高考英語《完形填空解題技巧》課件

高考英語完形填空解題技巧根據(jù)并列關(guān)系解答完形填空題根據(jù)語義復現(xiàn)解答完形填空題利用前后搭配解答完形填空題利用邏輯推理解答完形填空題高考英語完形填空解題技能實戰(zhàn)演練【分1－4部分】.高考英語完形填空解題技能實戰(zhàn)演練（1）根據(jù)并列關(guān)系解答完形填空題因果關(guān)系、類屬關(guān)系相對關(guān)系等并列，就是指由and或or連接的并列成分同類關(guān)系[例1]Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows23

andpaleandhaschangedsomuchthatitisalmostunrecognizabletotheparents.23.A.sick B.slim C.short D.small因果關(guān)系[解析]

選項中只有ill才與pale有相關(guān)性(因果關(guān)系)，即因為“生病”，所以臉色才會“蒼白”，故選A。[例2]EdgarAllanPoe,whoselifewasshortandseeminglyunhappy,wrotestoriesandpoemsofmysteryand

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insanity(瘋狂)anddeath.22.A.happiness B.science C.society D.terror同類關(guān)系[解析]因為只有terror(恐怖)才與mystery(神秘)、insanity(瘋狂)和death(死亡)是表示同類意義的名詞，而不可能是與“happiness(幸福)”“science(科學)”或“society(社會)”并列，故選D。[例3]EdgarAllanPoeisalsorememberedasthefatherofmoderndetectivefiction,storiesofaninvestigatorwhohastosolvemurdersandother

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27.A.accidents B.crimes C.events D.incidents類屬關(guān)系[解析]因為“murder(兇殺)”是各種“crimes(犯罪)”行為中的一種，所以與“murder(兇殺)”并列應(yīng)是“其他各種犯罪行為”，故選B。[例4]WhenChristwasbornnearlytwothousand

years

ago,manypeople,richand_______,gavehimpresents.A.ill B.healthy C.poor D.tall相對關(guān)系[解析]因為由句意可知，應(yīng)當是指“耶穌出生時，許多人，無論貧富，都給他禮物”，故選擇與rich相對意義的poor，即選C。Nobelwasupsettofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfrom_____anddestruction.A.deathB.diseaseC.trouble D.attack1.A。與destruction(毀滅)并列應(yīng)當是death(死亡)，故選A。即時練習2.Thepoverty(貧困)was

worsethananythingmyyoungcompanionshadeverimagined.Backinthehotel,anairofsadnesssettledoverthegroup.Many

________andcried.

gaveup

B.brokedown

C.setoff

D.heldon2.B。與cried(哭)并列應(yīng)當是breakdown(情緒失控)，故選B。3.It’snoteasybeingateenager–norisiteasybeingtheparentofateenager.Youcanmakeyourchildfeelangry,hurt,or______bywhatyousaywithoutrealizingityourself.A.dismissed B.misunderstood C.misled D.satisfied3.B。與angry(生氣)和hurt(傷害)意義相關(guān)的應(yīng)當是misunderstood(誤解)，故選B。4.…mymothersaidthatwemightsoonbeleavingforAmerica…Iwassayinggoodbyetomyfriendsandrelatives.WhenwewereleavingIthoughtaboutalltheplacesIwasgoingtosee---thestrangeand______placesIhadknownonlyfrombooksandpictures.A.unfrequented B.remote C.different D.magical4.D。與strange(陌生的)并列應(yīng)當是magical(神奇的)，故選D。5.Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant…Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationis________andimportantforallstudents. A.beneficial B.available C.expensive D.powerful5.A。與important(重要的)并列，且符合語境的，應(yīng)當是beneficial(有益的)，句意為：“音樂教育對所有學生來說，是有益的，也是重要的。”高考英語完形填空解題技能實戰(zhàn)演練（2）根據(jù)語義復現(xiàn)解答完形填空題同詞復現(xiàn)同義復現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)復現(xiàn)語義復現(xiàn)[例1]TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.Inparticular,therewas(andperhapsstillis)abeliefinfairies(仙女).Notallofthese21arethefriendly,people-lovingcharactersthatappearinDisneyfilms,and…A.babiesB.believersC.fairiesD.supermen一、同詞復現(xiàn)[解析]前句說是人們“相信有仙女”，后句“并非所有這些_是友好的”，承前邏輯，空格處應(yīng)填“仙女”了，故選C。[例2]Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftherecommended27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods二、同義復現(xiàn)[解析]前句說“避免這類的事發(fā)生有許多方法(ways)”，冒號后的解釋，“在小孩睡覺時在其頭上懸掛一把刀，或者用其父親的褲子蓋著他，就是其中值得推薦的兩種________”，承前邏輯，自然是其中的兩種“方法”，與ways同義的是methods，故選D。[例3]AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining,construction,andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite(炸藥).…“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame23byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”A.famousB.sickC.richD.popular三、結(jié)構(gòu)復現(xiàn)[解析]AlfredNobel引導定語從句的who指代的就是AlfredNobel，兩句是相似的,且兩句的后部分的內(nèi)容各為“發(fā)明了炸藥”與“找到了更快的殺人方式”，可以想象，兩者的意義何等接近！可見，與“變成百萬富翁”對應(yīng)的應(yīng)當是“變成富?！?，故選C。Wouldn’titbegreatifwedidn’thavetorememberpasswords（密碼）everagain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbeautomaticallyloggedin（登錄）?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognition（識別）technologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga_______.A.faceB.passwordC.softwareD.system即時練習前面說了“如果不必再記密碼…”對此問的回答是“系統(tǒng)是如何用臉部識別技術(shù)來幫你登陸，而不是用________”。承前邏輯，此處應(yīng)當是“而不是用密碼”，故選B。2.Afterdoingalittleresearch,IfoundthistypeoftechnologyalreadyavailableinEnglishtoconsumersviaarelativelyinexpensiveapplicationcalledFaceCode.The______requirestheuseofawebcamtorecognizeandlogPCusersintotheirsystems.A.account B.consumer C.designer D.software答案為D。與application(應(yīng)用軟件)同義的是software，故選D。3.Grasslandsneedtimetorecoverwhencattleandotheranimalsfeedonthem.Movinganimalsfromonefieldtoanothercanprovidethe_______neededfornewgrowth.A.cattleB.timeC.spaceD.help3.B。前句“當牛或其他動物吃了牧草地上的草后，牧草地需要時間才可恢復”，本句“動物的遷徙就可以提供草生長所需要的________”，承前句邏輯，可知空格處填“時間”，故選B。4.On27February2008,somethingunusualhappenedinBritain;therewasaratherlargeearthquake.Itwasthe______UKearthquakein25years.A.biggest B.loudest C.deadliest D.scariest4.A。前句“2008年2月27日，英國發(fā)生了一件不尋常的事，一場非常大的地震”，本句“是25年來英國最________的地震”。承前邏輯，應(yīng)當是“最大的”地震，故選A。5.Mostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare

wrong.Everyonehas_______,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowto

makeuseofit.(原創(chuàng))A.creativity B.memory C.imagination D.limitation5.C。前句說：“多數(shù)人認為他們自己沒有想象力。他們的這種觀點是錯誤的。”承前邏輯，“(事實上)每個人都有想象力，只是……”，故選C。6.Whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,hewastoldthathisfatherhadbeeninhospitalforaweek.Hewasaboutto

leavefor(去；前往)the______whenhesaw…

A.city B.hospital

C.factory D.university6.B。前面說“當他回到父親家時，初告知他父親已住院一周了”，承前邏輯，他應(yīng)是“去醫(yī)院”，故選B。7.Onceadultsunderstandwhatchildrenarecommunicatingthroughtheirbehavior,theycanrespondbetter.Whenchildrenfeelrespectedandhavetheirneedsmet,thereisnolongerareasontousechallenging_______tocommunicate.A.action B.language C.gesture D.behavior7.D。前句說，“成年人一旦懂得小孩通過行為要表達的意思，就會作出更好的應(yīng)對?！背星斑壿嫞揪鋺?yīng)為“當孩感覺得到尊重和滿足需求時，他們就不再用挑戰(zhàn)性的行為來交流了”。故選D。利用前后搭配解答完形填空題高考英語完形填空解題技能實戰(zhàn)演練（3）在解答完形填空時，充分考慮這些搭配關(guān)系，有助于我們作出正確選擇。動詞與介詞的搭配動詞與其賓語的搭配句式結(jié)構(gòu)上的搭配和習語搭配等所謂前后搭配根據(jù)動詞與其后介詞的搭配關(guān)系來選擇一個恰當?shù)膭釉~。[例1]OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper___hisbrotherforhimand…A.found B.misunderstood C.mistook D.judged一、動介搭配[解析]能與“AforB”搭配的在四個選項中只有選項C,mistakeXforY意為“誤以為X是Y”,故選C。根據(jù)動詞與其賓語是否可以搭配、在意義上是否符合邏輯或常識來確定選用哪個動詞。[例2]Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto___theNobelPrizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewho…A.establishB.formC.developD.promote [解析]在不定式短語中，賓語是“諾貝爾獎”，動詞該用哪一個？設(shè)立？形成？發(fā)展？促進？根據(jù)常識，能與“獎項”搭配的，在這四個選項中只有“設(shè)立”，故選A。二、動賓搭配根據(jù)句式或句型的搭配來確定填哪一個詞。[例3]Thebooktellsusofusefulskillssuchashowtoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopicturesofyourmindto

yourmemorybetter.A.makeB.turnC.1etD.change三、句式搭配[解析]在四個選項中，能接“賓語+形容詞作賓補”的只有選面A，makeyourmemorybetter意為“使你的記憶力變得更好”，故選A。

根據(jù)習慣用語的固定搭配來確定正確選項。[例4]Intellectualproperty(IP)(知識產(chǎn)權(quán))isaproductofthemindthathascommercialvalue.Theconcept___backto1623whenthefirstpatentlawtoprotectIPrightswaspassed.A.holdsB.dates C.sets D.turns[解析]datebackto是慣用短語，意為“追溯到”，故選B。值得注意的是，解題時，不能一看到搭配就選答案，這樣往往容易出錯。因為有時單獨看空格前后或單獨看空格所在句，除正確答選項外，其他選項也可能與其前后構(gòu)成搭配，這時，還需要根據(jù)上下文的意思和邏輯，同時也需要結(jié)合生活常識才能定奪。四、習語搭配[例5]NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelPrizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat_______tothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributions[解析]

四個選項都可構(gòu)成習語搭配:makeadditionsto給……增加makesacrificesto對……做出犧牲makechangesto對……作修改makecontributionsto對……作貢獻但根據(jù)句意和常識，獎項應(yīng)當獎給那些為和平、文學和科學“作出貢獻”的人，故選D。1.Dancecanbeart,ritual(儀式；禮制),orrecreation（娛樂）.Itgoesbeyondthefunctionalpurposesofthemovementusedinworkorathleticsinordertoexpressemotions,moods,orideas;tellastory;22religious,political,economic,orsocialneeds;…A.do B.have C.perform D.serve●即時練習●1.D。與賓語need搭配，表示“滿足需要”，選項中只有動詞serve，故選D。2.Itwasabeautifulletter,buttherewasnoway,exceptforthenameMichael,toidentifytheowner.MaybeifIcalledtheinformationcenter,theoperatorcouldfindaphonelistingfortheaddressontheenvelope.Actually,Itookgreat_____tofindbothHannahandMichael,whostillremainedsingle.A.painsB.risksC.actionsD.cautions2.A。因表示“煞費苦心做某事”是takegreatpainstodosth，故選A。另外，takeriskstodosth“冒險做某事”，takeactionstodosth“采取行動做某事”不合語境。3.Participatingworkplacesletemployees（員工；雇員）wearjeans（牛仔褲）onOctober5fora$5donation.“It’sarealwayforeveryonetofeellikethey’remakinga___,”saystheEmmy-winningactress.A.differenceB.decisionC.friendD.profit3.A。makeadifference意為“有影響，起作用”。根據(jù)上文：Hargitay發(fā)起一個為乳腺癌研究募款的項目，即通過上班穿牛仔褲的員工捐款5元錢。她認為這是一個讓每個人感覺在起作用，出一份力的有效途徑。4.Ifsomeoneelsewishestorepresenttheideaordevelopitfurther,he/shemustconsulttheoriginalartists,whowillnormallybe25financiallyforitsuse.A.rewarded B.praised C.awarded D.punished4.A。“rewardforsth./doingsth.”即“為（做）某事而報答”，“awardsb.sth./sth.tosb.”即“授予某人某物”，可知A項正確。5.OnApril12,1888,Alfred'sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspapermistookhisbrotherforhimandcarriedanarticle_______thedeathofAlfredNobel.“Themerchantofdeathisdead.”thearticleread.A.introducing B.announcing C.implying D.advertising5.B。由常識可知，報社應(yīng)是“發(fā)布”消息；根據(jù)動賓關(guān)系，能與賓語“阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾死亡的消息”搭配的也應(yīng)當是“發(fā)布”，而不是“介紹”“暗示”“給……做廣告”，故選B，announce(giveinformationabout)。高考英語完形填空解題技能實戰(zhàn)演練（4）利用邏輯推理解答完形填空題根據(jù)上文信息推理根據(jù)下文信息推理

運用邏輯推理根據(jù)上文信息推理[例1]OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspapermistookhisbrotherforhimand…“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecamerichbyfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”Nobelwas___tofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfromdeathanddestruction.A.upset B.anxious C.excitedD.pleased[解析]前面講報道中的兩件事：一是報社誤以為諾貝爾是他的兄弟死了，二是說他是靠發(fā)現(xiàn)更快的殺人方式發(fā)財。根據(jù)生活常識，作為諾貝爾本人，看到這篇報道，不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“興奮(excited)”或“高興(pleased)”，而應(yīng)當是“不高興(upset)”，故選A。本句大意：諾貝爾感到不快，不是因為報社誤解他死了，而是在他死后被認為是一個靠制造死亡和毀滅而賺錢的人。[例2]ItwasthenfearedthatthefairieshadcomeandstolenthebabyawayandreplacedthehumanbabywithafairyChangeling.Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftherecommendedmethods.Howev