2023年上海市高考英語模擬試卷試題一（含答案）

2023年全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海高考英語模擬試卷1I.Listeningcomprehension略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BeAloneTogetherAmongthemostupsettingaspectsofthelockdownsthatoccurredin2020duetothepandemic,especiallyforthosewholiveindensecities,wastheclosureofmanypublicparksandgreenspaces.Astheorderswentout,peoplewerewarnedthat(21)________theyshouldtryto“walkaround,getsomesun：therecouldbe“nodensity,nobasketballgames,noclosecontact,that'stherule.”Themessagewasclear:Stayawayfrom(22)________.InWashington,D.C.,whereIlive,roadaccesswasblockedtotheTidalBasininlateMarch,asthecity'sfamouscherryblossomsreachedthepeakoftheirannualbloom.TheNationalArboretumwasclosed,andallthefacilitiesthatthecityparksdepartmentoversaw(23)________(remain)closed.Officially,naturewasmoreorlessoff-limitsJustasspringarrived.Yetastheweatherwarmed,andthelightstayedlaterandlaterintotheevening,peopleemergedfromtheirhomes.Thestreets,mostlyemptiedofvehicletraffic,createdspaceforrunners,allowingthem(24)________(leave)thesidewalksforfamiliesanddogwalkers.Inmyneighborhood,asmallprivatepark,(25)________(locate)behindablockofhouses,becameaplacetostretchoutandreadabookunderthesun.(26)________thevirus,Ididn'tgototheparkveryoften.Butthen,Ifoundmyself(27)________(visit)morefrequently,sometimesinthemiddleoftheday.Andso,Inoticed,weremyneighbors.Peoplesatinthegrass,walkedtheirdogs,andplayedcatchwiththeirkids.Theparkneverbecamegenuinelycrowded,butitwasalwayspopulated,andinityoucouldseeotherpeopleand,parkonasunnyafternoonhadbecome(29)________weallregardedasnecessary.Wewereallaloneinthisstrangetime,thisfamiliaryetdeeplyforeignplace(30)________everyonewastoldtostayapart.Butatleastwehadfoundawaytobealonetogether.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.capable B.controllable C.faint D.ideal E.landscape F.outpacingG.perceive H.physical Lpromise J.scrub K.supportingYou'llNeverBeTrulyAloneInthedecadestocome,alargenumberofhomerobotscouldmaketoday5sappliancesseeminteresting.Themarketforconsumerandofficerobotsisexpectedtodevelopquicklyinthenextthreeyears,accordingtoa2015reportbyBusinessInsiderIntelligence,beinggreaterthan$1.5billionandfar_____31_____thegrowthofrobotsinmanufacturing.Wealreadyhaverobotsthatcleanthehouse,liketheRoomba,butinthefuturewe'llalsohaverobotarmsthatcan_____32_____surfacesandbathepeople,saysChristopherAtkeson,aroboticistatCarnegieMellon,whoselabhasproducedsuchmachines.Eventually,robotswillfoldlaundryandcookmeals.Andiftheyworkwell,youwon'tevennoticethem.Thekeytoeffectiverobotsis"being_____33_____ofpredictingwhatpeoplewilldo,"saysJulieShah,theheadoftheInteractiveRoboticsGroupatMIT."Theideaiseither_____34_____peopleorstayingoutoftheirway."Thatsaid,somepeoplemaywantarobotthathangsaround.InJapan,afriendlyhumanoidrobotcalledPepperthatcan_____35_____andrespondtohumanemotionhasprovedenormouslypopularsinceitwentonsaletwoyearsago.Peppermightturnouttobethe_____36_____roommate—helpful,kind,andalwaysupforhangingout,butneverintheway.Perhapsthealready_____37_____linebetweenonlineandofflinelifewilldisappear,andhumanrelationshipswithintelligentmachineswillrepresentanewextensionofoursocial_____38_____.Yourin-houserobotcouldserveasanavatar(化身)forfriendsandfamily,_____39_____fromafarsothat,withthehelpofroboticarmsandlegs,youcoulddancewithorhugalovedonewhoishalfwayaroundtheplanet.Thereal_____40_____of—orproblemwith—thehouseofthefuture,then,mightbethatyou'llneverhavetoleaveit.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.OnceuponatimetherelivedinGermanytwobrotherswholovedagoodstory--onewithmagicanddanger,royaltyandvillains(惡棍).Atschooltheymetawisemanwholedthemtoatreasure—alibraryofoldbookswithtalesmoreappealingthananytheyhadeverheard._____41_____thebrothersbegancollectingtheirownstories,listeningtothefolktalespeopletoldthem.Soonthey_____42_____theirowntreasure一abookoffairytalesthatwouldcharmmillionsinfarawaylandsforgenerationstocome.ThebrotherGrimm,JacobandWihelm,namedtheirstorycollectionChildren'sandHouseholdTalesandpublisheditinGermanyin1812.Thecollection,whichhasbeentranslatedintomorethan160languagesisapublishing_____43_____.Thestoriesandtheircharactershaveappearedintheater,opera,comicbooks,movies,paintings,rockmusic,advertising,andevenfashion.Such_____44_____wouldhaveshockedthehumbleGrimms.Duringtheirlifetimes,thebooksoldfewcopiesinGermany.Theearlyeditionswerenoteven_____45_____children.Theyhadnoillustrations,andscholarlyfootnotestookupalmostasmuchspaceasthetalesthemselves.JacobandWihelmGrimmviewedthemselvesas_____46_____studentsoffolklore.TheybegantheirworkatatimewhenGermanyhadbeenoccupiedbytheFrenchunderNapolean.Asyoungscholars,thebrothersGrimmsbeganworkonthefairytalecollectioninordertosavetheendangeredoralstorytellingtraditionofGermanyLongbeforetheGrimms'time,_____47_____developedininns,barns,andpeasanthomes.Duringwinternights,astheysatspinningwood,womenkepteachothercompanyandentertainedeachotherwithtalesofadventure,romance,andmagic._____48_____,40suchstorytellersdeliveredtalestotheGrimms,manyofthemcomingtotheirhouseinKassel.Althoughthebrothersimpliedthattheywerejust_____49_____thetales,Wilhelmpolishedandreshapedthemuptothefinaleditionof1857.Inanefforttomakethemmore_____50_____tochildrenandtheirparents,hestressedthemoralofeachtale,andemphasizedgenderroles.AccordingtotheGrimms,thecollectionservedas"amanualof_____51_____."Tothisday,parentsreadthemtotheirchildrenbecausetheyapproveofthelessonsinthestories:keepyourpromises,don'ttalktostrangers,workhard,obeyyourparents.Sowhat_____52_____theirpopularity?Somehavesuggesteditisbecausethecharactersarealwaysstrivingforhappiness.Butthetruthprobablyliesintheir_____53_____.TheGrimm'staleswerebornoutofastorytellingtraditionwithout_____54_____ofageorculture.Thebrother'sskillwastotranslatetheseintoauniversalstyleofwritingthatseemstomirrorwhatevermoodsorinterestswebringtoour_____55_____ofthem.AndsoitwasthattheGrimm'sfairytaleslivedhappilyeverafter.41.A.Inspired B.Disappointed C.Discouraged D.Relieved42.A.estimated B.produced Csacrificed D.stocked43.A.medium B.partnership C.finding D.phenomenon44.A.quality B.wealth C.fame D.perspective45.A.markedas B.robbedof C.aimedat D.preventedfrom46.A.intelligent B.hardworking C.peculiar D.patriotic47.A.collection B.storytelling C.entertainment D.literacy48.A.Besides B.Altogether C.However D.Similarly49.A.creating B.developing C.reviewing D.recording50.A.accustomed B.acceptable C.cruel D.compared51.A.manners B.parentship C.publishing D.adaptation52.A.resultsfrom B.dependson C.accountsfor D.respondsto53.A.appeal B.flexibility C.availability D.origin54.A.boundaries B.influences C.indications D.distributions55.A.writing B.sharing C.reading D.beginningSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)There'sadreamyatmospheretoAdjuntas,acoffeetownintheValleyoftheSleepingGianthighinthemountainsofPuertoRico.Apassionforthelandanditscustomsrunsthroughthisplace,wherepeoplesaytheirfamilieshavelived“sinceforever^andformalgoodmannersruledailylife.Yousmellitinthesurroundingstreets,wherefoodiscookedatroadsidebarbecues.Youseeitinthegracefulhorsesparadedthroughtownonholidays,andyoufeelitinthelarge,elegantsquare,withitsfountainsandstonebenches.Severaldecadesago,thisloveofthelandmotivatedthelocalpeopletoopposeamassiveminingoperation.ThemountainssurroundingAdjuntasarerichwithgold,silver,copper,andzincandthePuertoRicangovernmenthadreservedabout30squaremilesformineralexploitation.Peoplefoughttoprotectthelanddespitethepromiseofjobsandmoney.TheyweresavedbygrowingcoffeeandsellingitthroughoutPuertoRico.Theprofitshelpedthegrouppersuadethegovernmenttotransformtheminingzoneintoanationalpark,ElBosquedelPueblo,whichisnowprotectedbylaw.Openedin1998,theparkrunsareforestationprogramallowingyoungandoldtoplanttreeswherelandhasbeenexcavated(挖掘)."Wehaveneverlearnedtomanagetheforest,”saidTintiDeya,alocalresident.ccWe5relikechildrendoingeverythingforthefirsttime,exceptinourcasewe'regrandmothers."GrandmothersareeverywhereinAdjuntasandthey'reallrespectfullyaddressedasDofia.LalaEchevarria,an85-year-oldgreat-great-grandmother,wasbornontheoldeststreetintown,whereshestilllivesinasmallhome.Shegrewupbeforeelectricityandrunningwater,andrememberswhenthefirstcararrivedinAdjuntas."Asachild,Iusedtospendallmytimecarryingwater,findingfirewood,lookingafterthechickensandthecows.”shesaid."Thereweresixteenofus.Wewouldwashourclothesintheriverandweusedtocookonanopenfire.Atmealtimes,wekidswouldsitonthefloortoeat”DofiaLalawasworkingasamaidwhenshemetandmarriedtheloveofherlife,Marianothemechanic.Theyhadthirteenchildrenandshared44yearsbeforehediedin1983.Sheshowsmethedozensofphotographsoffourgenerationsofdescendantsthatnowfillhertinyhome.56.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAdjuntasfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thepeopletherehaveadeeploveofit.B.Itistheveryplacewherecoffeeoriginated.C.Thestreetsarelitteredwithfoodwaste.D.Thetownissurroundedbybarbecuesite.57."Theprofits”(inparagraph3)refertothemoneymadefrom_________.A.protectingtheland B.miningvaluablemetalC.growingandsellingcoffee D.transformingtheminingzone58.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthereforestationprogram?A.Grandmothersplayavitalroleinit.B.Anyonecanplanttreesintheminingzone.C.Itdidlittletohelpthebuildingofthenationalpark.D.Itwaslaunchedtoprotestagainsttheminingoperation.59.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Respectforgrandmothers. B.Alocalwoman'slifestory.C.MajorchangesinAdjuntas. D.Dofias'opinionofthetown.(B)ExperimentwithOurFoodWanttocookupadeliciousmeal?It'snotjustaboutthefood.WechattopsychologistProf.CharlesSpenceaboutthestrangescienceofgastrophysics.Whatexactlyis‘astrophysics’?It'sacombinationof"gastronomy(美食學)"and'psychophysics',whichinvolvesthescientificstudyofhowourexperienceoffoodanddrinkisaffectedbyoursensesandoursurroundings,notjustthefooditself.It'sasmallbutgrowingareaofresearchwhichbringstogetherpsychologists,neuroscientists,marketeers,chefs,productdesigners,andevenmusicians.Sowhatkindsofthingscanaffectoursenseoftaste?Prettymucheverything!Fromthecolourandshapeoftheplatestotheweightandmaterialofthecutlery(餐具),throughtotheshapeofthetableandthefeelofthechairyou'resittingon.Thenthere'sthenumberofpeopleyou'rewith,themoodyou'rein,thelightingandbackgroundmusicintherestaurant,andmemoriesassociatedwiththefood.Whenyouputallthesefactorstogether,itaddsupalot.What'sthemostsurprisingwayinwhichourtastecanbeinfluenced?It'stheideaof6sonicseasoning\whichusessoundstochangethetasteoffood.Youcanaddasmuchas15percentextrasweetness,sourness,orbitternesstoafoodsimplybyplayingtherightsortofmusic.We'vecreatedmusictoenhancesweetnessandbitterness,andwealsohavemusicforsour,andspicyfoods.WorkingwiththeMichelin-starredchocolatierDominiquePersooneinBelgium,weevenshowedthatifweplayed"creamy"musicinhisstoreswecouldaddextracreaminesstohischocolate.Neuroscientistshavefounddirectconnectionsinthemousebrainbetweenthesensesofsmellandsound,soitmightbethatthisoccursinhumanstoo.Sonicseasoningisalreadybeingusedtoenhancemealsinfancyrestaurants,butwecouldalsoseeitbeingusedtobenefithealthby,forexample,playing'sweet'musicsothatwe'rehappywithlesssugarinourfood.What'sthemostinnovativeuseofgastrophysicsyou'veseen?There'salothappeningintheworldofcutlerydesign.HestonBlumenthal'srestaurantTheFatDuckiscurrentlyservingadishcalledCountingSheep,whichcomeswithafluffy(毛茸茸的),weightedspoonthatsmellsofbabypowder,designedtoenhancetheeatingexperience.We'vefoundthatfoodtendstotastebetterwithheaviercutlery~possiblybecauseweassociateweightwithquality.60.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofgastrophysics?A.Itcoversdifferentsubjects. B.Itneglectsfoodtosomeextent.C.Ithasbeeninexistenceforlong. D.Itiscreatedbyapsychophysicist.61.AccordingtoCharlesSpence,howcansonicseasoningbeusedtodogoodtoourhealth?A.Helpingustobemoreresistanttothetemptationtoeatunhealthyfood.B.Playingsomemusictomakeusfeelourfoodissweeterthanitreallyis.C.Makingexperimentswithmicetofindoutwhatfoodbenefitsourhealth.D.Traininghumanbrainstoassociatecertainsoundswithaparticularflavour.62.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratestheuseofgastrophysics?A.Arestauranthiresapsychologisttodesignitslayout.B.Arestaurantvariesthesweetnessofitsfood.C.Arestaurantusesheavierplatestoservefood.D.Arestaurantasksitscustomersforsuggestions.（C）Theoceanbottom—aregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandareaoftheEarth—isavastfrontierthateventodayislargelyunexploredanduncharted.Untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep-oceanfloorwascompletelyinaccessible,hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,6000metersdeep.TotallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth'ssurface,thedeep-oceanbottomisanunfriendlyenvironmenttohumans,insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasouterspace.Althoughresearchershavetakensamplesofdeep-oceanrocksandsediments(沉淀物)foroveracentury,thefirstdetailedglobalinvestigationoftheoceanbottomdidnotactuallystartuntil1968,withthebeginningoftheNationalScienceFoundation'sDeepSeaDrillingProject(DSDP).Usingtechniquesfirstdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP'sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean'ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,gettingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.TheGlomarChallengercompleted96voyagesina15-yearresearchprogramthatendedinNovember1983.Duringthistime,theshiplogged600,000kilometersandtookalmost20,000coresamplesofseabedsedimentsandrocksat624drillingsitesaroundtheworld.TheGlomarChallenger'scoresampleshaveallowedgeologiststoreconstructwhattheplanetlookedlikehundredsofmillionsofyearsagoandtocalculatewhatitwillprobablylooklikemillionsofyearsinthefuture.Today5largelyonthestrengthofevidencegatheredduringtheGlomarChallenger'svoyages,nearlyallearthscientistsagreeonthetheoriesofplatetectonics(構造學)andcontinentaldriftthatexplainmanyofthegeologicalprocessesthatshapetheEarth.ThecoresofsedimentdrilledbytheGlomarChallengerhavealsoproducedinformationcriticaltounderstandingtheworld'spastclimates.Deep-oceansedimentsprovideaclimaticrecordstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears,becausetheyarelargelyisolatedfromthemechanicalerosion(腐蝕)andtheintensechemicalandbiologicalactivitythatrapidlydestroymuchland-basedevidenceofpastclimates.Thisrecordhasalreadyprovidedinsightsintothepatternsandcausesofpastclimaticchange—informationthatmaybeusedtopredictfutureclimates.63.Theauthorreferstotheoceanbottomasa"frontier"inthefirstparagraphbecause________.A.itisnotapopularareaforscientificresearchB.itcontainsawidevarietyoflifeformsC.itattractscourageousexplorersD.itisanunknownterritory64.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheGlomarChallenger?A.Itisanongoingproject.B.Itisatypeofsubmarine.C.Ithasgoneonover100voyages.D.ItmadeitsfirstDSDPvoyagein1968.65.InwhatwaywastheDeepSeaDrillingProjectsignificant?A.Itwasanattempttofindnewsourcesofoilandgas.B.Itwasthefirstextensiveexplorationoftheoceanbottom.C.Itwascomposedofgeologistsfromallovertheworld.D.Itwasfundedentirelybythegasandoilindustry.66.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasbeingaresultoftheDeepSeaDrillingProject?A.Geologistsobservedformsofmarinelifeneverbeforeseen.B.GeologistswereabletopredicttheEarth'sfutureappearance.C.Twogeologicaltheoriesbecamemorewidelyacceptedbyscientists.D.InformationwasrevealedaboutthedisastersthathadhappenedontheEarth.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Holdontothehopeofthelifeyoumightstillleadwhenallofthisisfinallyover.B.Ifyou'vefoundyourselfwearingthesameT-shirtwithoutcomplaintforthelasteightmonths,maybeit'struethatlesscanindeedbemore.C.Themereprocessofbrowsingisoftenenoughtosatisfyyoulikeanactualspend.D.Thisisn'talwaysabadthing.E.ThoughIfindmyselfpickingthesamefamiliarfavouritesfromtheirhangerseachday,Iliketohavechoice.F.Whynotthinktwicebeforesendingyourunlovedclothesofftoenjoyanewlife?AMaximalistCaseforaClearOutTheannual"springclean”oftenfeelslikeanimpossibletask.Butwithmoretimeathomeonourhandsthanever,aglobalpandemic(疫情)hasreallyhighlightedthethingsinlifethatdoanddon'trelatetojoy—oneofthembeingourwardrobes(衣櫥).I'msureI'mnotalonewhenIsaythatoverthepastfewmonths,theonlyclothingIhavereallyreachedforhasbeenofthemismatched,stretch-cottonvariety,wornandre-worn._________67_________Inthefaceoffastfashionandalarminglandfillrates,weshouldbeproudofgivingourclothingalongandappreciativelife.Butthereneedstobeaplaceforjoytoo.Thepartydressthatfeelsasfunasitlooks,andthetinyimpracticalhandbagthatonlysurviveseachclear-outbecauseofoldmemorieswovenintoit...doespracticalityalwayshavetowinoutoverjoy?Assomebodywhooftenstrugglestoletsentimental(感性的)thingsgo,theminimalist“capsulewardrobe”isonethatalwaysgivesmeabitofaheadache._________68_________WhatifgettingridofthatcardiganisassociatedwithforgettingtheamazingnewsIreceivedwhileIwaswearingit?Whatifthoseshoesaretheperfectfitformystillone-year-olddaughter?Itcanbedifficulttoknowwheretolimittheexhibitsofyourownlife'smuseum,ortopredictwhichitemswillcontinuetofeellikethemostkeep-worthyversionof"you".Theanswertomostofthesethings,I'vefound,istheonlinesecond-handshop._________69_________Butifyoudofindyourselfneedinganythingnew,second-handshoppingcanbeanaffordablewaytobuybetterqualityonceinsteadofcheaponrepeat._________70_________Butbeforeyoudoawaywithyourwardrobeentirelyit'simportanttorememberthefashionablepersonyouwerebeforethepandemic,andcanbeagain.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AreOrganicFoodtheBest?Areorganicallygrownfoodsthebestfoodchoices?Theadvantagesclaimedforsuchfoodsoverconventionally(傳統(tǒng)方式地）grownandmarketedfoodproductsarenowbeingdebated.Advocatesoforganicfoods—atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly—frequentlyclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.Thegrowinginterestofconsumersinthesafetyandmorenutritionalqualityofthedietisawelcomedevelopment.However,muchofthisinteresthasbeenmotivatedbysweepingclaimsthatthefoodsupplyisnotsafeoradequateinmeetingnutritionalneeds.Althoughmostoftheseclaimsarenotsupportedbyscientificevidence,thelargeamountofwrittenmaterialadvancingsuchclaimsmakesitdifficultforthegeneralpublictoseparatefactfromfiction.Asaresult,claimsthateatingadietconsistingentirelyoforganicallygrownfoodspreventsorcuresdiseaseorprovidesotherbenefitstohealthhavebecomewidelypublicizedandformthebasisforfolklore.Almostdailythepublicissurroundedbyclaimsfor“no-aging”diets,newvitamins,andotherwonderfoods.Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones,thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiorto