閱讀秋季搶分第五講筆記

回考研三小時(shí)，每篇時(shí)間18-20鐘作） -普遍適【1段】JusthowmuchdoestheConstitution（ ）protectyourdigitaldata?（問號(hào)，全文討論的核心話題）TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhether cansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrant搜查令與26題選項(xiàng)Ccheck s’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized是同義替換）ifthephoneisonorarounda duringan particularlyone/that（引導(dǎo)同位語） ）theoldassumption（古老原則（引導(dǎo)同位語）authorities（）maysearchthroughthepossessionsof satthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.[拓展 官 九 ☆☆長(zhǎng)難句長(zhǎng)難句三重境界：（通過長(zhǎng)難句三重境界：（通過翻譯，理清邏輯主非主邏【3段】27Thecourtwould（作者態(tài)度情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示，包括其否定形式）berecklessly（欠考慮地）modest（謙虛的）ifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinesto lawyersanddefendants.[拓展adj代表方向，修正后邊的【4段】TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthrough’spurse.Thecourthasruledthat don’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchthe【5段】Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeesensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.Citizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivate storemainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.【6段】Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycasesitwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomfortocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomore【7段】ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenew ofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.全文：?jiǎn)栴}、我們能否搜查其問TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhetherduringanarrest,itislegitimate（合法[細(xì)節(jié)題 searchfor s’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.?搜查≠搜查里邊的隱私C]check s’phonecontents（同義改寫）withoutbeingauthorized（=warrant）.? sfromusingtheirmobilephones.?Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof＿.作者 A]disapproval.?C]tolerance.?Theauthorbelievesthatexploring（搜查）one’sphonecontentsiscomparableto＿.A]gettingintoone’sresidence.?B]handlingone’shistoricalrecords.C]scanningone’scorrespondences.D]goingthroughone’swallet.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparableto＿.A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.B]B]thecourtislessroomforcitizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyphonesareusedtostoresensitive30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat＿.A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementednewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheCalifornia’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered轉(zhuǎn)折處（注意末段objective客觀的（中）objectionable令 的（負(fù) 【【1段】IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant（）.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprime（巔峰）in1960,onlyoneintenAmericanernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethan（比較）halfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesare【2段】Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanthings40.JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneof【末段】【末段】JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenorms（常規(guī)的）ofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuit（適合）thosewhowanttostayput（穩(wěn)定）butisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthe oftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,bt表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系）apublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.↓（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表作者態(tài)度35.theauthor’s35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsisA]indifferent?B]negative↓?C]positive↑?D]biased?【1段】Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviorshabitsamongconsumersThesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.【末段】Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentless↓advertisingAsthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveerupted（噴發(fā)）whenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeauty↓creamsorunhealthyfoods.（adj、adv表作者態(tài)度22.Theauthor’sattitude22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVisA]critical↓?B]supportive?C]sympathetic?D]ambiguous?【3段】Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutes（通勤，坐車往返）towork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandless↓ofitwatching evision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhop monthsayear ng,andishardlyjollierforit).（時(shí)間）對(duì)比本質(zhì)是轉(zhuǎn)折處靈活(二40.RegardingthefutureoftheEU40.RegardingthefutureoftheEU，theauthorseemstofeel A]pessimistic?desperateconceitedhopeful【【1段】WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit？Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject‘sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt，populationdeclineandlowergrowth.【末段】ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld‘slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest，theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal：builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries，itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods，capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization，andmakecapitalismbenign.末段轉(zhuǎn)折【1段】ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasits【1段】ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisfavorabletosaytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!"wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.【末段】OnepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecordGilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynotedAlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization."Butwhatwillbethenatureofthat（問號(hào)、but）Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorA]doubtful.↓?=？B]enthusiastic.↑?C]confident.↑?D]puzzled.↑?(一【【1段】ComeonEverybody’sngit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalf（半推半就）iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressureItusuallyleadstonogood-drinking↓,drugs↓andcasualsex↓.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.【末段】Farlesscertainhowever（轉(zhuǎn)折上面的↑）ishowsuccessfully（文章主要25.TheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureA]harmful?有害的desirable?profound?questionable?件事情多么成功是無法確定的）件事情多么成功是無法確定的）expertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmatesThetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.專家學(xué)者成功引導(dǎo)同齡人向好方向是不確定的?！⒄Z懷【4段】Unfortunay（but、yet、however不具有的態(tài)度）thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortly【4段】Unfortunay（but、yet、however不具有的態(tài)度）thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.?Theprospectseems(一)2007Text2（IQ測(cè)試Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?A]Supportive.?.Impartial.Biased.【1段】Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequencesamongothersimilartasksSoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondnessOrwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.【2段】Clearly,inligence passesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofinligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?【3ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.……【4段】Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowInligentIsInligenceTesting?”,……練習(xí)：英語一（作業(yè)中心及態(tài)度 把文章中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞、形容詞、副詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞畫出近五 80％作者態(tài)度題都是懷疑（自己要?jiǎng)幽X子，不要過分依賴技巧(二外來的人什么態(tài)度，產(chǎn)生什么影作者態(tài)度的對(duì)象就是文章的中心（英語一注意AccordingtoParagraph1，Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor＿. A]gainingexcessiveprofits?細(xì)節(jié)錯(cuò)誤failingtofulfillherdutyrefusingtomakecompromises?leavingtheboardintoughtimes?WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe＿. A]generousinvestors?沒有談到unbiasedexecutivessharepriceforecasters?independentadvisersAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector‘ssurprisedeparture，thefirmislikelyto＿. reportincreasedearnings?偷換概念增加營收 dolesswellinthestockmarketperformworsein ）?偷換概念更糟的 Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors. A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirmB]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrong ngsinthefirmC]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirmD]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirmTheauthor‘sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis＿. ☆[態(tài)度題]A]permissive?B]positive?C]scornful?D]critical?串聯(lián)全文段落，（通常作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和大眾不同yearlatershebecame ofBrownUniversity.FortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticismButbytheendof2009MsSimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee；howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked？ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime，shesaid.21題‘