人教版高中英語必修第一冊Unit4ReadingforWriting概要寫作學(xué)案

PeriodIIIReadingforWriting.語言知識：sweep,strike,effect,過去分詞（短語）作定語，as..as…原級比較結(jié)構(gòu)，when的用法等。.語言技能：學(xué)會(huì)寫概要。核心詞匯Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.此次強(qiáng)烈地震的震級高達(dá)9.0級，引發(fā)的巨浪卷走了漁民、游客、酒店、住房以及汽車。教材P54sweepvt.&vi.（swept,swept）打掃；清掃；吹走；沖走；橫掃；掠過；風(fēng)行sweepthedirtintoadustpan將灰塵掃入簸箕“Redenvelope^^feverhassweptthecountry."紅包”的熱潮已席卷全國。Searchlightsaresweepinginthenightsky.探照燈正在夜空中掃來掃去。常用搭配sweepup打掃；清掃sweepaway消滅；摧毀；徹底消除sweepover/across/around掃視；掠過sweepthrough掃過；掠過；風(fēng)行Janewassweepingupthebitsofpaperandbrokenglass.簡正在清掃紙屑和碎玻璃。Alldoubtshadlongsincebeensweptaway.一切懷疑早已完全消除。Ninety-mileperhourwindssweptacrosstheplains.時(shí)速90英里的強(qiáng)風(fēng)橫掃平原。聯(lián)想詞sweepern.清潔工；清掃機(jī)aroadsweeper馬路清潔工acarpetsweeper地毯清潔器牛刀小試1翻譯句子，體會(huì)sweep的一詞多義。.Araresnowstormsweptacrosstheregionyesterday..Hiseyessweptaroundtheroom..Thewindsweptthedeadleavesaway..Thenewdancecrazesweptthroughtheteenagepopulation..Aplanesweptoverourheads..Asuddenfeelingofnostalgiasweptallmyangeraway.2.Theunderseaquakestruckaround7:00a.m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.該海底地震于星期日上午7點(diǎn)左右在印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島的西海岸附近海域爆發(fā)。教材P54strike（struck,struck/stricken）①vi.&vt.突然發(fā)生（某種不幸）；（災(zāi)難、疾病等）侵襲ApowerfulearthquakestrucktheItalianislandofSicilyearlythismoming.今天凌晨意大利西西里島發(fā)生了強(qiáng)地震。常用搭配bestruckby...被侵襲However,manybuildingsinthoseareassufferedwinddamageorwerestruckbyfallingtreesduringthehurricane.那些地區(qū)的許多建筑物在颶風(fēng)刮過時(shí)不是遭受風(fēng)的破壞就是被倒下的樹木壓壞了。②vt.碰撞；撞擊Thechildranintotheroadandwasstruckbyacar.孩子跑到公路上給車撞了。③vi.&vt.攻擊；突然襲擊Our(roopstrucktheenemycampatdawn.我軍在黎明向敵軍營地發(fā)起了進(jìn)攻。常用搭配strikeat...朝打去strikeback回?fù)?；反擊Itstrikesattheeagle'seye,andthendartsawaybeforetheeaglecancatchit.它啄老鷹的眼睛，然后在老鷹抓到它之前迅速跑掉。Sowewillnotonlydefendourselvesincyberspace,butalsostrikebackinkindwhenweareattacked.所以我們不僅要在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間進(jìn)行自我防御，還要在受到攻擊時(shí)以牙還牙。④vt.(使)突然想起；(使)突然想到Ifanygoodideastrikesyou,pleaseletmeknowitintime.如果你突然想到好主意,請及時(shí)告訴我。常見用法Itstrikessbthat....=Itoccurstosbthat...=Ithitssbthat...某人突然想起HalfwaythroughtheintroductionitstruckmcthatIcouldn'tnameasingleKeatspocm.引言讀到一半時(shí)，我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)濟(jì)慈的詩自己一首也說不出來。⑤vi.&n.罷工Inmanycountries,thepoliceareforbiddentostrike.很多國家是禁止警察罷工的。常用搭配beonstrike在罷工goonstrike舉行罷工聯(lián)想詞strikern.前鋒牛刀小試2一、翻譯句子,體會(huì)strike的一詞多義。Hestruckthenailwithahammer.Thekillermightstrikeagain.Agoodideasuddenlystruckme.Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thctowerofthechurch(strike)bylightninglastnight.Theelectricityworkershavebeenstrikeforseveralweeks.Hefell,(strike)hisheadonthetable.三、根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。.這個(gè)地區(qū)過去風(fēng)沙猖獗。Theareausedtoragingsandstorms..她突然意識到失去公司或許是她最不用擔(dān)心的一件事。losingthecompanymightbetheleastofherworries..空中交通管制員威脅要舉行罷工。Airtrafficcontrollersarethreateningto..Whatarethepossibleeffectsofthedisaster?災(zāi)難可能帶來的影響是什么？教材P57effectn.影響；結(jié)果；效果，效應(yīng)；作用Oneoftheeffectsofthisillnessisthatyoumayloseyourhair.這種病的影響之一是可能會(huì)脫發(fā)。It'snottosaythemoresportstheydojhebetter.Unscientificexercisemayhaveoppositeeffects.并不是說他們做的運(yùn)動(dòng)越多越好。不科學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果。Itseffectontheenvironmentisamajorconcern.它對環(huán)境的影響是人們主要擔(dān)心的事。常用搭配havean/no/much/littleeffecton…對有/沒有/有很大/幾乎沒有影響causeandeffect因果(關(guān)系)sideeffect(s)(藥物等的)副作用takeeffect開始起作用；見效takeeffect/cometoeffect生效；開始實(shí)施Bestofall,humorraisesyourenergy,and(hatcanhaveaneffectoneverythingyoudoatschool,atwork,orinyourpersonallife.更重要的是，幽默能夠增強(qiáng)活力，同時(shí)對你在學(xué)校、工作甚至是個(gè)人生活中的表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生影響。Theriseofanationdoesnothappenbychance;youcan'tignoretherulesofcauseandeffect.一個(gè)國家的崛起不是偶然的；你不能無視因果定律。UndertheUNESCOConstitution,theUSwithdrawaltookeffecton31December,2018.根據(jù)“聯(lián)合國教科文組織章程”，美國于2018年12月31日正式退出該組織。Newcontrolscomeintoeffectnextmonth.下月開始實(shí)施新的管制措施。《牛津高階》聯(lián)想詞①effectiveadj.有效的；實(shí)際的②ineffectiveadj.無效的③effectivelyado.有效地；實(shí)際上易混詞affectt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動(dòng)Howmuchdoyourkindergartenteachersandclassmatesaffecttherestofyourlife?你幼兒園的老師和同學(xué)對你的余生有多大影響？牛刀小試3一、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~度括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whac(heteachersaysanddoesalwayshasagreateffecthisstudents.ThelawwillcomeeffectatthestartofOctober.Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.Theyhavereducedpollutionthrough(effect)measures.5.1can'tbalanceworkandhomeduties(effect).二、翻譯句子。.母親的行為對成長中的孩子有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。(haveaneffecton).交通法要到年底才生效。(takeeffect/comeintoeffect).她的意見不會(huì)影響我的決定。(affect).Everythinghasitscauseandeffectdonotblamebadluck.句型探究.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.【句意】此次強(qiáng)烈地震的震級高達(dá)9.0級，引發(fā)的巨浪卷走了漁民、游客、酒店、住房以及汽車。教材P54知識拓展過去分詞(短語)作定語過去分詞(短語)作定語有前置和后置兩種情況。(1)前置定語單個(gè)的過去分詞，往往是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，表示被動(dòng)和完成意義；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般作前置定語，不表被動(dòng)，只表完成。①表示被動(dòng)意義anhonouredguest一位受尊敬的客人Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受傷的工人正在醫(yī)院里被悉心照料。②表示完成意義aretiredteacher一位退休的教師Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。(2)后置定語過去分詞(短語)作后置定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).這將是這類小說中寫得最好的一本。Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?昨晚受邀參加你的聚會(huì)的那些所謂的客人是誰呀？牛刀小試1一、在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I.Thestudent(absorb)inlhegamesonthephonedidn'tnoticehisteacherbehindhim..Therewasasuddenburstoflight(follow)byaterriblenoise.二、翻譯句子。.這座1990年建的樓是我們的圖書館。.這是冰心寫的一本書。.一Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.【句意】印度官員稱，印度南部沿海地區(qū)多達(dá)1,900人遇難。教材P54知識拓展:as…as…原級比較結(jié)構(gòu)①基本用法：as+adj./adv.+as…和一樣，Hishandwritingisasbeautifulasmine.他的書寫和我的一樣好。IcanspeakEnglishasfluentlyasanativespeaker.我英語講得和母語是英語的人一樣流利。②否定形式：notas/so+adj./ado.+as表示前者不如后者Iamnotas/sobusyasIusedtobe.我沒有過去那么忙了。③加名詞時(shí)：as+adj.+(a/an+)n.+asWehaveproducedasmanycarsaswedidlastyea匚我們生產(chǎn)的汽車和去年一樣多。Themobilephoneisasusefulatoolasthecomputer.手機(jī)是和電腦一樣有用的工具。3.1washavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.【句意】我和我的三個(gè)孩子正在吃早餐，突然海水開始涌進(jìn)我家。教材P54知識拓展when的用法bedoing.when..意為“正在做這時(shí)(突然)“，該句型中when不可以換成while?when引導(dǎo)的從句多為一般過去時(shí)。其他相關(guān)句型有：beonthepointofdoingsthwhen…正準(zhǔn)備做某事，這時(shí)(突然)beabouttodosthwhen...正準(zhǔn)備做某事，這時(shí)（突然）had（just）donesthwhen…剛做完某事，這時(shí)（突然）Shewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang.她正要出去，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。Hewasabouttolightupacigarettewhenhiswifecamein.他正準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)煙，這時(shí)候他的妻子進(jìn)來了。WewerejustabouttoleavewhenJerryarrived.我們正要離開的時(shí)候，杰里來了。Hehadjustfinishedwritingareportwhenthebosslethimtypealetter.他剛寫完一篇報(bào)告,老板就讓他錄入一封信。Wehadjustarrivedhomewhentherainpoureddown.我們剛到家，這時(shí)候下起了傾盆大雨。牛刀小試2根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。.他籃球打得和我一樣好。Heplaysbaskelballasasme..他的建議不如我的有價(jià)值。Hissuggestionisnotvaluableasmine..人們普遍認(rèn)為，教學(xué)既是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)。Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchartasitisascience.概要寫作概要寫作是對閱讀理解和寫作的綜合考查，需要學(xué)生在正確理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，在不改變原文中心、體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，用精簡的語句高度概括文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)。考試中的概要寫作一般提供350詞左右的短文，以說明文和議論文為主，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)短文寫出一篇60詞左右的概要。.寫作步驟（1）仔細(xì)閱讀并理解文章大意；⑵從宏觀角度抓住主題句，忽略次要信息；⑶運(yùn)用自己的語言高度概括文章，形成全文的概要。.寫作中語言表達(dá)的注意事項(xiàng)（I）要準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)：巧妙運(yùn)用英語中常用的高分表達(dá)，如定語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。⑵有效使用邏輯關(guān)系詞，保證上下文的連貫性。常見的邏輯詞有：并列關(guān)系：and.or,also,too,aswell（也），both...and...,either...or...（或者或者）等遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:what'smore（而且）,besides（除此以外），inaddition（此夕卜），furthermore/morcover（M者），notonly...butalso...（不但而且）等轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,however,though等先后順序關(guān)系：first,second,firstofall,tobeginwith,finally,lastbutnotleast等因果關(guān)系：because,becauseof,owingto（因?yàn)椋?dueto（由于）,asaresultof（由于），therefore,consequently（結(jié)果）,asaresult（結(jié)果），thus/thcrcfore（所以）等歸納總結(jié)：onthewhole（總體來說）,inaword/inconclusion/insummary/inshorl（總之）等.（3）保證語言表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性，學(xué)會(huì)通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換、句子重構(gòu)等方法用自己的語言概括原文的主題句。例如：?atsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsia中crashedinto可以換成hit?governmentofficialssaid中said可以換成described/staled?Thousandsofpeoplearestillmissing中missing可以換成lost?thenumberofdeathsisexpectedtogrowevenhigher中isexpected可以換成ispredicted?killingmorethan6,500people可以改寫成withmorethan6,500peoplekilled?However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.可以改寫成However,itisdifficulttodeliverfoodandsuppliesbecauseofVowingto/duetodangcrousconditionsanddamagedroads.模擬藺練,閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Speedisveryimportantinavalanche（雪崩）rescues.Therewillbenarrowchancestoescapeifaskierisburiedfor30minutesormore.Nowthat30minutescanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforaskierlostonasnowymountain,mostpeoplewoulddependonlife-savingdogs.Nobleworksasarescueteammemberinavacationland.California.Hetellsus,"Dogsrunfastestwhenanaccidenthappens."HispartnerWylee,alife-savingdog,cansearchanaccidentscenethesizeofafootballfield.Itonlyneeds5to10minutes.However,5rescueteammembershavetospendacoupleofhoursinthesamearea.Apartfromitsexcellentspeed.NoblechoosesWyleeashispartnerpartlybecauseitweighsonlyabouthalfwhatotherkindsofdogsweigh.Rescueteammembershavetocarryihcirdogstosearchsitesinadditiontocarrying60.poundbackpackswithfood.waterandotherequipment.Thedogsneedtheliftsothattheydon'tgettiredbeforetheystartworking.Therearen'tadequatedataonhowoftendogstakepartinavalanchesearchesorhowoftentheyareabletohelplocalpeopleindanger.Butthedogsdon'tsavemanypeople.That'sbecausetherearen'tmanytosave.Aquarterofpeopleindangerdiefromseriousinjuriesbeforethesnowstopsmoving.Ofthoseburiedwhoaren'tkilledbyinjuries,halfdiewithin20minutes.Ifthereisachanceofrescue,though,thedogsalsocutsearchtimefortheremains.EricaMueller,afamousdirector,wantedtoseehowthelife-savingdogsworked,soshevolunteeredtospendpartofanhourinaroomysnowcavewaitingtobefound.Shewasarmedwitharadioandwaswearingseverallayerstostaywarm.AfterbeingrescuedbyWylee,shesaid,"Ican'ttalklikeasurvivor,butitwasdefinitelyacoolwaytoseehowwelltrainedthosedogsare."PeriodIDReadingforWriting核心詞匯牛刀小試1.昨天一場罕見的暴風(fēng)雪襲擊了該地區(qū)。.他把房間掃視了一遍。.風(fēng)把枯葉刮走了。.新一輪的舞蹈熱在青少年中風(fēng)靡起來。.一架飛機(jī)從我們的頭頂飛過。.突然的一陣懷舊情緒將我的怒氣一掃而光。.涼爽的風(fēng)從我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來。牛刀小試2一、1.他用錘子敲打著釘子。.殺手可能會(huì)再次突襲。.我突然想到了一個(gè)好主意。.他們正在為更高的工資而罷工。wasstruck句意為:昨晚,教堂的塔被閃電擊中了。根據(jù)bylightning可知，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2.on句意為：電工們幾周來一直在罷工。beonstrike為固定搭配，意為“在罷工”。句意為：他摔倒了，頭撞到了桌子上。Hefell是一個(gè)完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，且逗號前后沒有連詞，所以此處用非謂語動(dòng)詞。3.striking因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞strike與邏輯主語He之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填striking。三、1.bestruckby土天系，故填striking。2.1ts