研究生計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試資料

精選一、把以下詞匯翻譯成英語(yǔ)（每題1分，共18分）1)散布式系統(tǒng)DistributedNetworkinteractionOperatingSystem10)拘束知足ConstraintSatisfaction2)命中率hitrate11)搜尋引擎searchengine3)管程monitor12)代理網(wǎng)關(guān)ProxyGateway4)互斥mutualexclusion13)關(guān)系代數(shù)relationalgebra5)臨界區(qū)CriticalSection14)死鎖檢測(cè)deadlockdetection6)寬度優(yōu)先搜尋breadthfirstsearch15)分形壓縮Fractalcompression7)容錯(cuò)fault-tolerance16)布爾搜尋booleansearch8)嵌入式系統(tǒng)embeddedoperating17)地點(diǎn)解析協(xié)議AddressResolutionsystemProtocol9)人機(jī)交互human-computer18)素?cái)?shù)定理primenumbertheorem二、把以下術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)（每個(gè)1分，共17分）1.portability可移植性10.spacecomplexity空間復(fù)雜2.hashcoding哈希編碼度3.diskmirroring磁盤(pán)鏡像11.patternmatch模式般配4.expansionslot擴(kuò)展插槽12.Datawarehouse數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)房5.touchscreen觸摸屏13.eigenvalue特點(diǎn)值6.Pagefault頁(yè)面錯(cuò)誤14.courseware課件7.virtualreality虛構(gòu)現(xiàn)實(shí)15.collisiondetection矛盾檢測(cè)8.Electroniccommerce電子商務(wù)16.ontology本體工程學(xué)9.instructionprefetch指令領(lǐng)取17.cross-platform跨平臺(tái)三、寫(xiě)出以下縮寫(xiě)詞的英文全稱(chēng)，并翻譯成漢語(yǔ)（每題2分，共16分）GUIGraphicalUserInterface圖形用戶(hù)界面RISCReducedInstructionSetComputer，精簡(jiǎn)指令集計(jì)算機(jī)BLOBBinaryLargeObject二進(jìn)制大對(duì)象AIArtificialIntelligence人工智能CADComputerAidedDesign計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)助設(shè)計(jì)DSSDecisionSupportSystem決議支持系統(tǒng)USBUniversalSerialBUS通用串行總線-可編寫(xiě)-精選HTMLHyperTextMark-upLanguage超文本標(biāo)志語(yǔ)言四、用英語(yǔ)回答以下問(wèn)題（每題5分，共35分）1.Whatisthecommonstructureofapresentation?Andwhichpartsareimportantandmustbeexplainedclearly?Answer:Titleofthepresentation/name/affiliationoftheauthorOutlineWhy/WhatyouwanttodoPriorart/relatedwork/what’snewHowtodoResultsEvaluation:contributions/advantages/limitationsApplications/recommendationsConclusion/futurework“What’snew”“，howtodo”and，“results”areimportantandmustbeexplainedclearly.Whatistheclearstructureofascientificpaper?Whichsectionsdoyouneedtoaddressindetail?Answer:Ascientificpaperusuallyconsistsoftheabstract,keywords(optional),introduction,method,result,discussion(optional),conclusion\futurework,andreferenceIntroductionmethodandresultmustbeaddressedindetail.3.Whatisthecommonstructureofathesis?Whatshouldbedeclaredonthecoverpage?Answer:Athesisgenerallyconsistsofthecoverpage,abstract,acknowledgement,tableofcontents,listoffigures/tables,chapters,listofpublications,andbibliography.Thecoverpageprovidesthebasicinformationofyouandyourthesis,includingthetitleofyourthesis,yourresearchdirection,yournameandaffiliation,andthesubmittingtimeofyourthesis.-可編寫(xiě)-精選4.Whatkindsofdocumentsaregenerallynecessarytoapplyforavisa?Answer:Therequireddocumentsvarywiththecountries,butgenerallythefollowingarenecessary:VisaapplicationformswithtwophotographsYourpassportThecertificateofflightreservationandhotelreservationThebalancecertificateofyourpersonalbankaccountConfirmationofyourstatusandaffiliationOfficialinvitationletterfromtheconferenceorganizingcommitteeVisaapplicationfee5.Beforesubmittingyourpapertoaninternationaljournal/transaction,whatinformationshouldyouget?Andwherecanyoufindthat?Answer:Beforesubmittingyourpapertoaninternationaljournal/transaction,youshouldbefamiliarwiththesubmissionguidelinefortheappropriatepublication.TheguidelineinformationcangenerallybefoundthroughselectingthelinkintheauthorresourcessectionofthewebpageprovidedbythejournalReadcarefullytheaim,scope,policy,andsubmissionprocedureofthejournal.Thenclickonthesubmitmanuscripticonandsubmityourpaperstepbystepaccordingtothetextualprompt.6.Whatsearchsitesdoyouoftenuse?Doyouknowanypopulardatabaseofresearch?Answer:MostpopularsearchsitesatpresentareprobablyGoogleandYahoo!.EngineeringVillageprovidesaccesstothetopinformationresourcesintheappliedscience,technicalandengineeringfieldsincludingCompendexandInspec.7.Whatshouldyouconsiderofwhenyouselectaresearchsubject?Answer:-可編寫(xiě)-精選followyourinterest,attendtonewtheoryortechnology,thinkindependently,searchliteratureextensively,interdisciplinaryresearchprovidesnewopportunity五、英譯漢（25分）Thisisn’tAIforAI’ssake—thisrenaissanceisnotoneofstand-aloneAIapplications.Unlikefirst-generationAIapplications,AInowcanbeembeddedinheterogeneousnetworkedcomputingenvironmentsandusedforsearch,retrieval,andanalysisofpreviouslyunimaginablequantitiesofdata.Becausethewealthofdatamakesdirecthumananalysisimpossible,AI-basedsupporthasbecomenecessarytohelpusersfullyexploitthatinformation.Althoughcomputershavebecomeubiquitous,manypeoplestillclearlypreferpenandpaperformanytasksbecausepenandpapernote-takingisfrequentlylessintrusive,lessnoisy,moreflexible,moreconvenientandsimplerthancurrentcomputeralternatives.-可編寫(xiě)-精選AIparadigmsarenotorthogonalamongthemselves.Theyarerathersuccessivestepsinourknowledgeofwhatacognitivesystemshouldbe.ItseemsthatcurrentlyatleastthreeparadigmsareusedinAI.Letuscallthemthebehaviouristparadigm,theagentparadigm,andtheartificiallifeparadigm.Predictingtheresultsofthenextgenerationoffundamentalresearchrequireseitherbraveryorfoolishness.Oneneednothazardsuchrisks,however,toidentifythecorechallengesfacingthenextgenerationofAIsystems,namely,exhibitingrobustoperationinhostileenvironments,broadanddeepknowledgeoflargedomains,theabilitytointeractnaturallywithpeople,andadegreeofself-understandingandinternalintegrity.Whilethefirstindustrialrevolutionwasfuelledbynaturalresources,thesecondisbeingfuelledbyinformationandknowledge—whichjustifiesthefourthcenturyslogan:‘Knowledgeispower’.Today,asurewayforacompanyto-可編寫(xiě)-精選commitcommercialsuicideisbyfailingtoprotectitsintellectualproperty(i.e.knowledge)andbyignoringthemachinesofthesecondindustrialrevolution.Thosecompaniesthatmakecurrentmachinesmoreintelligentandexploitthemtotheiradvantagearesettodominatethetwenty-firstcentury.這不是AI領(lǐng)域所追求的目標(biāo)。這一重生產(chǎn)物不屬于獨(dú)立的AI應(yīng)用，不同樣于新一代AI應(yīng)用。AI現(xiàn)在能夠嵌入到異構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算環(huán)境并可以用于搜尋、檢測(cè)、和解析從前沒(méi)法想象的大批數(shù)據(jù)。由于大批的數(shù)據(jù)直接進(jìn)行人工解析是不行能辦到的事情，使用鑒于AI的支持來(lái)幫助用戶(hù)充分利用這些信息已變得很必需。固然計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)廣泛存在，關(guān)于很多任務(wù)，很多人仍舊很明確的更喜愛(ài)使用紙和筆，由于用紙和筆做記錄，與目前的計(jì)算機(jī)比較通常較不擁有侵入性、噪音少、更靈巧、更方便也更簡(jiǎn)單。AI范式之間其實(shí)不相互正交。它們相看作功地介入了我們關(guān)于認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)是什么的知識(shí)。看來(lái)，目前在AI領(lǐng)域最少使用了三種范式。讓我們稱(chēng)它們?yōu)閔aviourist范式、a