人教版高一英語必修一Unit4

Unit4wordsrise(rise、rose、risen)vi.(指日月星辰煙等的)升起，水位價(jià)格溫度的上升=goup;起身=getupn.增加增長起伏=increaseraisevt.抬高提高養(yǎng)育飼養(yǎng)（有被動(dòng)）1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Herosefromhischairandbeganhisspeech.3.Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.7.Hisjobisraisingchickens.

8.They_____theirarmsandwavedtouswithjoy.AroseBraisedB4.Pricescontinuetorise.6.Thepriceofthetomatoeshasbeen____recently.raised5.Hertemperatureisstill________.rising2.smellyadj.發(fā)臭的；有臭味的smelly是有smell這個(gè)詞加上后綴-y而形成的。也就是說n+-y可以變成adj.，如：blood+-y=bloodyrain+-y=rainycloud+-y=cloudywind+-y=windysnow+-y=snowygreed+-y=greedydream+-y=dreamytaste+-y=tasty

ice+-y=icyfat+-y=fattymud+-y=muddyfog+-y=foggy

sun+-y=sunny流血的多云的下雪的幻想的冷漠的，冰的泥濘的肥胖的下雨的多風(fēng)的貪婪的美味的陽光燦爛的有霧的3.burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂，爆發(fā);(堤壩等)決口短語：突然……burstinto+n；burstout+doingeg:她突然笑起來。Sheburstoutlaughing.Sheburstinto.他突然大哭起來。Heburstoutcrying.Heburstinto.n.突然爆裂，爆發(fā)短語：aburstof…一陣…eg:一陣笑聲laughtertearsaburstoflaughter勃然大怒aburstofangerburstintoburstwith闖入充滿4.eventn.事件，大事;賽事,(體育比賽等的)項(xiàng)目辨析event,affair,matter,thing,business側(cè)重大事，要事，有意義或不尋常之事，或體育賽事，演出或聚會(huì)“復(fù)雜的，較多的事情，事務(wù)”，常用復(fù)數(shù)affairs表示商業(yè)事務(wù)或政府的日常事務(wù)，如財(cái)政管理，外交事務(wù)等。側(cè)重指須留心的要事或問題，難題Theelectionwasthemaineventof1999.這次選舉是1999年的主要大事。Heshowsgreatinterestininternationalaffairs.他對(duì)國際事務(wù)很感興趣。Don’tworry.We’lllookintothemattersoon.別著急，我們將很快調(diào)查此事。辨析event,affair,matter,thing,business最普通的用詞，意為“事情，事務(wù)”，不管大事小事，好事壞事均可稱為thing；復(fù)數(shù)things還可作“形式，情況”解作“事務(wù)”解時(shí)一般不能用復(fù)數(shù)，常指所指派的任務(wù)，責(zé)任；有時(shí)說的是指派的工作或商業(yè)性的買賣活動(dòng)Whatisthenextthingwehavetodo.我們下一步必須做的事是什么？Studentsinthecoursemustlearnaboutallaspectsofbusiness.學(xué)這門課程的學(xué)生主要商業(yè)的各方面知識(shí)。5.atanend結(jié)束，終結(jié)eg:炎熱的天氣終于結(jié)束了。Thehotdaysareatlastatanend.Thehotdayscometoanendatlast.beatanend=cometoanend結(jié)束短語：putanendto…=bring…toanend使…結(jié)束eg:他們應(yīng)該結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭。Theyshouldputanendtothewar.Theyshouldbringthewartoanend.辨析：atanend,intheend,attheendof,bytheendof…………1).atanend:表示“終結(jié)，結(jié)束”，與be動(dòng)詞連用。eg:戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了。Thewarwasatanend.=Thewarcametoanend.2).intheend:表示“最終，終于”，單獨(dú)使用作狀語。eg:最終他們放棄了那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。Theygaveuptheplanintheend.(atlast)3).attheendof:表示“在…的盡頭/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父親要回家。Myfatherwillcomehomeattheendofthisyear.Heisattheendofhispatience.

他已經(jīng)忍耐到極限了。4).bytheendof:到…末為止，常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。bytheendoflast…用于過去完成時(shí)bytheendofnext…用于將來完成時(shí)eg:到上個(gè)月末為止，他在那條船上已經(jīng)待了兩年。Bytheendoflastmonth,hehadbeenonthatshipfortwoyears.到下學(xué)期末為止，我將學(xué)會(huì)3000多個(gè)英語單詞。Iwillhavelearnedmorethan3000Englishwordsbytheendofnextterm.6.nationn.民族，國家，國民單詞積累：nationaladj.國家的，民族的，國營的nationalityn.國籍辨析：nation,country,state側(cè)重指“人民”，即“國民”Thewholenationwasindeepsorrow.舉國悲痛。側(cè)重指“疆土”，即“國土”。HehasbeentomanyAfricancountries.他去過許多非洲國家。側(cè)重指“政權(quán)”“政體”，即“國權(quán)”He’saheadofstate.他是一位國家元首。7.ruinn.【C】倒塌的建筑物，廢墟短語：be/lieinruins倒塌，破敗不堪fallintoruins衰落，敗落eg:現(xiàn)在這座城市已成為一片廢墟了。Thecitynowis/liesinruins.n.【U】毀壞，毀滅，滅亡

vt.(完全地)毀壞，毀掉，使破產(chǎn)辨析：ruin,destroy,damage1).ruin一般指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打擊的結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的活希望中的事物的破壞。2).destroy表示在肉體上，精神上或道義上徹底摧毀，使之無法復(fù)原，也可以表示對(duì)某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀滅。3).damage一般指對(duì)物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價(jià)值或作用降低或變得無價(jià)值，無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力的或長期損害的結(jié)果，可修復(fù)。8.injurevt.損害，傷害單詞積累：injuredadj.受傷的injuryn.傷害，損害辨析：injure,hurt,wound,harm指損害健康，成就，容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的喪失，常指事故中的傷害普通用語，既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上，感情上的傷害指槍傷，刀傷，刺傷等皮肉之傷，尤指戰(zhàn)場上所受的傷一般指傷害有生命的東西，常指傷及人的健康，權(quán)利，事業(yè)等Abulletinjuredhislefteye.一顆子彈傷了他的左眼。Idon’twanttohurtyou.我不想傷害你。Thesoldierwaswoundedbadly.這位士兵嚴(yán)重受傷。Smokingseriouslyharmedhishealth.吸煙嚴(yán)重地?fù)p害了他的健康。9.shockvi.&vt.(使)震驚，震動(dòng)n.休克，打擊，震驚單詞積累：shocking令人震驚的，令人吃驚的shocked震驚的，吃驚的短語：beshockedby/at對(duì)…感到吃驚eg:對(duì)這個(gè)消息他并未感到吃驚。Hewasn’tshockedby/atthisnews.辨析：shock,surprise表示來得突然，而且常指不好的事情Chuck’sdeathcameasacompleteshocktoallofus.查克的去世讓我們大家都感到十分的震驚。表示意外的事情，但不一定是不好的事情ItwasquiteasurprisetoknowIwasactuallygoodatdrawing.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己原來對(duì)畫畫很在行，真叫人大感意外。10.rescuen.&vt.援救；營救短語：rescuefrom…從…中救出…cometosb’srescue=gotosb’srescue營救某人eg:他們救了一個(gè)溺水的男孩。Theyrescuedaboyfromdrowning(淹死，溺死).辨析：rescue,save1).rescue救助，援救，營救。重在強(qiáng)調(diào)迅速行動(dòng)，從直接的，迫在眉睫的危險(xiǎn)中解救。eg:Ateamwassentawaytorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.一個(gè)小隊(duì)被派去營救困在火中的人。2).save救，救助，拯救。為普通用詞，使用廣泛，常指把處于危險(xiǎn)或危急狀態(tài)的人或事物解救出來，使之得以保全。eg:Theycouldthinkofnowaytosavethesituation.他們想不出什么辦法來挽救局勢。11.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋，隱藏eg:她被安葬在她丈夫的墳邊。Shewasburiedbesideherhusband’sgrave.她雙手捂著臉哭了起來。Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandcried.短語：buryoneselfin…=beburiedin….專心于…，埋首于…bendone’smind/efforts/thoughtsto…devoteoneselfto…=bedevotedto…專心于…，獻(xiàn)身于…belostin…陷入…中12.sheltern.掩蔽，躲避處，避難，保護(hù)短語：takeshelterfrom…躲避…vt.&vi.庇護(hù)，掩護(hù)(常與from搭配使用)意為“保護(hù)…不受…的傷害/侵害”eg:人們?cè)诎儇浬虉龆惚荜囉辍eopletookshelterfromtheshowerinthedepartmentstore.那些樹木庇護(hù)田地不受冷風(fēng)侵襲。Thetreesshelterthefieldfromthecoldwind.13.damagen.&vt.損失，損害eg:Smokingcandamageyourhealth.抽煙會(huì)損害你的健康。短語：dodamageto…對(duì)…造成損害14.frightenvt.使驚嚇，嚇唬frightenedadj.受驚的，受恐嚇的frighteningadj.令人恐懼的短語：befrightenedat…受…驚嚇，見…大吃一驚befrightenedofsb/sth害怕某人/某物同義詞：shock近義詞：surprise15.expressvt.表示，表達(dá)短語：expressoneself表達(dá)自己的意見或感情expresssthtosb向某人表達(dá)某事eg:他向我們致謝。Heexpressedhisthankstous.單詞積累：expressionn.表達(dá)，表情WarmingupHowmanyNatureDisasters

doyouknow?typhoon

tornado,hurricaneseismicseawave/tsunamivolcaniceruptionsandstormthunderstormdroughtfloodfirehurricaneEarthquakeWenchuanEarthquakeCanyoudescribehowterribletheearthquakewas?2008.5.12Thecitylayinruins.破敗不堪Thebuildingsfelldown.倒塌Roadsmightcrack.

開裂Manypeoplewerekilledorinjured.受傷的Agreatnumberofpeoplelosttheirhomes.許多，大量AterribleearthquakehappenedinIndia.Tangshan,HebeiJuly28th,19761)

Doyouknowwhatwouldhappenbeforeanearthquake?2)Whatcanwedotokeepourselvessafefromanearthquake?DiscussionGuess:whatmayhappenbeforeanearthquake?BrightlightsflashintheskyAnimalsaretoonervous,suchascows,dogs,horses,andsnakes,etc.MiceranoutofthefieldsFishjumpedoutofbowlsandponds.Therewerecracksonthewells.Thewaterinthewellroseandfell.Don’tbenervousandkeepcalm.Don’ttrytorunoutoftheclassroom.Protectyourheadbyputtingyourbagonyourhead.Squatorsitdownunderyourdesk.Leavetheclassroomaftertheearthquake.THEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPANIGHTReadingImagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.

imagine:formamentalpicture

imagine+n./pron.

imaginesb.tobe

shake:使搖晃，發(fā)抖，搖動(dòng)shakehandswithsb.同某人握手shakesbbythehand=shakesb'shand.Languagepointsrightaway:atonce;innotime;immediatelyrightnow:atthisverymomentMakeupyourmind___________.I’llreturnthebook___________.rightnowrightawayHe_____fromhischairwhenthedoorbellrang.Herjobis_______chickens.Hertemperatureisstill______.He________inrankrecently.2.risevi.rose,risen

上升;升起;上漲;升高;增加raisevt.raised,raised

舉起,抬起，喂養(yǎng)roseraisingrisinghasrisensmelly:smell+y=adj.

smelln./v(smelt/smelled)Theywereallhungryandthefood______good.Ican______somethingburninginthekitchen.Pleasethrowthe_______fishaway.smeltsmellsmelly3.A______gascame_____thecracks.smellyoutof4.…thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedand_____.burstburst可以作動(dòng)詞，意為：使爆炸;使破裂；突然發(fā)生，突然出現(xiàn)。常構(gòu)成短語burstintosth.或burstoutdoingsth.，表示“突然開始（做某事）”，如：burstintotears=burstoutcrying（表示“突然哭起來”）。也可以作名詞，意為：爆炸。例如：[即學(xué)即練]根據(jù)burst的用法，完成下列句子。1.Everyoneintheroomburstout_________(laugh).2.Shefoundtherewere________(burst)inthewellwalls.laughingbursts5.Itseemedasiftheworld…1)asif似乎，好像=asthoughShespoketomeasifsheknewme.她和我說話的神情，好像她早就認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。2)asif在表語從句中相當(dāng)于that:Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.看起來會(huì)議沒完沒了。本文中asif的用法就是第二種。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!=Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!Itseemedthattheworldwas________.atanendattheendof用于表示具體事物或場所的場合，它也可以用來表示比喻意;bytheendof用于表示時(shí)間的場合，到……結(jié)束的時(shí)候，用于過去完成時(shí)態(tài);intheend意思“最后、終于”。Compare:

attheendofbytheendofintheend1)Hisfatherwillreturnhome___________thisyear.2)Hewillbeascientist__________.3)HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned____________lastterm?attheendofintheendbytheendof6.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayin_____.ruinslie(lay,lain):tobe,remainorbekeptinacertainstateinruins:severelydamagedordestroyedCompare:ruin;destroy;damage①damage指部分“損壞”、“損害”、“破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。它可以用作動(dòng)詞,也可以用作名詞,用作名詞時(shí)常與tosomething連用。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.②destroy只能用作動(dòng)詞,指徹底破壞,以致不可能修復(fù),常作“破壞”、“毀滅”解,也可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.③ruin則表示破壞嚴(yán)重,以致不能修復(fù),但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)致使該物的使用價(jià)值發(fā)生了問題。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),它作

“使毀滅”、

“使崩潰”、“弄糟”解;用作名詞時(shí),它表示“毀滅”、“瓦解”、“廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。Thefireruinedthecastle.Thehousehasfallenintoruin.Thecompanyisfacingruin.Thevillage___inruinsafterthewar.Thesemachineshave____idlesincethefactoryclosed.Anearthquakeleftthewholetown_______.Hiscareeris________.laylaininruinsinruinsEverywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwas_________.destroyedHe______hisgirlfriend’sprospectsruinedSoftwood________easily.damages7.Two-thirds

ofthepeoplediedorwere_______duringtheearthquake.injuredMorethan61%ofthesurfaceoftheearth____coveredbywater.Seventypercentoftheworkersinthisfactory____young.以百分?jǐn)?shù)作為主語的，謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)還是負(fù)數(shù)取決于百分?jǐn)?shù)后面跟的名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)的。isare請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完成下列句子。1.________(三分之一)ofthestudentsinourclass____(be)girls.2.__________(五分之三)ofthesoil__________(wash)awaybythefloodlastnight.3.______(一半)ofthedesksinthisschool________(make)inhiscompany.4.______(大部分的)ofthelecturehemadeyesterday______(be)interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswaswashedHalfaremadeMostwas5._________________(數(shù)萬)people_____________(dance)inthebigsquarenow.6.Therewere____________(一萬)studentstakingpartintheexamyesterday.7._________________(百分之九十)ofthemountain__________(cover)bytrees.iscoveredTensofthousandsofaredancingtenthousand90%/90percentCompare:injure;hurt;wound

injure:tohurtoneself/sb./sth.physically三者都可表示受傷，傷害。hurt可指對(duì)身體上的傷害，也指對(duì)心靈造成的傷害。wound一般指外傷，如刀傷、槍傷等，尤其指在戰(zhàn)爭中，打斗中受傷。injure一般是指在事故中受傷，往往意為“外傷”。Theircriticisms_________himdeeply.Smokingwill________hishealth.Hewasslightly________inthecaraccident.Hegot_________inthefighting.Whatyousaid_____myfeeling.havehurtinjuredinjuredwoundedhurt8.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.[分析]a.這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列復(fù)合句。b.本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：第一個(gè)分句（Thousandsoffamilieswerekilled）+and+第二個(gè)分句（manychildrenwereleftwithoutparents）。c.第二個(gè)分句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語（manychildren）+謂語（wereleft）+主語補(bǔ)足語（withoutparents）。d.可以充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的還有形容詞、分詞、不定式、名詞或句子等。[仿寫]________________________________________________________________________（有這么多作業(yè)要做，我怎么能輕松起來呢？）HowcouldIfeelrelaxedwithsomuchhomeworktodo?9.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.coverv.遮蓋，遮蔽，報(bào)道，占有..面積becoveredwith/by被...覆蓋Thefieldiscoveredwithsnow.cover...with..用...蓋...Hecoveredthetablewithatable-cloth.Shewillstaythere,coveringthewholegame.Ourorchardscover(anareaof)1000mu.10.Trap閱讀下列句子，注意trap的意思及用法。1)Theelevatorbrokedownandweweretrappedinside(it).2)Imusttakenonoticeoftheirpolitenessorkindnesswhichwasdesignedtotrapmeintogivinginformation.3)Ifwe’relucky,thethiefwillfallrightintoourtrap.4)Tobreakoutofthetraptheyneedhelpfromthegovernment.[自我歸納]trap可以作_____，意為：___________（句1）。可以構(gòu)成短語o(doing)sth.，表示“使中計(jì)；使陷入圈套”（句2）。也可以作名詞,意為：_____（句3）；_____（句4）。動(dòng)詞使陷入困境困境陷阱[即學(xué)即練]根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示完成句子。1.Iknewperfectlywell_____________(這是一個(gè)陷阱).2.Bycleverquestioning,they______________(誘使他)makinganagreement.itwasatraptrappedhiminto[考點(diǎn)]last在此句中意為“持續(xù)，延續(xù)”?？蓡为?dú)使用，也可后接for+一段時(shí)間（for可以省略）。11.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.[考例]Theeveningnewscomesonatseveno’clockand______onlythirtyminutes.(2004全國卷II)A.keeps B.continuesC.finishesD.lasts[點(diǎn)撥]根據(jù)句意“……只持續(xù)30分鐘”，排除C；keep意為“維持，保持”時(shí)，后接形容詞作表語，排除A;continue指繼續(xù)做某事；last指某事持續(xù)了多長時(shí)間。12.Allhopewasnotlost.[考點(diǎn)]all...not=notall...意為“并不都……”，是部分否定。當(dāng)all,both及every的合成詞與not連用時(shí)，表示部分否定；完全否定要用no,never,nowhere,none,neither,nothing,nobody等。[考例]Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith______.(NMET1997)A.everything B.anythingC.something D.nothing[點(diǎn)撥]根據(jù)前面的“我同意你說的大部分”，暗示“我并不同意所有的”，可知是部分否定，選A。not...everything表示的是部分否定。13.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.digout挖掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)bury:A.toplaceinthegroundB.tooccupy(oneself)withdeepconcentration;absorbThedogburiedtheboneintheground.Iburiedmyselfinmystudies.buryoneselfin=beburiedindevoteoneselfto=bedevotedtoa.這是一個(gè)含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。b.本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語（Thearmy）+謂語（organized）+賓語（teams）+目的狀語（todigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead）。c.whoweretrapped是定語從句，修飾先行詞those。d.and連接兩個(gè)不定式短語作目的狀語。14.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.[考點(diǎn)]whose意為“……的”，在定語從句中作關(guān)系代詞，后接名詞。當(dāng)前面的先行詞與后面的名詞構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，就用關(guān)系代詞whose。其先行詞可以是人，也可以是物。[考例]Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(天津2005)A.that B.whoseC.those D.what[點(diǎn)撥]因from前是逗號(hào)，可判斷出后面是一個(gè)定語從句，排除those；從句部分與先行詞之間的關(guān)系為：thepeoplearestillsufferingfromtheeffectsofthefloods，whose指代ofthefloods,在句中作定語，故此題選B。Jointhecorrectpartsofthesentences.Doafastreadingofthepassage.2The

peopledidn’tworrybecause

1Thechickensdidn’teatbecause

Ctheywerenervous.Etheydidn’tknowwhatthestrangeeventsmeant.3Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecause4Waterwasneededbecause5ThepeopledidnotlosehopebecauseDdamsandwellswereuseless.Bthequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.A

thearmycametohelpthem.

Secondreading:

Structureofthetextshockeddestroyed2-3noonenoticedStrangethings1freshwatershelterstobury4DetailsofeachpartThirdreading:Part1Part2Part3roseandfelldeepcracks,smellygasranoutof,lookingforplacestohidetoonervoustoeatjumpedoutbrightlightssoundofplanesheardevennoplanescrackedandburstPart1Data(數(shù)據(jù))______ofthenationfelttheearthquake.Ahugecrackthatwas__kilometreslongand

_____metreswidecutacrosshouses.In___terriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.

____ofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan________.Allofthecity’shospitals,_____ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand_____ofitshomesweregone.1/3830152/3400,00075%90%Para.2-3Thesenumbersshowthedestructiveeffectsofearthquakedirectlytouswhichcanhelpusgainmoreinformationabouttheearthquake.HowthearmyhelpedthepeopleinTangshan?Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythosewhoweretrapped.☆Minerswererescuedfromthecoalmines.☆Shelterswerebuiltforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.☆Freshwaterwastakentothecity.☆Part3:AftertheearthquakePost-reading:Retellthestory____________happenedinTangShan.Forafewdays,waterinthewells_____________.Fromthe______ofwells__________comeout.Mice,chicken,pigsandevenfishbecame________.At3:00am,everythingbeganto______.Itseemedthattheworldwas_________._________ofthenation____it.___________cutacrossthecity.Thecitylay_______.StrangethingsroseandfellcrackssmellygasnervousshakeatanendOne-thirdfeltAhugecrackinruinsTwo-thirdsofthepeople_____or___________.Thenlaterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake______TangShan.Peoplebegantowonder___________________________.Butallhope____________._______cametohelpthose________.Slowly,thecitybeganto_____________.diedwereinjuredshookhowlongthedisasterwouldlastwasnotlostSoldiersbreatheagainsurvivorsDiscussionWhatcanwedotoreducethedamageofearthquakes?keys1.Buildhousesalongthelineswheretwooftheearth’splatesjointogether;2.Buildthehousesonrockthanonsand.3.Makethehousesasstrongaspossible,weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake.

TheAttributiveClause

定語從句：由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語從句的位置：在名詞或代詞后先行詞：

被定語從句修飾的詞引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞

引導(dǎo)詞的作用:(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句(2)在從句中作一成份(3)代替先行詞在從句中的位置thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.Theboy

whoishandsomeisTom.Theboy

whoistallisTom.Theboy

whoisstrongisTomTheboy

whoiscleverisTomTheboy

whoisnaughtyisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.

(主語)Theboy

whohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Thewomangotthejob.

ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman

whocanspeakRussian

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.

(賓語)

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreet

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.

Ex:Heistheteacher.Theteachercanspeak

French.HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.Doyouknowtheman?

Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?Theladysteppedonhisfoot.

Hewasdancingwiththelady.Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.Doyouknowtheman?

Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday?appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.

Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.

Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich(主語)iseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?

Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)(賓語)youtalkedaboutlastnight.

that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.

4.

that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,

一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething

(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時(shí)。(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。(5)先行詞是who或who引導(dǎo)的主句。

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引導(dǎo)時(shí)

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作be表語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.(8)當(dāng)先行詞是which時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree____isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_____Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Myhometownisnotthesameone_______itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthat

who,that

（先行詞為人）區(qū)別1.用who不用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時(shí)。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise2.只能用which,不用that的情況:

1.介詞前置時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which(先行詞為物)2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾某物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.whose

在定語從句中作定語,表示引導(dǎo)詞與whose

后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與ofwhich互換使用。

Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.ThisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblueThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblueDoyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairis

thehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHeisthestudentwhosepencil

thepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou..Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebroken

isbeingrepairednow.

Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout….HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKingThisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,

islikedbyallthestudentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.1

Theriver___arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2

shelikestousewords___iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmea