Unit 4 Making the news 基礎(chǔ)知識 (新人教版必修5)

【經(jīng)典范文】Yearsofschoollifehastaughtmealotofthings,ofwhichteamworkisthemostimportantforme.Infact,Ididn'trealizeitsimportanceuntilIwaschosenmonitorofmyclassinmyseniormiddleschool.Atfirst,Ididmostofthedutiesmyselfwhileotherstudentscaredlittleaboutclassactivities.Asaresult,Iwastiredoutanddepressed.ThenIturnedtomyteacherandheadvisedmetocooperatewithothers.ThusIbegantorecognizethestrengthsofmyclassmatesandhaveeveryonedotheirpartinclass.Itisworkinginteamsinsteadofonmyownthathasfreedmeoftroubleandmademyworkmoreefficient.Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1．________adj.值得贊揚(yáng)的；令人欽佩的2．________n．業(yè)余愛好者3．________vt.更新；使現(xiàn)代化4．________adv.故意地5．________adj.犯罪的；有罪的；內(nèi)疚的6．________vt.出版；發(fā)行；發(fā)表；公布7．________adj.徹底的；詳盡的8．________n．約會；任命9．________vt.幫助；協(xié)助；援助→______n．幫助；援助10．________vt.遞交；呈遞(文件等)11．________vt.集中；聚集→________n．關(guān)注；重視12．________vt.獲得；取得；學(xué)到13．________vt.評估；評定→________n．評定；評價14．________vt.告知；通知→________n．信息；消息15．________vt.指責(zé)；譴責(zé)；控告16．________n．需求；要求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求17．________adj.精確的；正確的18．________adj.年長的；高年級的；高級的19．________vt.贊成；認(rèn)可；批準(zhǔn)→________n．批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可20．________vt.加工；處理n.過程；程序；步驟答案1．a(chǎn)dmirable

2.amateur

3.update

4.deliberately

5.guilty

6.publish

7.thorough

8.appointment

9.assist；assistance

10.submit

11.concentrate；concentration

12.acquire

13.assess；assessment

14.inform；information

15.accuse

16.demand

17.accurate

18.senior

19.approve；approval

20.processⅡ.短語回顧1．concentrate________集中；全神貫注于……2．haveagoodnose________對……嗅覺敏感3．informsb.________告知；通知4．________themeanwhile期間；同時5．depend________依靠；依賴→(同義詞)________6．a(chǎn)ccusesb.________因……指責(zé)；控告7．getthewrongendofthe________報(bào)道失實(shí)8．________astodo為了做……9．a(chǎn)head________在……前面10．________caseof以防，萬一答案1．on

2.for

3.of

4.in

5.on；relyon

6.of

7.stick

8.so

9.of

10.inⅢ.句式填空1．與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句Nowdiscussinpairs__________________(你的感受會如何)ifyouwereofferedajobonafamousnewspaper?2．betodo結(jié)構(gòu)Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX)，______________(必將會產(chǎn)生重要影響)hislifeasajournalist.3．notonly引導(dǎo)的倒裝句______________________(我不僅只是感興趣)inphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.4．“only＋狀語”位于句首的倒裝句________(只有)youaskmanydifferentquestions________(你才會收集到)alltheinformationyouneedtoknow.答案1．howyouwouldfeel

2.wastostronglyinfluence3．NotonlyamIinterested

4.Onlyif;willyouacquire考點(diǎn)單詞1．a(chǎn)cquirevt.獲得；取得；學(xué)到Thisbeerisn'tbad;I'mbeginningtoacquireatasteforit.這啤酒不錯；我開始喜歡喝了。acquiresth.得到/掌握/獲得……acquireatastefor開始喜歡上……acquireaknowledgeof學(xué)會……即境活用1

Theschoolisgivingmostofthesechildrenhopeforthefuturebyprovidingthemachanceto________knowledge.A．require

B．a(chǎn)cquireC．a(chǎn)chieve D．enquire[解析]acquire獲得。require要求；enquire詢問；achieve實(shí)現(xiàn)。[答案]B2．a(chǎn)ssessvt.評定；評估；征稅Wetriedtoassesshissuitabilityforthejob.我們想評估一下他是否適合這項(xiàng)工作。Theinvestigationwasreopenedaftercarefulassessmentofnewevidence.對新證據(jù)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)評估后，調(diào)查重新啟動。assesssb./sth.評價/評估某人/事assesssth.at估價為……assessableadj.可估計(jì)的；可估價的assessmentn．估價；評價makeanassessmentof評估……即境活用2

Tenexpertswill________thevalueoftheyoungscientist'sinventiononceagain.A．a(chǎn)ssess B．AssistC．develop D．Adopt[解析]assess評估。assist援助，協(xié)助；develop發(fā)展；adopt采納，收養(yǎng)。[答案]A3．informvt.通知；告訴IinformedhimthatIwouldnotbeabletoattend.我通知他我不能夠出席。Iwasn'tinformedofthedecisionuntiltoolate.等到我知道這項(xiàng)決定時，已經(jīng)太遲了。informsb.of/about通知某人有關(guān)……informsb.that...通知某人……rmedof/about...通知某人關(guān)于……；使某人知道……bewellinformedof/about精通某事；對……消息靈通beinformedof...聽說；接到……的通知Pleasekeepus________ofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.A．informing B．informedC．beinginformed D．toinform[解析]rmedof讓某人知道……[答案]B4．casen．情況；病例；案例Incaseoffire,ringthebell.如發(fā)生火災(zāi)，請按鈴。Takeataxiincaseyouarelateforthemeeting.坐出租車吧，免得開會遲到。incaseof萬一……；如果發(fā)生……incase以防；萬一inanycase無論如何；總之innocase決不inthatcase如果是那樣的話；在那種情況下inthecaseof就……來說；關(guān)于asisoftenthecase這是常有的事【易錯提示】incase后接從句時，不加that;innocase位于句首時，句子使用部分倒裝語序；case意為“情況，情形”時，后面定語從句的關(guān)系詞為where。即境活用4

Ishallstayinthehotelallday________thereisnewsofthemissingchild.A．incase B．nomatterC．inanycase D．incaseof[解析]incase以防，萬一。[答案]A5．demandvt.&n．要求；需要Shedemandedtoknowwhatwashappening.她要求知道發(fā)生了什么事。Theworkers'demandforhigherwagesseemsreasonable.工人們加薪的要求似乎是合理的。demandtodosth.要求做某事demandofsb.todosth.要求某人做某事demandsth.ofsb.要求某人某事demandthat...(should)要求……indemand(of)需要(on)demandfor...(不)需要makedemandsof/on對……提出要求meetthedemand滿足需要；符合要求【易錯提示】demand后面的從句用虛擬語氣，即should＋動詞原形，should可省略。即境活用5

Hedemandedthetask________byFriday.A．shouldbefinished

B．wouldbefinishedC．couldbefinishedD．wasfinished[解析]demand后的從句用虛擬語氣(should)bedone。[答案]A6．a(chǎn)pprovev．贊成；稱贊；批準(zhǔn)Lastofall,thechiefeditorreaditandapprovedit.最后主編審讀了這篇稿子，并且批準(zhǔn)發(fā)表了。Youmadeagooddecision,andIthoroughlyapproveofit.你做了一個很好的決定，我不折不扣地表示贊同。approvesth.通過/批準(zhǔn)……approveofsth.贊同/贊成……approvaln．批準(zhǔn)；贊同；贊成generalapproval一致同意即境活用6

Ididn't________ofsuchaplan.A．a(chǎn)pprove B．informC．demand D．warn[解析]approveof同意。句意：我不贊成這樣的計(jì)劃。[答案]A7．eageradj.渴望的；熱切的Everyoneiseagerforsuccess.每個人都渴望成功。Heiseagertobeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.他渴望被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。Iameagerthattheprojectshouldbestartedearly.我熱切希望這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃能早日著手進(jìn)行。beeagerforsth.渴望某事beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerthat...shoulddosth....渴望做……beanxiousaboutsth.對……擔(dān)心beanxioustodosth.急于做某事bekeenon急切盼望【易混辨析】eager/anxious二者都含有“渴望的”的意思。(1)eager指以巨大的熱情渴望實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望或達(dá)到目的，有時也指由于其他感情而表現(xiàn)急不可耐的。(2)anxious指熱切地希望實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望，并因顧慮愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦慮的。Hewaseagertoseehismother.他渴望見到他母親。I'manxioustoknowthefinalresult.我急于想知道最后的結(jié)果。即境活用7

Hermotherisillinhospital.Sheis________abouthermother'shealth.A．eager B．a(chǎn)nxiouslyC．concerned D．worry[解析]beconcernedabout為……擔(dān)憂。[答案]C8．concentratevt.集中；聚集Stoptalkingandconcentrateonyourwork.別說話了，專心工作。Studentsmustconcentratetheirattentiononefficiency.學(xué)生必須把注意力集中在效率上。concentratesth.onsth./doingsth.專心致志于某事concentrateone'sattentionon致力于……；把注意力集中在……concentrateonsth.集中精力于某事putone'sheartinto＝fixone'smindon集中精力于……payone'sattentionto專心于……，注意……focuson集中于……，聚集于……beabsorbedin集中精力于……applyoneself/one'smindtosth./doingsth.專心于……devote...to(bedevotedto)獻(xiàn)身于……；致力于……即境活用8

Allthepupilsaresittingsilent,withtheirminds________onthestorytheteachertoldthem.A．a(chǎn)bsorbed B．lostC．concentrated D．concentrating[解析]concentrateon專心于。mind與concentrate之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作賓補(bǔ)。[答案]D即境活用9

Youmay________itthathewillturnupintime.A．decideon B．dependonC．a(chǎn)nswerfor D．makesure[解析]dependon依賴。句意：你可以相信他會及時出現(xiàn)。[答案]B2．a(chǎn)ccuse...of因……指責(zé)或控告Thepoliceaccusedhimoftheft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。Areyouaccusingmeoflying?他是在指責(zé)我說謊嗎？Shewasaccusedasarobber.她被指控為搶劫犯。accusesb.of(doing)sth.控告某人某事，指責(zé)某人某事accusesb.as...作為……被指控accuse...for...因……而歸罪于【易混辨析】accuse/charge(1)accuse指當(dāng)面指控或指責(zé)，不一定訴諸法庭?？蓸?gòu)成accusesb.ofsth.的搭配，意思是“指控某人某事”。(2)charge指因犯較大錯誤或重大罪行而進(jìn)行正式法律控訴?？蓸?gòu)成chargesb.withsth.的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。即境活用10

Theyoungmanwas________stealingpossessionsofhisfactoryandputintoprison.A．a(chǎn)ccusedof B．a(chǎn)ccusedwithC．chargeof D．chargedfor[解析]beaccusedof被指控……。[答案]A3．besupposedtodo應(yīng)該Everybodyissupposedtowearaseatbeltinthecar.每個人在汽車?yán)锒紤?yīng)該系安全帶。Teachersaresupposedtotreatallthestudentsalike.老師應(yīng)該對所有的學(xué)生一視同仁。Thetrainwassupposedtoarrivehalfanhourago.火車本應(yīng)在半小時之前到達(dá)。(1)當(dāng)besupposedto...的主語是“人”時，意為“應(yīng)該……”；“被期望……”，它可以用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞should。(2)當(dāng)besupposedto...的主語是“物”時，它表示“本應(yīng)該”，用于表示“某事本應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生”。(3)besupposedto后面接“have＋過去分詞”時，表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做”。(4)besupposedto...的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為benotsupposedto...，它常用于口語中，意為“不被許可；不應(yīng)當(dāng)”。即境活用11

Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed________assoonaspossible.A．tobesent B．tosendC．beingsent D．sending[解析]besupposedtodo應(yīng)該做某事，句子的主語與send之間為被動關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。[答案]A4．soasto為了Westartedearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.為了趕上早班車我們很早就出發(fā)了。Hesaidhewouldgotothemen'sroomsoastoleaveusaloneforawhile.他說他要去洗手間，為的是讓我們單獨(dú)呆一會兒。【易混辨析】inorderto,soasto,inorderthat,sothat(1)inorderto引導(dǎo)的不定式短語既可以位于句首，又可置于句中Inordertofindthebook,hesearchedthewholehouse.為了找到這本書，他翻遍了屋子。(本句中不能用soasto)(2)soasto引導(dǎo)的不定式短語只可置于句中，不可位于句首。Chinaispayingmoreandmoreattentiontoeducationinorderto/soastocatchupwithadvancedcountriesinscienceandtechnology.中國對教育越來越重視，為的是在科學(xué)技術(shù)上趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家。(3)inorderto和soasto的否定形式是在to前面加not，即inordernotto,soasnotto。Hegetsupearlysoasnottobelateforschool.他起床很早以便上學(xué)不遲到。(4)inorderto和soasto后只能接動詞原形，如果后接目的狀語從句，可用inorderthat或sothat。HewenttoEnglandlastyearinorderthathecouldlearnstandardEnglish.他去年去了英國為的是學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。Theteacherpreparedhislessonswellsothathecouldmakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.老師認(rèn)真?zhèn)湔n以便使他的課生動有趣。即境活用12

________bepunishedbytheteacher,Alicehadtomakeupanexcuseforhavingbeenabsentfromschool.A．Soasto B．AsfarasC．Aswellas D．Inordernotto[解析]inorderto可以置于句首，而soasto只放在句中。asfaras就……而言；aswellas也，還。[答案]D5．a(chǎn)headof在……前面；早于；優(yōu)先Heisaheadofmeinmaths.他在數(shù)學(xué)方面超過我。lookahead為未來著想或打算；未雨綢繆goahead(with)進(jìn)行；開始；往下說；用吧；干吧getaheadof勝過；超過beaheadof占優(yōu)勢aheadoftime提前即境活用13

Danialstayeduplatethesedaysandhewantedtofinishthetask________time.A．a(chǎn)headof B．insteadofC．inspiteof D．a(chǎn)saresultof[解析]aheadoftime提前。insteadof而不是，代替；inspiteof盡管；asaresultof由于。[答案]A6．submitto遞交，呈交YoumustsubmittoyourapplicationbyFriday.你星期五之前必須遞交申請表。即境活用14

(2012·浙江慈溪中學(xué)期中考試)Allthesedocumentsmustbe________theuniversityyouareapplyingforbeforeDecember12th.A．donatedto B．sentinC．submittedto D．handedin[解析]submitto呈交。句意：所有這些文件十二月十二號前必須呈交給你所申請的大學(xué)。donateto捐獻(xiàn)；sendin送進(jìn)；handin交上。[答案]C重點(diǎn)句型1．Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX),wastostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist.他與他的新老板胡新的討論對他的記者生涯必將產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的影響。betodo在句中表示后來會發(fā)生的事，意為“注定會……，一定……”。betodo句型的用法：(1)表示注定要發(fā)生……(2)預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定。(3)表示說話人的意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等情感意義。①Allthesearetobeansweredfor!所有這一切都會遭到報(bào)應(yīng)的?、赟hewastocallbeforesheleft.她打算在離開前打電話。③Youaretomakethenecessarychanges.你要作出必要的改變?！舅季S拓展】表示將來時的幾種方法：(1)begoingtodo表示主語打算在最近或以后做什么，這種打算是事先考慮好了的。另外可表示根據(jù)已有跡象非?？赡芤l(fā)生的情況。(2)beabouttodo表示正要或即將做某事，多與when連用，不與時間狀語或時間段連用。(3)時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。即境活用15

Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty________，someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A．wastobeheld B．hasbeenheldC．willbeheld D．isbeingheld[解析]句意：在商店上面的一間房間里，即將舉行一次聚會，一些工人們正忙著擺放桌子。betodo表示“按計(jì)劃要做”，根據(jù)最后一句中的werebusilysetting可知只有A項(xiàng)正確。[答案]A2．NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.對攝影我不只是感興趣，在大學(xué)里我還專修過業(yè)余攝影課來更新我的技術(shù)。句中notonly...butalso連接兩個并列句，因?yàn)閚otonly位于句首，因而前一分句使用了倒裝語序。notonly...butalso可以連接句中任何兩個平行的句子成分，當(dāng)連接兩個主語時，謂語和后一個保持一致。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,buttheyalsowantreducedhours.護(hù)士們不僅要求加薪，她們還要求減少工作時間。MychemistryteachercanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoJapanese.我的化學(xué)老師不僅會講英語，還會講日語。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheheadteacherwaslateforthelecture.不僅學(xué)生，那位班主任聽講座也去晚了。【易錯提示】notonly...butalso中的also可以省略，而且butalso可以用but...aswell替換。即境活用16

Thecustomerscomplainedthatnotonly________high,buthedidn'tdoagoodrepairjob.A．hecharged B．washechargedC．didhecharge D．hewascharged[解析]notonly置于句首，句子用于部分倒裝。[答案]B3．Afootballerwasaccusedoftakingmoneyfordeliberatelynotscoringgoalssoastolettheotherteamwin.一位足球運(yùn)動員被指控受賄，故意不進(jìn)球，好讓對方球隊(duì)贏球。soasto的意思相當(dāng)于inorderto，表示目的，可以譯為“以便，為了……”，不過soasto不能放在句首，而inorderto則可以放在句首，其否定形式為soasnotto...。對比：...so...asto...表示“到某種程度以至于……”，其否定形式為so...asnotto,so后面接形容詞或副詞，to后接不定式，不定式表示結(jié)果。so...asto句式意義上等于so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，不過前者使用了不定式，而后者使用的是that從句。Theyworkedhardsoasnottofailthisyear'sCollegeEntranceExaminations.他們學(xué)習(xí)很努力，為的是通過今年的高考。Thechildwassotiredaftertheclimbingastosleeprightaway.那個孩子攀登后如此累，以至于馬上就睡著了。Whyareyoualwayssotroublesomeastomakeyourparentssoangry?你為什么總是惹出那么多的麻煩，以至于你的父母如此生氣？即境活用17

Hetrainedhard________winagoldmedal.A．inordernotto B．soasnottoC．soasto D．sothat[解析]soasto后跟動詞原形，表示“為了”；sothat后跟句子，表示“為了，結(jié)果”。[答案]CⅠ.詞義辨析1．Tomdecidedtopickupteachingasa________aftergraduatingfromcollege.A．colleague

B．sectionC．profession D．intention[解析]profession職業(yè)。colleague同事；section部分；intention目的。[答案]C2．Manyteenagersarewaitingforhoursoutsidethestadium，________tomeettheirsportsstar.A．eager B．thoroughC．a(chǎn)ccurate D．senior[解析]eager渴望的。thorough完全的；accurate準(zhǔn)確的；senior較年長的。[答案]A3．Yourreportmustbefinishedand________tothecommitteebeforethedeadline.A．updated B．informedC．demanded D．submitted[解析]submitto遞交，提交。update更新；demand要求；inform告知。[答案]D4．Shehas________agoodknowledgeofEnglishthroughmanyyears'hardwork.A．required B．a(chǎn)cquiredC．switched D．defended[解析]acquire獲得。require要求；switch轉(zhuǎn)換；defend防衛(wèi)。[答案]B5．Theincomesofmaleprofessionalswentupbyalmost80%.________，part-timewomenworkerssawtheirearningsfall.A．Meanwhile B．AnyhowC．However D．Instead[解析]meanwhile與此同時。anyhow無論如何；however然而；instead而不是。 [答案]A6．Motorists________ofspeedingmaybebannedfromdrivingforayear.A．clarified B．chargedC．polished D．a(chǎn)ccused[解析]accuseof指責(zé)。clarify澄清；charge負(fù)責(zé)；polish磨光。[答案]D7．TomthoughtthatIdidthat________，justtoannoyhim.A．normally B．legallyC．immediately D．deliberately[解析]deliberately故意地。normally正常地；immediately立即；legally合法地。[答案]D8．Herdoctorsuggestedthatshegotothehospitaltohavea________examination.A．severe B．splendidC．thorough D．constant[解析]thorough徹底的，全面的。severe嚴(yán)厲的；splendid輝煌的；constant經(jīng)常的。[答案]C9．Shewasthrownintoa________.Shedidn'tknowwhethertogoorstay.A．process B．dilemmaC．intention D．ceremony[解析]dilemma進(jìn)退兩難的境地。process過程；intention打算；ceremony典禮。[答案]B10．ManyschoolsintheUSAdidnot________ofstudentswearingjeanstoschool.A．a(chǎn)pprove B．supportC．a(chǎn)gree D．promise[解析]approveof同意。support支撐，為及物動詞；agree同意，后跟with；promise答應(yīng)，為及物動詞。[答案]AⅡ.短語填空concentrateon;accuse...of...;keepinmind;inform...of;settowork;dependon;besupposedto;totellthetruth;lookforwardto;aheadof1．Iam________hearingabouty