初中英語閱讀理解技巧點撥

初中英語解題技巧——閱讀理解專題

一、先讀問題，弄清考查要點，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。

二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關的信息，如果時間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標題和文章內(nèi)容結合起來想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答題。

閱讀理解四步曲

三、細讀原文，捕捉相關信息詞，掌握短文細節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關鍵，應特別注意以下幾點：

1．抓住四個"W"和一個"H"，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標記，把What(事件)，When（時間），Where（地點），Why（原因），How（經(jīng)過）劃出來。抓住了四個“W”和一個“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。

2．抓住連接詞及起關鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因為這些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點，都具有舉足輕重的作用。

3．注意領會文章的寓意。

4．根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細審題，領會測試要求，確定解題方法。對那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個答案再作推敲而浪費時間：有些略難的題，應再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種：

①直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。

②歸納解題法。對于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進行概括、歸納得出正確答案。

③綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認真分析，綜合推理及至計算，最后歸納出正確答案。

題干中有"suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等字眼時，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，考生應具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。

④捕捉關鍵詞。在閱讀時應該注意與問題相關的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。

⑤轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。

⑥排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結構，信息詞和常識，在沒有把握的選項中用排除法得出正確答案。

四、重讀原文，仔細斟酌核對答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關系，目的在于對所做答案進一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。

閱讀理解題型tureorfauseA,B,CorDAnswerthequestions

一、根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤

Fredtelephonedhiswife.“I’vegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight,”hetoldher.“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.We’llhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre.”

Fred’swifewasverypleased.Theyhadn’tbeentothetheatreforalongtime.Shemetherhusbandashetoldher.Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime.

AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets.“It’sverystrange,”hesaid.“Theyaren’there!”“Tryyourpockets,”saidhiswife.Buttheticketsweren’tthere,either.

ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed(尷尬).“What’sthematter?”askedhiswife.“Well,”Fredsaid,“IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets.Iputtheminmybag.ButbecauseIwasn’tgoinghome,Ileftitintheoffice!”

()1.Oneday,Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre.

()2.Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften.

()3.Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant.

()4.Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly.

()5.ThenFredcouldn’tfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets.

1、T因為第一段中提到Fredtoldhiswife“I’vegottwofreetickets…”“free”此處是免費的意思。

2、F第二段中提到“Theyhadn’tbeentothetheaterforalongtime.”

3、F第一段中Fred說“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.”

4、T第二段中“intime”是及時的意思。5T結尾處提到的。

DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewives(家庭主婦)werenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidn’tgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfume(香水)madebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.

Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesn’tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.

Edisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention.SuccessonceisenoughforEdison.Andthesameforyou—successonceisenough.

()1.McConnellwassuccessfulasabook-seller.

()2.McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent.

()3.Ifyoudonothingatall,youwillneverbesuccessful.

()4.Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning.

()5.Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan.

FTTFT1、F從第一段“Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumestead.”，可以判斷出他在推銷書方面并不成功。

2、T第一段第三行提到“McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,…”。

3、T這句是第二段前兩句的解釋。4、F最后一段，第一句說明Edison的發(fā)明被人們認可后才走上了成功之路。

5、T第二段中作者提出了自己的觀點。

Sociologists(社會學家),workinginwesterncountries,havefoundthatalargenumberofwomenwishedtheyhadbeenbornmen.Thenumberissaidtobeashighas60%inGermany.

“Womenoftenwishtheyhadthesamechancesasmenhave,andthinkitisstillmen’sworld,”saidDrJamesHelen,oneofthesociologistswhodidthestudy.

Manymensaythattheyhavemoredutiesthanwomen.Amanhastomakemoneytosupport(養(yǎng)活)hisfamilyandtomaketheimportantdecision,soitisrightformentobepaidmore.Someareevenagainsttheirwivesworkingatall.Whenwivesgoouttowork,theysay,thehomeandchildrencannotbetakengoodcareof.Ifwomentakefull-timejobs,theywon’tbeabletodowhattheyarebestatdoing:makinganicehomeandbringingupthechildren.

Somewomendisagree.Theysaytheywanttogetoutoftheirhomesandtohavefreedom(自由)tochoosebetweenworkandhomelife.Womenhavetherightofequalpayandequalchances(平等機會).

AnneHarperhasaverygoodjob.Shealsobelievesin“Women’sLiberation(解放).”“Idon’twishIwereaman,”shesays,“andIdon’tthinkmanywomendo.ButIdowishpeoplewouldstoptreating(對待)uslikesecond—classpeople.Atwork,forexample,weusuallydotheworkthatmendobutgetpaidless.Therearestillalotofjobsonlytomen—usuallytheyarethebestones.Ifyouareaman,youhaveamuchbetterchanceoflivingawonderfullife.Howmanywomenscientistsarethere…orengineers?”

()1.manymenthink__________.

A.womencan’tdowhatmencanB.menhavetoworkmuchharderthanwomen

C.mencanmakemoneymoreeasilythanwomen

D.women’sdutyismainlytodohouseworkathome()2.Somewomenhavedifferentideas,Theysaythat__________.

A.womenneedchancestogooutofthehomemoreoften

B.womenwantmorefreedomindecidingthekindoflifetheywant

C.ifwomenaregivenequalpay,theycandoeverythinginsteadofmen

D.womenarenolongerinterestedintakingcareoftheirhomes

()3.AnneHarperdidn’twishtobeaman__________.

A.becauseshebelievedin“Women’sLiberation”

B.butshewishedtogetthesamejobsasmen

C.becauseshehadgotagoodjobD.butshewishedtotreatedthesameasaman

()4.AnneHarperthoughtthat__________.

A.womenshouldliveabetterlifethanmenB.womenshouldbereallyliberated

C.womenshouldbegivenbetterjobsthanmen

D.womenshouldliveamorewonderfullife

()5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Therearemoremenscientists,engineersthanwomenones.

B.Womenaresecond—classpeople,sotheyshouldn’tliveabetterlife.

C.Womendothesamejobsasmen,butgetpaidlessthanmen.

D.TherearesomebestJobsthatwomenhavefewchancestotake.

Haveyoueverheldatoyballoon(氣球)?Theyareverylight.Buttherearemuchbiggerballoons.Theseballoonscanflyveryhighupinthesky.Theyarebigenoughtocarrypeople.Theyarecalledhot-airballoons.

Tomakeahot-airballoongoup,turnontheburner(燃燒器).Thatwillmaketheairinsidetheballoonhotter.Thentheballoonwillgoup.

Tomaketheballoongodown,turnofftheburner.Theairinsidetheballoonwillgetcooler.Thentheballoonwillgodown.

Underneath(在…下面)theballoonthereisalargebasket.Thatiswherethepilot(飛行員)andthepassengers(乘客)go.

Theburnerisjustabovethebasket.Youcanstandinthebasketandturntheburneronandoff.Theballoonwillgowherethewindblowsit.Doyouwanttheballoontogosomewherespecial?Firstmakesurethewindisblowingtherightway!

Peoplehavebeenflyinginhot-airballoonsforovertwohundredyears.Beforeplanesitwastheonlywayofflying.Todaypeopleflyinhotairballoonsforfun.Somepeopleliketoracehot-airballoons.ThefirstHot-AirBalloonWorldChampionship(錦標賽)washeldin1973.

()1.Ahot-airballoonis____________.

A.smallerthanatoyballoonB.biggerthanatoyballoonC.thesameasatoyballoonD.lighterthanatoyballoon1、B由“Buttheyaremuchbiggerballoons.”可知。這里的比較級是與前面“atoyballoon”相比較。

()2.Wherewillyousitifyouwanttoflyintheballoon?

A.Insidethebasket.B.Ontopoftheballoon

C.UnderthebasketD.Insidetheballoon

2、A這是一篇有關熱氣球的科普文章，需要考生熟知有關熱氣球的基本常識。熱氣球有燃燒器（也可叫加熱器），打開燃燒器，氣球內(nèi)氣體被加熱，氣球會上升，反之就下降。氣球下面是一個大籃子，飛行員或乘客在此處，燃燒器在籃子上方。熱氣球總要隨風向飛行。

()3.Youwanttheballoontogoup.Soyouwill_____________.

A.jumpoutiftheballoonB.lettheairoutoftheballoon

C.maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD.lettheairinsidetheballooncooldown

3、C由第二段的敘述可知。

()4.Nowyouarehighupinthesky.Ifyouwanttheballoongodown,youwill_________.

A.

makeyourfriendsgetoutofthebasket

B.

makeaholeintheballoonwithaknife

C.

maketheairinsidetheballoonhotter

D.

maketheairinsidetheballooncooler

4、D由第三段的敘述可知。

()5.Noweverythingisallright!Theballoonisflyingacrossthesky.Whereareyougoing?

A.Towardsthesun.B.Totheseaside.

C.Wherethewindblowsyou.D.Tothenearestmountains.

5、C由第六段的敘述可知。

(4)

Bobwashappy.Hewasatanewschool,andtheotherstudentswerefriendly.“Hi,Bob!”theysaid.Butsomestudentssaid,“Hi,Peter!”Bobdidn’tunderstand.Heaskedanotherstudent,“WhydosomestudentscallmePeter?”

“Oh,that’seasytoanswer,”thestudentssaid.“Petewasastudentherelastyear.Nowhegoestoadifferentschool.YoulooklikePeter.Somestudentsthinkthatyou’rePeter.”

2023/2/5蘭州夢菲英語學校趙老師編講

BobwantedtomeetPeter.HegotPeter’saddressfromastudentandwenttoPeter’shouse.Peteropenedthedoor.Bobcouldn’tbelievehiseyes.HelookedreallylikePeter!BobandPeterhadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile.Theyhadthesameblackhair.Theyalsohadthesamebirthday.Andtheybothwereadopted(領養(yǎng))bytwodifferentfamilies.

BobandPeterfoundoutthattheyweretwinbrothers.Soonaftertheboyswereborn,onefamilyadoptedBob,andanotherfamilyadoptedPeter.Bob’sfamilyneverknewaboutPeter,andPeter’sfamilyneverknewaboutBob.

2023/2/5蘭州夢菲英語學校趙老師編講BobandPeter’sstorywasinthenewspaper.TherewasaphotoofBobandPeternexttothestory.AyoungmannamedJohnsawthephotointhenewspaper.Johncouldn’tbelievehiseyes.HelookedreallylikeBobandPeter!Hehadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile.Hehadthesameblackhair.Hehadthesamebirthday.Andhe,too,wasadoptedbyanotherfamily.

LaterJohnmetBobandPeter.WhenBobandPetersawJohn,theycouldn’tbelievetheireyes.Johnlookedreallylikethem!WhydidJohnlookreallylikeBobandPeter?Youcanguess.BobandPeterarenottwins.Bob,PeterandJohnaretriplets.

2023/2/5蘭州夢菲英語學校趙老師編講1.HowdidBobfeelatanewschool?

2.WhydidsomestudentsmistakeBobforPeter?

3.WheredidBobseePeter?

4.HowdidJohnknowthestory?

5.Whatdoesitmeanby“triplets”,doyouknow?

1.Hewashappy.

2.BecauseBoblookedlikePeterverymuch.

3.InPeter’shouse.

4.Heknewthestoryfromthenewspaper.

5.ItmeansBob,PeterandJohnwerebornonthesameday,andtheyarebrothers.

2023/2/5蘭州夢菲英語學校趙老師編講（8）

Everyonebathesinadifferentway.MostAmericansnevertakeabath.Theysoapandrinse（沖洗）offundertheshower.TheEnglishalwaystakeabath.First,theysitinabathtubfullofwarmw