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Overviewofartificialintelligence電信**-*曲*電信**-*邵*人工智能
Haveyoueverseenthesemovies?Thesemoviesareallregardingtosomethingaboutartificialintelligence.Butthosearefiction,theyarebothhavetherobotcharacters.SoitmakesAIsoundalittlefictionaltous.Infact,AIisnotjustaboutrobots,itexistseverywhere.Dictionariesdefineintelligenceastheabilitytoacquire,understandandapplyknowledge,ortheabilitytoexercisethoughtandreason.Ofcourseintelligenceismorethanthis.Itembodiesalloftheknowledgeandfeats,bothconsciousandunconscious,whichwehaveacquiredthroughstudying.Whatisartificialintelligenceexactly?
SystemsthatthinklikehumansSystemsthatactlikehumansSystemsthatthinkrationallySystemsthatactrationallyViewsofAIfallintofourcategories:Theexcitingnewefforttomakecomputersthinks…machinewithminds,inthefullandliteralsense”(Haugeland1985)“Thestudyofmentalfacultiesthroughtheuseofcomputationalmodels”(Charniaketal.1985)“Theartofcreatingmachinesthatperformfunctionsthatrequireintelligencewhenperformedbypeople”(Kurzweil,1990)Afieldofstudythatseekstoexplainandemulateintelligentbehaviorintermsofcomputationalprocesses”(Schalkol,1990)MainGoalofAI
?Representandstoreknowledge(表示并存儲知識)?Retrieveandreasonaboutknowledge(知識檢索和思考)?Behaveintelligentlyincomplexenvironments(在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)智能)?Developinterestingandusefulapplications(開發(fā)有趣和有用的應(yīng)用程序)?Interactwithpeople,agents,andtheenvironment(與人,機(jī)構(gòu),環(huán)境相交流)FoundationsofAIAIComputerScience&EngineeringPhilosophyBiologyLinguisticsCognitiveSciencePsychologyEconomicsMathematicsEngineering:
Togetmachinestodoawidervarietyofusefulthings,e.g.,understandspokennaturallanguage,recognizeindividualpeopleinvisualscenes,findthebesttravelplanforyourvacation,CognitiveScience:
Asawaytounderstandhownaturalmindsandmentalphenomenawork,e.g.,memory,learning,language,visualperception.Philosophy:Asawaytoexploresomebasicandinteresting(andimportant)philosophicalquestions,e.g.,themindbodyproblem,whatisconsciousness.WhatCanAISystemsDoNow?
Herearesomeexampleapplications:Robots(機(jī)器人)FaceRecognition(人臉識別)IntelligentControl(智能控制)GeneticProgramming(基因工程)Planningandscheduling(計劃和調(diào)度)WhatCan’tAISystemsDo?Understandnaturallanguagerobustly
熟練理解自然語言Surftheweb(orawave)網(wǎng)上沖浪Interpretanarbitraryvisualscene解釋一個任意的視覺場景Learnanaturallanguage學(xué)習(xí)一種自然語言Refocusattentionincomplexenvironments復(fù)雜環(huán)境中重新集中注意Performlife-longlearning執(zhí)行終身學(xué)習(xí)Artificialintelligencebenefitsusinthefollowingaspects:
?Artificialintelligencelikecomputersorrobotscanimproveproductivityandefficiency.?Humanlaborsareliberatedfromdullordangerousjob.?Artificialintelligenceoffersmuchconveniencetohumanlife.?Artificialintelligencecanturnallhumandreamsintorealitywiththepromotionofscienceandtechnology.?EntertainingusWhatdosethedifferencebetweentheartificialintelligenceandhumanbeings?Alltheartificialintelligenceiscreatedbyhumanbeings.Artificialintelligencehavesolvedsomesmallproblemswhichpeoplecouldhavesolvedinotherways.Artificialintelligencearenotlivingorganisms,soitcannothavefeelings.AgreeRobotshavereplacedhumanbeingsinmanyaspectsofworkthatpeopledo,especiallythedangerousworkandsomehousework.Thiswillprobablyhappengraduallyoveraperiodoftime,butitisaninevitabletrend.
DisagreeRobotscanonlyreplacehumansindoingsomejobs,but:MadebypeopleNohuman
characteristicsWillrobotseverbeabletoreplacepeople?SummarizeArtificialintelligencecanbescriptedasanewscienceandtechnology,whichisusedtosimulatehumanintelligence.Wecan'tdenythefactthatartificialintelligenceisofgreatimportantnowadays.Therefore,whatweshoulddoistostudyhard,wi
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