工業(yè)-基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)1本試卷六道大共計(jì)55小題滿分

(20分,1分Directions:FillinthefollowingblanksbychoosingA,B,CorD.ThereisonlyONEanswerforeachblank,writetheletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.ThetulipgrowerownsahouseinIceland,50-acrevineyardinFranceandtwoluxury ataharbourinSpain.A. B. C. D.It’sbettertobehappywithwhatyouhavegotthantobealways towardssomethingyoucan’thave.A. B. C. D.Igiveyoumy thatI’llnevermentionthematterA. B. C. D.Wheat,rice,corn,andoatsare A. B. C. D.Neitherthemonknorthenunswereutterly witnessesbecausetheyhadnotseentheaccidentthemselves.A. B. C. D.open-Thetradesmanwasarrestedafterbeingdiscoveredwithpacketsofesewnintothe ofhisA. C. D.Ratherthanenhancingacountry’ssecurity,thesuccessfuldevelopmentofnuclearweaponscouldserveatfirsttoincreasethatcountry’s A. B. C. D.Shewason foralongtimeafterherhusbandpassedA. B. C. D.Hedroppeda onusonthefirstofMarchwhenhetoldusthatwewereA. B. C. D.Allofthefollowingarenicefoodexceptthe A. B. C. D.A istheofficeorpeopleresponsibleforthemanagementofanorganization,particularlyaninternationalorpoliticalone,suchastheUnitedNations.A. B. C. D.ThePrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomwasreceivedwithallthetraditional andceremonythatislaidonforvisitingheadsofA. B. C. D.Thebeescarrythe fromoneflowertoA. B. C. D.The isusuallyputontopofthepostagestampsothatthestampcannotbeusedmorethanA.post- B. C. D.Aninvestigationthatis canoccasionallyyieldnewfacts,evennotableones,buttypicallytheappearanceofsuchfactsistheresultofasearchinadefinitedirection. B. C. D.The stretchesasfarastheeyecanA. B. C. D.Thenaturalbalancebetweenpreyandpredatorhasbeenincreasingly ,mostfrequentlybyhumanintervention.A. B. C. D.Inthatwarthousandsandthousandsofpeoplewereputtothe A. B. C. D.Doyousee cloudthatisalmostintheshapeofaA. B. C. D.InBritain,judgeswearwhite inA. B. C. D.ReadingComprehension(40)PartOne(10分,1分)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandwriteTforTrueifthestatementistrue,FforFalseifthestatementisnottruebasedonthepassageyouhaveread.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Dreamshavealwaysheldauniversalfascination.Someprimitivesocietiesbelievethatthesoulleavesthebodyandvisitsthesceneofthedream.Generally,however,dreamsareacceptedtobeillusions,havingmuchincommonwithday-dreams—thefantasiesofourwakinglife.Whendreaming,however,onetendstobelievefullyintherealityofthedreamworld,howeverillogicalandodditmayAlthoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappenspontaneously,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyforinstance.Internaldisorderssuchasindigestioncancausevividdreams,anddreamsofracingfire-enginesmaybecausedbytheringingofanalarmbell.Experimentshavebeencarriedouttoinvestigatetheconnectionbetweendeliberayinflictedpainanddreaming.Forexample,asleeperprickedwithapinperhapsdreamsoffightingabattleandreceivingasevereswordwound.Althoughthedreamisstimulatedbythephysical eventsofthedreamdependontheassociationsofthe fortinthemindofthesleeper.Adreamer’seyesoftenmoverapidlyfromsidetoside.Sincepeoplebornblinddonotdreamvisuallyanddonotmanifestthiseyeactivity,itisthoughtthatthedreamermaybescanningthescenedepictedinhisdream.Acertainamountofdreamingseemstobeahumanrequirement—ifasleeperisrousedeverytimehiseyesbegintomovefast,effectivelydeprivinghimofhisdreams,hewillmakemoreeyemovementsthefollowingnight.Peoplediffergreatlyintheirclaimstodreaming.Somesaytheydreameverynight,othersonlyveryoccasionally.Individualdifferencesprobablyexist,butsomepeopleimmediayforgetdreamsandothershavegoodrecall.Superstitionandmagicalpracticesthriveonthesupposedpowerofdreamstoforelthefuture.Instancesofdreamswhichhavelaterturnedouttobeprophetichaveoftenbeenrecorded,somebymenofthehighestinlectualintegrity.Althoughitisbettertokeepanopenmindonthesubject,itistruethattheallegedpowerofdreamstopredictfutureeventsstillremainsunproved.Everyoneknowsthatasleedogoftenbehavesasthoughheweredreaming,butitisimpossibletolwhathiswhinesandtwitchesreallymean.Byogywithhumanexperience,however,itisreasonabletosupposethatatleastthehigheranimalsarecapableofdreaming.Ofthemanytheoriesofdreams,Freud’sisprobablythebestknown.AccordingtoFreud,werevertinourdreamstothemodesofthoughtcharacteristicofearlychildhood.Ourthinking esconcrete,pictorial,andnon-logical,andexpressesideasandwisheswearenolongerconsciousof.Dreamsareabsurdandunaccountablebecauseourconsciousmind,notwillingtoacknowledgeoursubconsciousideas,disguisesthem.SomeofFreud’sinterpretationsareextremelyfanciful,butthereisalmostcertainlysometruthinhisviewthatdreamsexpressthesubconsciousmind. Asleeperprickedwithapinmaydreamthathehasbeen Sightedpeopleandthosewhohaveneverbeenabletoseedreaminexactlythesame Thereisplentyofproofavailablethatdreams lthe Dreamsinsleeparequitedifferentfromday- DreamsmaybecausedbyanupsetDreamingisprobablyEveryoneknowsthatdogsdreamjustlikehumanBecausehumanbeingsdream,somaythemore ligentDreamsarenoteasytointerpretbecausetheoriginalthoughtsandideasareItisalmostcertainlytruethatdreamsexpressthesubconsciousPartTwo30分,2分Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandchooseA,B,CorDforthecorrectanswerforeachquestion.ThereisonlyONEanswerforeachquestion,writetheletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERPassageWhyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,professorColinMatthew, lsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissing sintheshade.WhenDr.NichollswrotetoTheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”,too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomuch:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted:Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristiewasaforceintherepealofcapitalpunishmentinBritain,asLudovieKennedy(theauthorofChristie’sentryin s)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthemurderertobecaughtbyegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.TherehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromtheMiddleAges.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility.”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBN’s3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Itdoesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin)andevenmanagedtogivethankstoJ.W.Clerkeasacontributor,though,asalatereditionadmitsashamefacedfootnote,“exceptfortheentryintheListofcontributorsthereisnotraceofJ.W.Clerke.”Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume becauseitisnotworththebecauseithasfewerentriesthanunlessonehasallthevolumesinhisunlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutOntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat theeditorshadclearrulestothereweretoomanycriminalsinthetheeditorsclearlyfavoredtheeditorswereirrationalintheirCrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB becauseheescapedtothebecausedeathsentencehadbeenforreasonsnotbecauseoftheeditors’Theauthorquotedafewentriesinthelastparagraphto illustratesomefeaturesofthegiveemphasistohisimpressthereaderwithitshighlightthepeopleintheMiddleThroughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas A. B. C. D.PassageWhenliteraryperiodsaredefinedonthebasisofmen’swriting,women’swritingmustbeforciblyassimilatedintoanirrelevantgrid:aRenaissancethatisnotaRenaissanceforwomen,aRomanticperiodinwhichwomenplayedverylittlepart,aModernismwithwhichwomen Simultaneously,thehistoryofwomen’swritinghasbeensuppressed,leavinglarge,mysteriousgapsinaccountsofthedevelopmentofvariousgenres.Feministcriticismisbeginningtocorrectthissituation.MargaretAnneDoody,forexample,suggeststhatduring“theperiodbetweenthedeathofRichardsonandtheappearanceofthenovelsofScottandAusten,”whichhas“beenregardedasdeadperiod.”Late-eighteenth-centurywomenwritersactuallydeveloped“theparadigmforwomen’sfictionofthenineteenthcentury—somethinghardlylessthantheparadigmofthenineteenth-centurynovelitself.”Feministcriticshavealsopointedoutthatthetwentieth-centurywriterVirginiaWoolfbelongedtoatraditionotherthanmodernismandthatthistraditionsurfacesinherworkpreciselywherecriticismhashithertofoundobscurities,evasions,implausibilities,andimperfections.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorviewsthedivisionofliteratureintoperiodsbasedonmen’swritingasanapproachthat makesdistinctionsamongliteraryperiodswasmisunderstooduntiltheadventoffeministprovidesavaluablebasisfromwhichfeministcriticismhasobscureswomen’scontributionstoThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutVirginiaWoolf’sNonfeministcriticismofithasbeenCriticshavetreateditaspartofItisbasedontheworkoflate-eighteenthcenturywomenIIIIandIIIIandIIITheauthorquotesDoodymostprobablyinordertoillustrate A.acontributionthatfeministcriticismcanmaketoliteraryB.amodernistapproach swithwomen’sC.writingbyawomanwhichhadpreviouslybeenD.thehithertooverlookedsignificanceofScott’sandAusten’sThepassageprovidesinformationthatanswerswhichofthefollowingInwhattraditiondofeministcriticsusuallyplaceVirginiaWhatarethemainthemesofwomen’sfictionofthenineteenthWhateventsmotivatedthefeministreinterpretationofliteraryHowhastheperiodbetweenRichardson’sdeathandScott’sandAusten’snovelstraditionallybeenregardedbycritics?PassageInvestigatorsofmonkeys’socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys’aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment;hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,and,ingeneral,andtimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintragroupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimulielicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.SuchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproduceThesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinteranimalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,the ermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression.Whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorder,inthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedintoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialcomparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongexplainingthereasonsforresearchers’interestinmonkeys’socialdiscussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongWhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?FooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongFooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-termaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewildFooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreasein Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigators’theoriesaboutmonkeys’socialbehavior?Theyconfirmedinvestigators’theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators’theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.Theydisprovedinvestigators’theorythattheintroductionofintrudersinanorganizedgroupelicitsintragroupaggressiveTheyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys’socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmostmonkeysarepotentiallyaggressive,yettheyliveinsocialunitsthatcouldnotfunctionwithoutcontroloftheiraggressiveimpulsessituationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinasuccessfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeyItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoininginothercontrolaggressivebehavioramonggroupprotectindividualsseeking emembersofthatgroupfrommasspreventthedominationofthatgroupbyWhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondAhypothesisisexplainedandcounterevidenceisAtheoryisadvancedandspecificevidencesupportingitisFieldobservationsaredescribedandaconclusionabouttheirsignificanceisTwotheoriesareexplainedandevidencesupportingeachofthemisCloze10分,1分Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandtrytofillineachofthenumberedspaceswithONEsuitableword.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Emotional Fordecades,alotofemphasishasbeenputonthecertainaspectsofinligence,suchaslogicalreasoning,mathskills,spatialskills,understandingogies,verbalskills,etc.Researcherswere46bythefactthatwhileIQcouldpredict47asignificantdegreetheacademicperformanceand,tosomedegree,professionaland alsuccess,therewassomethingmissingintheequation.Someofthosewith48IQscoreswerengpoorlyinlife;onecouldsaythattheywerewastingtheirtalentbythinking,behavingandcommunicatinginawaythat49theirchancestosucceed.Oneofthemajormissingpartsinthesuccessequationisemotionalinligence,a50madepopularbythegroundbreakingbookbyDanielGoleman,51isbasedonyearsofresearchbynumerousscientists,suchasPeterSalovey,JohnMeyer,HowardGardener,RobertSternbergandBlock,justtonameafew.52variousreasonsandthankstoawiderangeofabilities,people53emotionalinligencetendtobemoresuccessfulinlifethanthosewithlowerEIQeveniftheirclassicalIQisaverage.Thetestthatyouareabouttotakewillevaluateseveral54ofyouremotionalinligenceandwillsuggestwaystoimproveit.Please,behonestandansweraccordingtowhatyoureallydo,feelorthink,ratherthanwhatyouthinkisconsidered55inthistest.Nobodyistheretojudgeyou,justyourself,andbesides,therearemanytrickqu