B7 M4-Grammar課件(外研選修7Module4)

Module4MusicborninAmerica高二第七冊(cè)Grammar1Adverbialclausesoftimepartsofthesesentencesindicatethe“time”.ThemomentIgetthemoneyI'llsendtheticket.Iwasjustgettingintothebathwhenthetelephonerang.Hegetsmoreattractiveashegetsolder.WheneverIgotheretheyseemtobeintrouble.I'vebeenverybusysinceIcamebackfromholiday.（1）when,as,while（從屬連詞）

when既可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前或之后。如：

WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同時(shí)）

Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（從句動(dòng)作在前）WhenIreachedthecinema,thefilmhadbegun.as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewalk.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.while指的是“在某一時(shí)間里”，“在……期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。如：WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.當(dāng)when,as,while表示“在…一段時(shí)間里”，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如：While(When/As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.*when可表示“如果”。如：Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_____itisneeded.(2003全國(guó)）A.UnlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when*while可表示“雖然，盡管”。如：1)____modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.(2004浙江）A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.Ifwhen和while（并列連詞）while表示對(duì)照的意思；when表示“這時(shí)，突然……”1）

_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(2004江蘇）A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2)Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.(2002上海）A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3)Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(2004北京春）A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before4)Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.(2004上海）A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.before(2)till和until

①如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到……為止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.1)Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity_____hereachestheendofthestory.(2003上海）A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until2)Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad___wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(2004遼寧）

A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever②如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用否定式的主句表示“直到……才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.3)---Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?---Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_____hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.(2003春）A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when③Notuntil放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句要到裝。4)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver___howseriousthepollutionwas.(1995全國(guó))A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize*如果before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成“在……之前”，而要譯成“就”、“才”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.(3)before“在……之前”BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay.1)Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup____Icouldanswerthephone.(2000全國(guó)）A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before2)Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.(2003北京）A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as3)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(2004福建）A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when4)Itwasevening_____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(2004天津）A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before(4)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.注意：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用任何一種將來(lái)時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,Igaveittoher______Isawher.(2001全國(guó)春）A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once,themoment,immediately,nosooner…than,hardly…when,bythetime,everytime,lasttime…等。高考鏈接ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime_____wemeetthemagain.(2007安徽)A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.whenHewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths________hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.(2007江西)A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.thatItisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife______we’veactuallyhadthatlesson.(2007天津)A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when--Where’sthatreport?--Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday.(2007北京)A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before高考鏈接I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime____Briangetsback.(2008北京)A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.afterIusedtolovethatfilm______Iwasachild,butIdon’tfeelitthatwayanymore.(2008遼寧)A.once B.when C.sinceD.although高考鏈接高考鏈接Thereweresomechairsleftover___everyonehadsatdown.(2008四川)A.whenB.untilC.thatD.whereNancyenjoyedherselfsomuch____shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.(2008福建)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where我一見(jiàn)到他就告訴他這個(gè)消息。(assoonas)2.她一來(lái)到教室，就開(kāi)始讀英語(yǔ)。(assoonas)I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.Assoonasshecameintotheclassroom,shebegantoreadEnglish.Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinbrackets.Exercises3.我剛一到家天就下雨了。(nosooner…than…)Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.4.他剛做完試卷，鈴聲就響了。(hardly…when…)Hehadhardlyfinishedthetestwhenthebellrang.Hardlyhadhefinishedthetestwhenthebellrang.5.他一來(lái)，你就可立即離開(kāi)。(immediately)6.我一見(jiàn)到你，就認(rèn)出你來(lái)了。(themoment)Youmayleaveimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedyouthemomentIsawyou.7.每次見(jiàn)面，他都向我問(wèn)候，說(shuō)“你好！”(eachtime/everytime)8.到18歲的時(shí)候，她已大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。(bythetime)Hegreetedwith“hello!”eachtimehesawme.Bythetimeshewas18,shehadalreadygraduatedfromtheuniversity.Grammar2Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’tcometoschooltoseemethenextday.Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’t.避免重復(fù),減少累贅EllipsesLookatthefollowingsentences,saywhichoneisbetterandwhy.省略句:為了避免重復(fù),省略句中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分,這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。EllipsesSorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Seenthemoviebefore?I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Haveyouseenthemoviebefore?連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)，突出信息Addwordswhichhavebeenleftoutandrewritethesentences.Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobin1998.--Whatdidyoudoyesterday? --Justslept.Nothingelse.Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobwasthewinnerin1998.--Ijustslept.Ididnothingelse.簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1.在對(duì)話中--Howisyourmothertoday?--(Sheis)Muchbetter.2.在祈使句中（You)Openthedoor,please.3.在感嘆句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.表示講話人的意見(jiàn)和看法(It)Soundsfinetome.(It’sa)Pityyoucouldn’tcome.5.提問(wèn)(Isthere)Anythingwrong?(Haveyou)Foundthebike?6.名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過(guò)的事物Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.7.前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞在下文再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)可以單純使用不定式符號(hào)toI.--Willyougowithme?--Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).II.--Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?--No,wecan’taffordto(gototheseaside).并列句中的省略1.后面分句中與前面相同的部分常被省略。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.2.有時(shí)并列句中的省略部分出現(xiàn)在前面的分句中，看完最后一個(gè)分句才能掌握全句的完整意義。Marycan(speakEnglish)

andMaryoughttospeakEnglish.慣用的省略結(jié)構(gòu)1.無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句，無(wú)主句祝愿句，這類句子往往用感嘆號(hào)。IfonlyIcouldrememberhisname!2.固定句型How/Whatabout+n./pron./-ing。Whataboutsomemoremilk?3.Whynot+省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式。Whynotgoatonce?復(fù)合句中的省略1.主句中的省略1)主句的省略多見(jiàn)于句首，多用于口語(yǔ)。(It’sa)Pityyoucouldn’tcome.2)在對(duì)話中答句省去整個(gè)主句只用從句。--ShallIgotoplay?--Ifyoulike(youcangotoplay).2.賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引導(dǎo)詞。Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(youpassme).2)在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等開(kāi)頭的作答句中，后面跟so與not分別用于肯定或否定賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可省去。--Doyouthinkitwillrain?--Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).3.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略1）狀語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在句末時(shí)，一般都可以作句尾省略。Comingswimming?Youdon’thaveto(comingswimming)ifyoudon’twantto(comingswimming).2)有時(shí)條件從句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).3)以as,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(2002全國(guó))A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun高考鏈接狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句的主語(yǔ)和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，且狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有be動(dòng)詞，從句的主語(yǔ)連同be可一起省略，該類狀語(yǔ)從句多為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步等，連詞為when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后面通常接分詞、不定式、形容詞、名詞等。2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.(2004湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考鏈接關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)且不位于介詞之后可以省略。3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.(1999上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone高考鏈接不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式省略to。4.---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?---Notatall.________.(1995全國(guó))A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto高考鏈接動(dòng)詞love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留to不定式符號(hào)。5.---Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?---______.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.(2004江蘇)A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso高考鏈接替代詞so/not用于避免重復(fù)前面所說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，代替肯定的名詞性從句。可與動(dòng)詞believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等及I’mafraid連用?？隙〞r(shí)上列動(dòng)詞都可與so搭配，否定時(shí)hope與guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式，而think,believe,suppose等詞可有兩種否定形式，即：I…not.或Idon’t…so.6._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(1994上海)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will高考鏈接在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)條件從句有were,had,should時(shí)省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句式。在含有建議、要求、命令等相關(guān)的名詞性從句用should+V，should可以省略。7.---Let’sgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.---_____Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?(2004重慶)A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,I’dliketoD.Whynot?高考鏈接省略在會(huì)話中廣泛應(yīng)用，解題時(shí)應(yīng)按照問(wèn)話或答語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整,做好該類題型一是要注意上下文語(yǔ)境，二是要注意常見(jiàn)句式的省略。英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)句式的省略有：1.Itis…(that…)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中that部分省略。2.(Itis)Nowonder…(難怪……)3.(Isthere)Anythingelse?4.(You’d)Betterdo…5.havesomedifficulty(in)doing,preventsb.(from)doingsth.等詞組中8.---Wheredidyouseehimlastnight?---Itwasinthehotel____hestayed.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./補(bǔ)全強(qiáng)調(diào)句式that部分：Itwasinthehotel（wherehestayed）

thatIsawhimlastnight.hotel后為定語(yǔ)從句。高考鏈接1.--WasMartinsorryforwhathe’ddone?--___.Itwasjustlikehim!(2007安徽)A.Nevermind B.AllrightC.NotreallyD.Notsurprisingly2.--Wehavebookedaroomfortodayandtomorrow.--_______,sir.(2007全國(guó)Ⅱ)A.I’msureB.MypleasureC.It’sallrightD.I’llcheck3.Weallknowthat,__________,thesituationwillgetworse.(2007全國(guó)Ⅰ)A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith高考鏈接4.--Dad!Tom’sbrokenaglass!(2007四川)--___.Accidentswillhappen.