinkingabout緊密相關(guān)的；切題的2.closelyconnectedwiththesubjectyouarediscussingorthesituationyouarethinkingabout緊密相關(guān)的；切題的Onlyif只當(dāng)；只要；也許只有；除非incurable：thatcannotbecured不能治愈的DEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic(原子的)clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo(節(jié)奏)ofhumanlife?We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate(調(diào)節(jié))ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat?Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming.We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges.We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llseetheoppositeeffect.Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe(時間框架),andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities:Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________.A.presentanassumption B.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperiment D.introduceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife.B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower.D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers’temporalframe.34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime.B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality.wrinkle:lineorsmallfoldinyourskin,especiallyonyourface,thatformsasyougetolder（尤指臉上的）皺紋2.acleverorusefultrick,hint,ordodge妙計;竅門astronomy:thescientificstudyofthesun,moon,stars,planets,etc.天文學(xué)opt:tochoosetotakeornottotakeaparticularcourseofaction選擇；挑選encounter:toexperiencesth,especiallysthunpleasantordifficult,whileyouaretryingtodosthelse遭遇，遇到（尤指令人不快或困難的事）counteract:todosthtoreduceorpreventthebadorharmfuleffectsofsth抵制；抵消；抵抗likewise:thesame;inasimilarway同樣地；類似地第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分,共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑.選項中有兩項為多余選項。Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.(1)______Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.(2)______However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.(3)______Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation(推測)thatit'snotthestyleofmusic,butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.(4)______Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.(5)______Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.behindthescenes在幕后；秘密地validity:thestateofbeinglegallyorofficiallyacceptable（法律上的）有效，合法性；（正式的）認(rèn)可tempo:thespeedorrhythmofapieceofmusic（樂曲的）速度，拍子，節(jié)奏implication:apossibleeffectorresultofanactionoradecision可能的影響（或作用、結(jié)果）第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié),32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第1、2題各2分,第3題3分,第4題5分,共12分）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved,theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased.Thus,itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends,familymembers,orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback.Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting.Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns.Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup(激起)anger.Fighting,however,usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks,raisingofvoices,andstormingout.Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth.Inastudy,2,000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow.Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved,theyhadhalfthereactivity(情緒反應(yīng))ofthosewhoavoidedanargument.Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions.Inotherwords,resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf.Onedaylater,peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument.Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution——andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed.Moreover,theolderyouare,themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument.Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities.Youa