初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)

have/has+過去分詞Youhavejustcomebackfromyourhometown.Greatchangeshavetakenplacethereandmyhometownhasbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.Oh,shehasgonetothelibrary.Ihavebeen

toMountHuangwithmyparents.FindthesentenceswithPresentPerfectTenseinSectionA.Readthemaloud.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

have/has+過去分詞

在以上兩種用法中常跟already,not…yet,never,just,before,ever,recently,since,for等時(shí)間繼續(xù)下去的狀語。1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法2)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.3)表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?過去分詞的構(gòu)成1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e結(jié)尾的直接加d。如：name-named3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重讀閉音節(jié)且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Presentperfect

句型1.肯定句“主語+have（has）＋過去分詞”。注意：該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。

.疑問句

have（has)+主語+過去分詞（回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．／“No，．．．haven’t（hasn’t）．”）.否定句：主語+“haven't（hasn't）＋過去分詞”。

Ihaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.肯定句Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.Ihavenot(haven’t)seenthefilm.Shehasnot(hasn’t)seenthefilm.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式：havenot(haven’t)+過去分詞hasnot(hasn’t)+過去分詞

Ihaven’teatensupper.eat-eatenHehasn’tchangedhisidea.change-changedMymotherhasn’e-come否定句I’vealreadyhaddinner.I________________dinner________.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He________________hishomework_________.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.Mum_______________thedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Susan________________Englishatschool.haven’thadyethasn’t

finishedyethasn’tcookedhasn’tlearned把下列句子改為否定句Haveyoueatenyourbreakfast?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句形式Have/has提前+過去分詞

HaveyouknownSandyforalongtime?Yes,Ihave/No,Ihaven’t.know-knownHassheeatenanythingsince9:00a.m.Yes,shehas/No,shehasn’t.eat-eaten疑問句I’vealreadyhaddinner.

2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.

3.Mum’scookedthedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?把下列句子改為一般疑問句1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2.不能與when連用MaryhaslivedinBeijingsince1990.3.短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，當(dāng)它需要與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)，通常要進(jìn)行詞語的轉(zhuǎn)化。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和時(shí)間段連用.

瞬間動(dòng)詞joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy··········method1:

動(dòng)作

狀態(tài)diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykeep/hadbeawaybeherebeon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedead他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開深圳好長時(shí)間了。這本書我已借了4個(gè)月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.Ihavekeptthebookfor4months.（for+表示一段時(shí)間的詞組，since+表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組）謂語只可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.eg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago(1990)選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsincemethod2:

Itis+時(shí)間段

since+一般過去時(shí)的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開深圳好長時(shí)間了。這本書我已借了4個(gè)月了.Itis

2years

sincehisgrandpadied.Itis

3years

sinceNick

joinedthearmy.Itis

alongtime

sinceheleftShenzhen.Itis

4months

sinceIborrowedthebook.TomarrivedinShanghaitwodaysago.TomhasbeeninShanghaifortwodays.ItistwodayssinceTomarrivedinShanghai.

since用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間—“自從……”for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度—“長達(dá)……”

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比較since和for注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化(keys)6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較

1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2）一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具體的時(shí)間狀語

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的時(shí)間狀語HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過上海。比較have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海

[在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了]他已經(jīng)去上海了

[也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了[現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢]辨析這些句子由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別動(dòng)詞填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4.I_______(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_______(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.haverea