閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題三之推理判斷題解題技巧

第一類(lèi)推斷隱含意義推斷隱含意義，即要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個(gè)句子、段落或全文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到的或者沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。旨在考查考生透過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。一、常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式推斷隱含意義的題干中常含infer(推斷)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推斷，得出結(jié)論)等詞語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的題干設(shè)題形式如下：1．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________．2.Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．3．Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．4．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．5．Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________．二、解題方法解答這類(lèi)題時(shí)，首先通過(guò)尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)(推理的依據(jù))；然后細(xì)讀、理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義；最后結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。解答此類(lèi)題目，需注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1.嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理，切忌摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2.如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案。3.如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒(méi)有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案。4.如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案。5.文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(should，must，may等)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案。6.注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively，rather等，則常帶有否定的意味。例1Thepositionwasofferedatthelastminute，andIwasgiventwoweekstoprepare，aperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase(公文包)andstandingbeforemyfull-lengthmirror，repeatingthewords，“Hello，class.I'mMr.Davis.”SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice.SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced.Butwhenthedayeventuallycame，mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor，butrathera12-year-oldboy.Q:WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromtheParagraph?A．Hewouldbeaggressiveinhisfirstclass.B．Hewaswell-preparedforhisfirstclass.C．Hegotnervousuponthearrivalofhisfirstclass.D．Hewaitedlongforthearrivalofhisfirstclass.解析：推斷隱含意義題。根據(jù)本段中的“Butwhenthedayeventuallycame，mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.”和“Isoundednotlikeathoughtfulprofessor，butrathera12-year-oldboy.”可知本題選C。第二類(lèi)推斷寫(xiě)作意圖推斷寫(xiě)作意圖，即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容推斷作者寫(xiě)該文章的目的。一、常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式1．Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto________．2．Thepassageismeantto________．3．Theauthor'spurposeistoshow________．4．Thepurposeofthearticleisto________．二、解題方法作者的寫(xiě)作目的通常有娛樂(lè)讀者、說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)和告知讀者某些信息三種。解答此類(lèi)題時(shí)主要有兩種方法：1．主旨推斷法：寫(xiě)作目的是闡述作者為何要表達(dá)某個(gè)中心主題，因此可根據(jù)主旨推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的。2．文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點(diǎn)和用途來(lái)推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的。如記敘文，特別是個(gè)人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類(lèi)的文章，其目的是娛樂(lè)讀者；夾敘夾議的文章，其目的是讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；廣告和議論文的目的是說(shuō)服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)或接受某種觀點(diǎn)；科普說(shuō)明文或新聞報(bào)告，其目的是告知讀者某些信息。例1Coldweathercanbehardonpets，justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime，thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.

Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout，stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside，theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime，makesuretheyhaveawarm，solidshelteragainstthewind，thickbedding，andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Q:Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosolveaproblem.B．Togivepracticaladvice.C．Totellaninterestingstory.D．Topresentaresearchresult.第三類(lèi)推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，即要求考生推斷作者對(duì)某人某事的看法或作者所持的觀點(diǎn)。一、常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式1．Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______．2．Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________．3．What'stheauthor'sopinionabout...?4．Intheauthor'sopinion...?二、解題方法根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和作者的措辭能推斷作者所持的觀點(diǎn)或看法，判斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的、主觀的，肯定的、否定的或是中立的。例1Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock-watchingschedulewasDr.FredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthe

night.

I'veneverheardanythingso

ridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway，thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.Q:WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDr.FredericTrubyKing?A．Heisstrict.

B．Heisunkind.C．Hehasthewrongidea.

D．Hesetsatimetableformothers.第四類(lèi)推斷文章出處推斷文章出處，即通過(guò)閱讀材料，感知內(nèi)容，從而推斷材料的來(lái)源。一、常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式1．Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________．2．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?3．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?二、解題方法解答這類(lèi)推斷題時(shí)，可根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)推斷，也可根據(jù)各種文體的特征來(lái)判斷其出處，如廣告的用詞和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨認(rèn)；報(bào)紙的前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱(chēng)；產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明的特點(diǎn)也比較明顯，一般會(huì)介紹其名稱(chēng)、作用或操作方式等。例

1Themulti-millionpoundnewLibraryofBirmingham(LoB)willbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization(數(shù)字化)ofeverydaylife.

Settoopenin2013，the￡188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotakeshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatre，withwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.

BrianGambles，theLoBprojectdirector，saysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearning.“Theaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital，providing24-hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeople，moreeffectively.”

Gamblessays:“Technologywillenableustomakethelibrary'scontentandservicesopentocitizensasneverbefore.”Q:Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom________．A．a(chǎn)computerbook

B．a(chǎn)libraryguideC．a(chǎn)projecthandbook

D．a(chǎn)newspaperreport第五類(lèi)推斷目標(biāo)讀者推斷目標(biāo)讀者，即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷此篇文章主要是寫(xiě)給誰(shuí)看的。一、常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式1．Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor________．2．Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?3．Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________．二、解題方法解答此類(lèi)題要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是從作者使用的詞語(yǔ)和口氣來(lái)判斷。例1Exploityourparkingspace

Anunusedparkingspaceorgaragecanmakemoney.Ifyoulivenearacitycenteroranairport，youcouldmakeanythingupto￡200or￡300aweek.Putanadvertisement(廣告)forfreeonLetparkorAtmyhousepark.

Rent(出租)aroom

Spareroom?Notonlywillalodger(房客)earnyouanincome，butalso，thankstothegovernment-backed“rentaroom”program，youwon'thavetopayanytaxonthefirst￡4，500youmakeperyear.TryadvertisingyourroomonRoomspareorRoommateeasy.MakemoneyduringspecialeventsQ:Forwhomisthetextmostprobablywritten?A．Lodgers.

B．Advertisers.

C．Houseowners.

D．Onlinecompanies.即學(xué)即練練1．WhenIwasateenager，mymother'sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow，Iseeitdifferently.Tome，mymother'sEnglishisperfectlyclear，perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage，asIhearit，isvivid，direct，andfullofobservationandwisdom.ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings，expressedideas，andmadesenseoftheworld.Q:Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother'sEnglishnow?A．Itconfusesher.B．Itembarrassesher.C．Ithelpsherunderstandtheworld.D．Ithelpshertoleraterudepeople.練2．Som