初三中考閱讀講解

中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)與推理判斷技能訓(xùn)練Aims閱讀理解中詞義猜測(cè)技能訓(xùn)練

Guessingskills2.閱讀理解中推理判斷技能訓(xùn)練

Inferringskills詞義猜測(cè)技能訓(xùn)練題型特點(diǎn)：1、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)生詞、短語(yǔ)、句子的意思，或者推斷熟詞生義;2、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷代詞指代的內(nèi)容。標(biāo)志性詞匯：underlinedwordmeanreferto(指的是)bereplacedbytaketheplaceofbetheclosestmeaningto

題干形式：1.Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“___”.2.Theunderlinedword“…”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto____.3.What’sthemeaningoftheword“…”inthepassage?4.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4probablyrefersto____.5.Thephrase“…”(Paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby____.詞義猜測(cè)解題技巧猜上下文經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)構(gòu)詞法定義Areyouready?1.Alinguist,anexpertonlanguages,isalwayslistening.4.Travelersindesertsalwaysbringwiththemcompasses,akindofveryhelpfulinstrumentsthathelpthemtoknowthedirections.3.IhavefoundLucy’squitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomemoneytohim.4.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisfriends,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.詞義猜測(cè)例題-1語(yǔ)言學(xué)家（定義）指南針（常識(shí)）慷慨的（上下文）不能通行的構(gòu)詞法Youcandoit!1.Thepolicemanaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.jobB.studyC.nameD.interest.2.Heansweredquickly,butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.A.carefulB.hardC.goodD.quick詞義猜測(cè)例題-2Pair-work

SammieWelchwastravelingwithherthree-year-oldsonRylanfromBirminghamtoPlymouthlastThursday.Shetriedtokeephimhappyonthejourney.“Hewaseatinghisdinner!Wewerelaughingatthefactthathekeptcallinghisgrapesstrawberries,”MsWelchsaid.“Henormallygetsquiteboredandrowdyonlongtrains.SowewereplayingtogetherandIwastryingtokeephimhappyandquietasmuchasIcould.”Theunderlinedword“rowdy”inthefirstparagraphmaymean_________.A.upsetB.noisyC.luckyD.smart詞義猜測(cè)例題-3詞義猜測(cè)技巧小結(jié)猜上下文經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)構(gòu)詞法定義推理判斷技能訓(xùn)練題型特點(diǎn)：推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章言外之意的理解.一般根據(jù)已知的材料，推斷深層次或未知的信息。標(biāo)志性詞匯：(1).實(shí)意動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)

imply/suggest(暗示)

conclude(推理)intend(打算，意圖)purpose(目的)learnmean

describe

(2).表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can，could，might，would(3).表示可能性的副詞：probably，mostlikely

推理判斷題的主要類型推斷隱含意義推斷文章出處推斷情緒情感推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷作者讀者推斷寫作目的1.推斷隱含意義

根據(jù)文章的某個(gè)句子、段落或全文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到的或者沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。題干形式：1.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.2.Whatcanbeinferred(推論)fromParagraph3?3.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply(暗示)?4.Itcanbeconcluded(得出結(jié)論)that_____.推理判斷技能-1

解題方法：1.找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)；2.理解信息點(diǎn)的字面意義；3.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)行邏輯推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：1.似是而非：只是對(duì)原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，而不是依據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。2.夸大事實(shí)：夸大文章的事實(shí)或證據(jù)。3.推理過(guò)度：選項(xiàng)過(guò)于絕對(duì)化或片面化，有時(shí)出現(xiàn)only,all等詞語(yǔ)，結(jié)論不符合邏輯。4.摻入常識(shí)；選項(xiàng)根據(jù)常識(shí)是正確的，但不是文章中的證據(jù)推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。

Haveatry!Bodylanguageisthemostpowerfullanguageofall.Ourbodymovementsexpressabout50%ofwhatwereallymean.Andwordsthemselvesonlydo7%.Sowhileyourmouthisclosed,itisyourbodylanguagethatisexpressing.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theimportanceofbodylanguage.B.Thedevelopmentofbodylanguage.C.Thebestwaytocommunicatewithothers.D.Howtoavoidmakingmistakesattheoffice.推斷隱含意義例題2.推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度

推斷作者對(duì)某事或某人的看法或觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。

題干形式：1.Accordingtotheauthor,_______.2.Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is_______.3.Whatistheauthor’sopinionof…?4.Howdidthewriterthinkof/feelabout…?

推理判斷技能-2

解題方法:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和作者的措辭推斷其觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度是positive(肯定的)、negative(否定的)、subjective(主觀的)、objective(客觀的)、complaining(抱怨的)、regretful(后悔的)、admiring(贊賞的)、critical(批評(píng)的)、dissatisfied(不滿意的)、respectful(有禮貌的)、disapproving(反對(duì)的)

、doubtful(懷疑的)干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：

干擾項(xiàng)符合某些考生的觀點(diǎn)或看法，但文中沒(méi)有信息支持；

干擾項(xiàng)與文章無(wú)關(guān)或與作者的觀點(diǎn)相反。切忌：主觀臆斷Yes，Ican!Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutisrobbery,disasters,anddeath.Tobehonest,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Thiswriteris_____thenewspaperreporting.A.pleasedwithB.patientwithC.notsatisfiedwithD.notangrywith推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度例題3.推斷情緒情感

推斷作者或文中人物在某種特定情境下的情感狀態(tài)。

題干形式：1.Howdidtheauthorfeelabout…?2.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafter…?3.Whatdosbthinkofsth?

解題方法：1.注意勾畫出表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞；2.作者當(dāng)時(shí)的情感狀態(tài)可能是：happy、excited、proud、surprised/shocked、worried、upset、frightful、regretful.3.要站在作者或文中人物的角度，設(shè)身處地體會(huì)其真實(shí)情感。

推理判斷技能-3Wecanmakeit!

Johnstonneverforgotawonderfulrideinthemountains.TheridewaschallengingforJohnston,Hehadlittleexperienceonahorseandhelostbothlegs,buthesaidhefeltgreat.Johnston’shorsewascalledSplash.JohnstonsoondiscoveredthatSplashwouldwalkawaywhenhewantedtogetonhim.Itmadehimangry.Johnstonlearnedtogetalongwithhim.ThenSplashbecamemuchmorewillingtoserve.“Hewastheperfecthorseforme.Itriedmybesttoridehimintheday.”Johnstonsaid.WhatdidJohnstonthinkofhisexperience?A.WonderfulB.BoringC.DangerousD.Disappointing.推斷情緒情感例題-1

YaleUniversity(耶魯大學(xué))wantedtokickout(開(kāi)除)ahistorystudentbecausesheistoothin.ThegirlisfromNewJersey,WhosenameisFrancesChan.Sheisn’ttallandweighs90pounds.Theuniversityaskedhertofeedherselfonchocolateandicecreammoresothatshecangetsomeweightsoon.Theweightofthebodyshouldnotbetheonlywaytobalancepeople’shealthinlife.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofYaleUniversity’sdecision?A.UnfairB.CommonC.InterestingD.Right.推斷情緒情感例題-24.推斷寫作目的

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，推斷出作者寫這篇文章的目的或意圖；在理解故事大意的基礎(chǔ)上提煉故事的寓意。題干形式：1.Theauthorintendsto______.2.Thepassageisintendedto______.3.Thepurposeofthepassage/textisto____.4.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticleisto_______.5.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?6.Whichoftheseoldsayingsbestsuitsthestory’slessonforus?7.Whichproverbbestmatchesthestory?推理判斷技能-4解題方法：1.主旨推斷法：主題句(topicsentence)最能體現(xiàn)文章的主旨，多半在首尾段或首尾句。2.文體推斷法：記敘文—使讀者發(fā)笑或產(chǎn)生愉悅感(toentertainreaders)；夾敘夾議文—讓讀者得到某種啟示或受到某種教育；廣告或議論文—說(shuō)服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品服務(wù)或接受某種觀點(diǎn)(topersuadereaders)；科普說(shuō)明文或新聞報(bào)道—告知讀者某些信息(toinformreaders)

Ifoundtherewasahomelessmaninthestreet.Iaskedhimwhathewantedtohavefordinner.Hereplied,“Breadandabottleofwater”.Iranintothestoreandboughtabigbagofbreadandabottleofwater.Ihandedthemtohim.Hissmilehasbeeninmmindeversince.Tilltoday,Istillhaven’tforgottenthatman’ssmile.IwishIhadthecouragetodothismoreoften.Onesmallactioncanbeginarippleeffect(連鎖反應(yīng))ofkindness.Soplease,shareasmileanddosomethingkindforthepeopleinneed.Thestorycallsthereadersto____.A.helpthoseinneedB.lookfortheirdreamsC.valuewhattheyhaveD.facedifficultiesbravely推斷寫作目的例題5.推斷文章出處

推斷所選文段可能來(lái)自何處。

題干形式：Thepassage/textismostlikelytobetakenfrom_______.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?推理判斷技能-5

解題方法：從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷其出處。1.報(bào)紙：文段前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱；2.廣告：用詞和格式特殊；3.雜志：美食、旅游、身體健康方面的信息。HowtoLimitScreenTimeandGetMovingStepawayfromthescreen.DoctorscallwatchingTVorplayingvideogamesscreentime.Youshouldhavenomorethantwohoursofscreentimeaday.Youwillenjoylifemoreifyouliveitinsteadofwatchingit!Choosefoodcarefully.Helpyourfimilyshopforhealthyfood.Readthelabels(標(biāo)簽).Lookforhealthyfoods.Eatlotsoffruitsandvegetables.Stopbuyingsoftdrinksandjunkfoods.Youwillfeelbetterifyoueatright.Exercisewithothers.Findafriendoffamilymembertoexerciseofplaywithyou.Youwillhavemorefunandithelps

keepyouresponsibleforgoing.Wheremightyoufindthispassage?()A.InastoryB.InamagazineC.InaplayD.Inaspeech.推斷文章出處例題6.推斷作者讀者

推斷出文章作者的身份或職業(yè)；或推斷這篇文章主要是寫給誰(shuí)看的。

題干形式：1.Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?2.Whoprobablywrotetheletter/thispassage?3.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor______.4.Whomight