中國(guó)水污染防治政策建議

中國(guó)水污染防治政策建議

PolicyRecommendationsforWaterPollutionPreventioninChina世行中國(guó)水污染防治政策創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目WorldBank-SEPAProject:ChinaWaterPollutionPreventionInnovationIntroduction引言（1）WaterpollutioncontrolasoneofthekeytasksinChina’senvironmentalprotection水污染防治是中國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要任務(wù)之一。Targetsestablished,keyareasidentified,keyprojectsdesignedandimplementedduring9thand10thfiveyearplanperiod九五和十五期間，確定控制目標(biāo)和重點(diǎn)區(qū)域，實(shí)施重點(diǎn)工程。Thoughimprovedtosomeextent,thereductiontargetoftotalloadofCODhadnotbeenaccomplishedduring10thFYPP盡管水質(zhì)有一定程度改善，但是“十五”COD削減目標(biāo)還是沒有完成。Introduction引言（2）Remaintoppriorityduring11thFYPP仍是十一五環(huán)保規(guī)劃的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域Ensuringsecurityofdrinkingwater全力保障飲水安全Speeduptheengineeringprojectsforurbanwastewatertreatmentandre-useoftreatedwater加快城市污水處理與再生利用工程建設(shè)Strengtheningthetreatmentofindustrialwastewater加強(qiáng)工業(yè)廢水治理Pushforthewaterpollutioncontrolinkeyriverbasin推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治WPPI中國(guó)水污染防治政策創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目PolicyInnovationforWaterPollutionPreventioninChina中國(guó)水污染防治政策創(chuàng)新ProjectSponsoredbyWorldBankandSEPA世行和國(guó)家環(huán)保總局項(xiàng)目Projectperiod(項(xiàng)目周期):2001.1－2002.12WBPolicyDiscussionPaperissuedin2006。2006年發(fā)表世行政策討論報(bào)告MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（1）Focusingonstrategicplanning加強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃Longtermversion長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)Mediumterm(fiveyears)中期目標(biāo)Annualplan年度計(jì)劃MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（2）Adjustingpolicyandregulations調(diào)整政策和制度Adjustinglegalsystem調(diào)整和完善法律Adjustingstandardsystems調(diào)整標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（3）Integratedwaterresourcemanagement水資源綜合管理NouniversalinstitutionalsystemforintegratedWRM水資源綜合管理沒有統(tǒng)一管理體制WRMatriverbasin流域?qū)哟蔚乃Y源綜合管理NeedlegalframeworkforriverbasinWRM需要加強(qiáng)立法Institutionalreform體制改革模式MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（4）Strengtheningeconomicinstruments加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)手段的應(yīng)用Tradablepermits可交易的配額Raisetheleveloffees提高收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);Chargehigherrateoverthedischargeoftoxicmaterial有害物質(zhì)排放收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高;Feecollectedshouldbeusedforwaterpollutioncontrol專項(xiàng)用于水污染防治.MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（5）Strengtheningfinancing加強(qiáng)水污染防治的融資Wideoptionsoffinancingwaterpollutioncontrol有許多融資方式;Costrecovery成本回收；Publicprivatepartnership公私合營(yíng).MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（6）Urbanpollutioncontrol城市污染控制Speeduptheestablishmentofurbanwastewatertreatmentplants加快污水處理廠建設(shè)Raisewastewatertreatmentchargerate提高污水處理收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Strengthenthesupervisiononurbanwastewatertreatmentplants加強(qiáng)污水處理設(shè)施監(jiān)管Protectiondrinkingwatersources保護(hù)飲用水源地MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（7）Industrialpollution工業(yè)污染控制Significantprogressmade已經(jīng)取得顯著成績(jī);Enhancingcomplianceandenforcement加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法；Wastewaterrecyclingtechnologies污水回用技術(shù);Promotecleantechnologies,EMS推廣清潔技術(shù)，環(huán)境管理體系等。MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（8）Agriculturalpollution農(nóng)業(yè)污染控制Derivereliableloadestimates確定可靠的排放量Developawellthough-outstrategyforagriculturalpollutioncontrol制定農(nóng)業(yè)污染控制戰(zhàn)略Integratedapproach綜合措施。MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（9）Improvingwaterqualitymonitoring改善水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)Harmonizationandqualitycontrolofdatafromdifferencesources數(shù)據(jù)整合和質(zhì)量控制；ClearlydifferentiatetheresponsibilitiesofSEPAandMWRbutapplyuniformstandard明確確定環(huán)保（水質(zhì)）和水利（水文）部門在監(jiān)測(cè)方面的職責(zé)，但要統(tǒng)一監(jiān)測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（10）Planningandcapacitybuilding規(guī)劃和能力建設(shè)Openplanningprocedure開放式的規(guī)劃程序Capacitybuilding能力建設(shè)MainPolicyRecommendations

主要政策建議（11）Environm