非謂語動(dòng)詞講解課件(定稿)

Nonfiniteverbs非謂語動(dòng)詞1.todo2.-ing3.done謂語：說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。

e.g.He

works.

He

takescareof

thebaby.

He

willgo

toShanghai.

He

didn’tgo

toShanghai.

He

hasgone

toShanghai.

You

are

students.

You

looksmart.單謂語或動(dòng)詞短語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+v.系動(dòng)詞+表語非謂語：無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨(dú)作謂語，但保留動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語或狀語。e.g.Heworks.

Hewants

towork

here.

Heis

working

now.

Hehas

donehiswork.

非謂語不定式（todo)V-ingV-edasanounasadj.oradv.現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞過去分詞非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類

使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動(dòng)詞.非謂語動(dòng)詞的Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.5.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗爭。)找出下列句子中的非謂語動(dòng)詞（含短語）非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法作用非謂語動(dòng)詞主語賓語表語定語賓補(bǔ)狀語不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√高考熱點(diǎn)一、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做主語：

1.動(dòng)名詞做主語往往表示泛指的、一般的行為;不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。

e.g.Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.爬山很有趣。

TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2.不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。

e.g.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.3.動(dòng)名詞作主語有時(shí)用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。常見于以下句型中：

It’suse/good/fun…It’suseful/nice/useless…

e.gIt’sniceseeingyouagain.

辨析幾類情況：1.________alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Beinglearned2.Itisnotalwayseasy________invitations.A.torefuseB.refusingC.toberefused D.beingrefused3.How__________theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.A.tosolve B.tobesolvedC.beingsolved D.solving4.It__________forty-fiveminutes__________therebybus.A.cost,toget B.takes,gettingC.takes,toget D.takes,togetto5.Itisnogood__________.Youshouldgive_________. A.tosmoke,itup B.smoking,itupC.smoking,upit D.tosmoke,upit

二、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做賓語：1.下列動(dòng)詞后常跟不定式做賓語：

want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。e.g.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.Theypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain.

只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞口訣：

決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意能做被用來做的事迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事

決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意能做被用來做的事decidetodosth.決定做某事

want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事

plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某

needtodosth.需要做某事

agreetodosth.同意做某事

affordtodo能做某事

beusedtodo被用來做

迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事

can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事

makeupone’smindtodo下決心做某事

usedtodo過去常常做某事

failtodo未能做某事

2.在下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后常用動(dòng)名詞做賓語：

admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannothelp,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,giveup,imagine.include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insiston,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,admitto,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote…to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo,seeto,leadto,payattentionto等。

只能接-ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞口訣：

喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)

錯(cuò)過建議保持介意值得考慮（押韻）喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)

enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事

spend...doingsth.花費(fèi)…做某事

bebusydoingsth.忙于做…

imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事

can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事

feellikedoingsth.想要做某事

finishdoingsth.完成做某事

practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事

missdoingsth.錯(cuò)過做某事

suggestdoingsth.建議做某事

keep(on)doingsth.保持（繼續(xù)）做某事

minddoingsth.介意做某事

beworthdoingsth.值得做某事

considerdoingsth.考慮做某事錯(cuò)過建議保持介意值得考慮

介詞+doing

常考介詞:at,in,onof,off,for,fromup,about,withoutto等等begoodatdoingsth擅長做某事

beinterestedindoingsth.對做某事感興趣

insistondoing堅(jiān)持做某事

beusedfordoingsth.被用來做某事

thanksb.fordoingsth.謝謝某人做某事

betiredofdoingsth.厭煩做某事

beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事putoffdoing推遲做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事withoutdoingsth.沒有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考慮做某事What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么樣?此to非彼tolookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）

payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）

beusedtodoingsth.（習(xí)慣于）

preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜歡）

devotetodoingsth（致力于）

makeacontributiontodoing（做貢獻(xiàn)）特殊詞精講:tododoingrememberforger(do在后)要做（do在前）做過stopgoon（兩個(gè)字）兩件事（一個(gè)字）一件事likehatelove一次性長期try盡力做嘗試做startbegin一樣

一樣

stopdoing/todostoptodo停下來去做另一件事，stopdoing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他們停下來吸煙。Theystoptosmoke.我必須戒煙了Imuststopsmoking.forgettodo忘記要去做某事，forgetdoing忘記做過某事。Eg：辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.forgetdoing/todo

rememberdoing/todoremembertodo記得去做某事rememberdoing記得做過某事記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.

你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎?Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事，goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。Eg：做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.trydoing/todosth.trytodosth.努力,盡力做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.trydoingsth.試著做某事Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.小試牛刀1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy_____abouttheInternet.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned2.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_____thedoor?

-______.Pleasedoit.

A.toopen;OK

B.opening;Certainlynot

C.opening;Ofcourse

D.toopen;Goodidea3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_____untilwemakeit.

A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying4.-Areyouenjoying_____inNingbo?

-Yes,weare.Verymuch.A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived5．Wecouldn’thelp_____(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystoryA.tolaughB.laughingC.laughsD.laughed

6.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn7.It’sapayday,andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid8.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A．tobeheard B.tobehearingC．tohear D.tohaveheard

9.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing10.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone11.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned

12.Martinlookssowell.We’veneverseenhim____sowellbefore.A.islookedB.islookingC.tolookD.look13.Myfatherhasdecided______becausesmokingisbadforhishealth.A.tostoptosmokeB.tostopsmokingC.stoppingsmokingD.stoptosmoke14Itiskind___metocarrythesebooks.A.ofyouhelpingB.foryoutohelpC.ofyoutohelpD.foryouhelping15.—Wouldyoulike______somebreadorbiscuits?

—Nothanks.Idon’tfeellike

anythingnow.A.tohave,eatingB.tohave,toeatC.having,toeatD.having,eating16.—Doyourememberme,Tom?

—Ah,yes,Iremembered_____youinJUSCOlastyear.A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeing三、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做表語

1.表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)時(shí)，不定式和動(dòng)名詞可以互換。

e.g.Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.2.若表示具體的、個(gè)別的動(dòng)作或有將來含義時(shí)，一般用不定式。

e.g.Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語具有形容詞特征,也可以作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別

e.g.Thepartywasveryexciting.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．1.Herwishis__________anengineer.A.becomingB.become C.tobecomeD.beingcome2.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis__________.A.fishing B.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish3.Thereportwasso_______thattheywereall__________.A.inspiring,excitingB.inspiring,excitedC.inspired,excitedD.inspired,exciting4.---“Youlookpale.”---“Ifeelalittle__________.”A.tire B.tired C.tiring D.tiresome四、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做定語

1做定語放在所修.不定式飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作。

e.g.ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon．

Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.2.動(dòng)名詞做定語往往說明所修飾詞的某種用途，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。

e.g.awashingmachine（動(dòng)名詞做定語，=amachinewhichisusedforwashing）洗衣機(jī)

areadingroom（動(dòng)名詞做定語，=aroomwhichisusedforreading）閱覽室3.

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去分詞作定語則表示被動(dòng)、或完成的意義。單個(gè)分詞或形容詞性的分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的前面；分詞短語作定語多置于被修飾詞后面。

e.g.therisingsun（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，=thesunwhichisrising）正在升起的太陽

thechangingworld（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，=theworldwhichischanging）變化中的世界

amovingmovie感人的電影excitedvoice激動(dòng)的聲音（形容詞性分詞作定語）

fallenleaves落葉abrokencup一個(gè)破了的杯子（過去分詞作定語則表示被動(dòng)、或完成）1.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting______.A.toattendinB.toattendC.attendD.attending2.Heisalwaysthefirst______questions.A.toanswerB.answeringC.tobeansweredD.beinganswered3.TheOlympicGames_______intheyear2012willbeagreatsuccess.A.beingheldB.tobeheldC.heldD.tohold4.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written5.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject___________here.A.tobetaughtB.beingtaughtC.teachingD.tobeteaching6.---"Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?"---"Agroup_______itselftheLeagueforpeace."A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled7.Thepen__________belongstome.A.whichitisonthetableB.lyingonthetableC.isonthetableD.whichonthetable五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做補(bǔ)足語1.在“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，“賓語+不定式”構(gòu)成了復(fù)合賓語。有些動(dòng)詞要求不定式不帶to，有些要求必須帶to，還有的帶與不帶都可以?！褚韵聞?dòng)詞后常跟帶符號to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語：

ask,tell,want,wish,order,persuade,advise,allow,warn,encourage,cause,require等。e.g.Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.

我們希望他留下來接受這個(gè)職位。

接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞口訣：

請求與命令想要邀請期待鼓勵(lì)與建議答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助請求與命令asksb.todosth.請求某人做某事

tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事想要邀請期待鼓勵(lì)與建議wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事

invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事

expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事

encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事

advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事

答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助promisesb.todo答應(yīng)某人做某事

warnsb.nottodosth.告誡某人做某事

allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事

remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事

helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事●有些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,have,make,keep,get等后常跟不帶符號to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，常表動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過程。e.g.Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.

我們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子。

Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.

老板讓他們一天干12小時(shí)工作。

省略to的情況:使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后：一感二聽三讓四看feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,noticehadbetter（not）dosth.最好(不)做…whynot/whydon’tyoudosth為什么不做…?helpsb.（to）dosthWouldrather寧愿做…wouldyouplease情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do助動(dòng)詞+do牛刀小試1.

Mymotheroftenasksme_____somecleaningonSundaysAdoB.doesC.didD.todo2.

–DoyouoftenhearJohn_____inhisroom?

–

Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing,tosingB.sing,singC.sing,singingD.tosing,singing3.

Iwatchedher______inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancingB.todanceC.dancesD.dance4.Let’s______swimmingaftertheexam.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went5.

You’dbetter_______abus.A.tocatchB.catchC.catchesD.catching6.ThedoctoradvisedLaoLi__________morerest.A.thathegetB.togetC.wouldgetD.get7.Soontheysawtheboy_________inthecrowd.A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.disappeared8.Birdsareseldomheard__________atnight.A.singB.singingC.tosingD.tobesinging

2.現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)足語分兩種情況：●形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：

e.g.Ifindthebookveryinteresting.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有趣。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）

Theboyisfoundveryannoying.

發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)小男孩很令人討厭。（主語補(bǔ)足語）●動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,have,make,keep,get等后可以跟表示動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，表示“正在或持續(xù)做某事”。

e.g.Iseehimpassingbyabank.

我看見他正經(jīng)過一家銀行。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）

Hewasseenworkinginthegarden.

有人看見他正在花園里干活。（主語補(bǔ)足語）1.Hekeptme__________formanyhours.A.towaitB.havingbeenwaitedC.waitingD.waited2.Mothercaughttheboy__________inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.beingsmoked

3.HavingreadtheEmperor'sNewClothes,weallfoundit___.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.tointerest

區(qū)分下列詞組:seesb.doing/dosth.hearsb.doing/dosth.watchsb.doing/dosth.noticesb.doing/dosth.感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel+do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，+doing表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性。注意：被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不能省去to。3.過去分詞(done)做賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，其前的賓語是它的邏輯主語。●若是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，既表示被動(dòng)，也可以表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動(dòng)詞）?！袢羰遣患拔飫?dòng)詞的過去分詞，則只表示完成?！窬渥佑芍鲃?dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語相應(yīng)的變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。

Thebossfoundhisplancarriedoutsuccessfully.Theboywasfoundlostintheforest.HaveyouheardthissongsunginJapanese?(賓補(bǔ))ThissongisoftenheardsungeverywhereinChina.(主補(bǔ))1.Ineedthischapter__________beforetomorrow.A.rewritingB.rewrittenC.rewriteD.towriteagain2.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething__________.A.tostealB.losingC.missedD.stolen

3.Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimself_________.A.beingheardB.heardC.hearingD.hear

六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語1.不定式做狀語，主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因以及評論性狀語?！癫欢ㄊ酵旁谙当斫Y(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。

e.g.ShewassurprisedtoseeJimwalkin.

看到吉姆進(jìn)來，她很驚訝?！癫欢ㄊ娇梢詥为?dú)作目的狀語，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，在不定式前可以加上inorder,soas。

e.g.Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.

Inordertokeepwarm,weshutallthewindows.●不定式表結(jié)果，常用在too…to,enough…to結(jié)構(gòu)中。有時(shí)不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。

e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Thehusbandlefthiswife,nevertoreturn.

●有些不定式是用來表示說話者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的，放在句子之外，修飾整個(gè)句子，我們稱之為評論性狀語。

e.g.Ihaveneverseensuchaperson,totellyouthetruth.

Tocutalongstoryshort,wedisagree.

長話短說，我們不同意。六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語1.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry__________.A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.left

2.Iwenttoseehim__________himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.onlyfound

2.現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方式、目的以及作評論性狀語等。●現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時(shí)間狀語，往往表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)生。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時(shí)間狀語，往往表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。

e.g.

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedforjoy.

Havingfinishedhisspeech,heansweredourquestions.●作原因狀語：

Livingfarfromtheschool,Ihavetogetupearlyinthemorning.●作結(jié)果狀語，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分詞短語表示直接造成的結(jié)果。

e.g.Thefirelastedawholenight,causinggreatdamage.●作伴隨或方式狀語，表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的另一動(dòng)作。

e.g.FollowingTom,westartedtoclimb.我們跟隨湯姆開始爬山。

Shecameridingabrand-newbike.

她騎著一輛嶄新的自行車來的?！瘳F(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語往往具有伴隨性，多放于句尾，且與主句間用逗號隔開。

e.g.Janekeptsilent,tryingnottoshowherfeelings.●作評論性狀語，有些慣用的分詞短語在句中可以獨(dú)立存在，它們用來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般說來strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格說來

roughlyspeaking大致說來narrowlyspeaking狹義上說

judgingfrom/by由…判斷。

e.g.Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromAustralia.

1.__________thecryforhelp,peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms.A.TohearB.HearingC.HavingheardD.Theyhearing

2.__________Hello,hereachedouthishand.A.SaidB.SayingC.TalkedaboutD.Talkingto

3.過去分詞在句中可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等狀語?！襁^去分詞作時(shí)間狀語可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有時(shí)還可以置于主語和謂語之間。

Askedabouthisaddress,theboydidn’trespond.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.●

作原因狀語，常置于句首。

InfectedwiththeH1N1,thelittleboywasseparatedfromtheotherchildren.●

作條件狀語：

United,westand;divided,wefall.合則立，分則敗?！?/p>

作伴隨或方式狀語：Thepopstarhurrieduptohercar,followedbyherfans.1._________fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.A.SeeB.SawC.SeeingD.Seen

2.___________thepast,ourlifeismuchbetter.A.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparedwith

下面從二個(gè)方面來探究非謂語動(dòng)詞的解題方法：1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟非謂語動(dòng)詞題的做題技巧一.非謂語動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過去分詞。原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式原則七：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)，原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義。英語非謂語動(dòng)詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。

2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making

3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.

A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved【解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì)兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號燈變綠時(shí)，我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。

原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;climbing

listento…do/doing…【解析】listen是伴隨sat而同時(shí)由主語he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing作伴隨狀語；listento后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)。用括號里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Shewrotetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,

_________alongspeech.(prepare)4._______warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep

)preparingtoresthopingTokeep－,ing形式作伴隨狀語與todo作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的－ing形式與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號;而作目的狀語的不定式的動(dòng)作要比謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，且前面不能用逗號。原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet

【解析]此處用-ing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching

8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”，故要用被動(dòng)式，因可排除B和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語，動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。

10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后應(yīng)接-ing，desks與openandclose之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因couldbeheard，所以選-ing的被動(dòng)式表正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。of11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed

astranger

his

eyessittingseat

vt.Iseatedmyself.=Iwasseated.=Isatdownfixone’seyesupon…原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn(be)facedwith…Facedwith13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings【解析】因?yàn)閣atching的邏輯主語一定是人，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯(cuò)誤的。watching原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）

14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated【解析】因?yàn)锳ustralia與separate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞has之前，所以用-ing的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語。has15.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making【解析】因?yàn)門hemanager與make是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且make發(fā)生在謂語left之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀語，havingmade...相當(dāng)于whohadmade...的意思。left16.—LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountry

—Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?CABissbissaidtodo…據(jù)說…原則七：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)，原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;

用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;

用過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld

18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait

themeeting

thedayaftertomorrowvisitors19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost

20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.

—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

ThingsThelastonelosevt.losesb/sth注：受thefirst，thesecond...thelast修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。

Youarethesecondtomakethatmistake.

你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。原則一：用作目的狀語，…原則二：用作伴隨狀語，…原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，…原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，…原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，…原則七：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)，…原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上用不定式.原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上用-ing.原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，可用-ing/todo,區(qū)別是：-ing表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，todo表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。原則四:凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過去分詞。如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式；如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)形式。原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，原則上其邏輯主語應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前，原則上要用完成式（-ing的完成式或不定式的完成式）原則七：用于名詞后作定語，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：過去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成，被動(dòng)。二.非謂語動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語與非謂語”______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意連詞3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.

4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號二.分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。

怎么加?非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語，特別是當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語通常是主句的主語，若不然，則得加上自己的邏輯主語，這時(shí)就構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。一般說來,非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)，邏輯主語為其所修飾的名詞；作賓語補(bǔ)足語，邏輯主語為賓語補(bǔ)足語之前的賓語；作表語、賓語或狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語通常為主句的主語,

（二）找邏輯主語1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouth