2015年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二試題(DOC)

2015年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)一致考試英語二試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkAB,CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)

,Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat-astrangerisvirtuallyunbearableEveryonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1undergroundItsasadreality-ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings-becausetheres2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldntknowityourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:Pleasedontapproachme.

,3intoWhatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoachWefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6ascreep,WefearweIIbe7WefearweIIbedisruptiveStrangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintancesToavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.PhonesbecomeoursecurityblanketWortmannsays.Theyareourhappy

,glassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookupitdoesnt12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroeder

,askedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidntexpectapositiveexperienee,afterthey17withtheexperiment,notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosecommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.Itsthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

sans[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signail[D]record[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from[A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed[A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring[A]hurt[B]resis[C]bend[D]decay[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D]design[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequenee[A]unless[B]sinee[C]if[D]whereas[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare答案：signal2.Much3.plugged4.message5.behind6.misinterpreted7.judged8.unfamiliar9.anxious10.turndangerous12.hurt13.Conversation14.passengers15.predict16.ride17.wentthrough18.infact19.since20.simple原標(biāo)題：2015年考研英語二真題答案（完好版）SectionnReadingComprehensionPartAText1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.Peopleartactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeoplescortntlol.Whichisitatstressmarker.Whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,writesoneoftheresearchers.SarahDamaske,Infactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.itismennotwomen.Whoreportbeingbappicrathomethanatwork,Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrcnandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypcoplcwhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesntmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhentheyreathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,itsnotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butitsnotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhattheyresupposedtobedoing:working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,oriftheyreteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,theyreyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soitsnotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathomewasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxationgeneratedmorestressthantheworkplacewasanidealplaceforstressmeasurementofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?WorkingmothersChildlesshusbandsChildlesswivesWorkingfathers23Theblurringofworkingwomensrolesreferstothefactthaytheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewivestheirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingbackthereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehinditisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice24.Thewordmoola(Line4,4)mostprobablymeansenergyskillsearningsnutritionThehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironmentdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cuthouseholdtasksaregenerallymoremotivatingfamilylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded答案：DofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplaceBchildlesshusbandsAtheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewivesCearningsBdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cutText2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvaneeeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreatedadoxinthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhascontinuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthancloseachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegreeTheirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learntherulesofthegame,andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,theywriteAndthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshasreducedtheirdropoutratesnarrowedtheachievementgaomisseditsoriginalpurposedepressedcollegestudents27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecausetheproblemissolvabletheirapproachiscostless[qtherecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtostudents28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudentsstudyatprivateuniversitiesarefromsingle-parentfamilies[qareinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudentsareactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgapcanhaveapotentialinflueneeonotherstudentsmaylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojectsareinexperieneedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege3O.Wemayinferfromthelastgraphthatuniversitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-classstudentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresourcessocialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiencescollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion答案：CmisseditsoriginalpurposeAtheproblemissolvableCareinneedoffinancialsupportDareinexperieneedinhandlingissuesatcollegeDcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3Evenintraditionaloffices,thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples.IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,thereweretives,butwedidnttalkaboutenergy；wedidnttalkaboutpassion.Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisveryteam-oriented-andnotbycoincidence.LetsnotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,itsstillabigdeal.Itsnotexplicitlyconscious;itstheideathatImacoach,andyouremyteam,andwereinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegianeetothefirm.Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,saidKhuranaThisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalaneeThemommywarsofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcanthaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandbergsLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyourpassion,youllbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbedButthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid,Youcangetpeopletothinkitsnonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.Inaworkplacethatsfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouareAccordingtoNancyKoehn,officeIanguagehasbecome[A]moreemotional[B]moretivelessenergeticlessenergeticlessstrategicteam-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedtohistoricalincidentsgenderdiffereneesportscultureathleticexecutivesKhuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimstorevivehistoricaltermspromotecompanyimagefostercorporatecooperationstrengthenemployeeloyalty34.ltcanbeinferredthatLeanIn[A]voicesforworkingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworkaholicstriggersdcbatesamongmommiespraisesmotivatedemployeesWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit[B]LinguistsbelieveittobenonsenseCompaniesfindittobefundamentalRegularpeoplemockitbutacceptit答案：AmoreemotionalCsportscultureDstrengthenemployeeloyaltyAvoicesforworkingwomenCcompaniesfindittobefundamentalText4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreporledforJure,alongwiththedropintheunemploymenttaketo6Jpercent.atgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwastargelyovedookcd.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4,4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevideneeofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthediffereneebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursintherefereneeweek.Iftheanswerisyes.theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyelassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuraneeoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymrswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsuraneewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsuranee.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsuraneethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuraneeinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnoIongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsuranee.36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausetheyA.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobsB.feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeetcannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobshaventseentheweaknessofthemarket38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUSishardertoacquirethanoneyearagoshowsageneraltendencyofdeclinesatisfiestherealneedofthejoblessislowerthanbeforetherecession39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,.itisnoIongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsuraneeemploymentisnoIongerapreconditiontogetinsuraneeitisstillchallengingtogetinsuraneeforfamilymrsfull-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsuraneeThetextmainlydiscusses.A.employmentintheUSpart-timerclassificationinsuraneethroughMedicaidObamacarestrouble答案：Btheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobsCcannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobsBshowsageneraltendencyofdeclineBemploymentisnoIongerapreconditiontogetinsuraneeAemploymentintheUSSomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercorneToucghTimesUefortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses,Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,arontanticrelatlonshlpofahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldremrthattheywontlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventallymoveastowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsIvelearnedalongtheway.41.Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalidangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreatengwithahelpofexaggeratingfears.Myfavoriteactorwillsmithonceinnerbarrierssaid,Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.42.Ifyouarebyand43..Sometimesitiscasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.44..Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysremrthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople,Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives.Trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandcncouragement.45.Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalaneebygainingtivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourofownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.Youliveinyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,

haveyour

ownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices.答案：DMostofyourfearsareunrealEThinkabouttheresentmomentGTherearemanythingstobegratefulforAyouarenotaloneCPaveyourownuniquepathSection川Translation46.TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethatsveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsitseasytoloseconcentrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingseenery.Theconsequeneeisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedonthavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecantremrthejourneywellbecausewedidntpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwasshorter.參照譯文：想一想看在一條特別熟習(xí)的路上駕駛的感覺，這可能發(fā)生在上班，進(jìn)城或回家的路上。不論怎樣，你會熟習(xí)路上的每一個迂回波折。在這種旅游中，我們很簡單會分別注意力而且不太關(guān)注路邊的景色。結(jié)果就是你誤認(rèn)為旅途比實質(zhì)所用的時間要少。這是美好的旅途所產(chǎn)生的收效：人們經(jīng)常會低估在熟習(xí)的旅途中所用掉的時間。我們分別注意力的方式會致使這種結(jié)果。當(dāng)我們在著名的行程中行駛時，我們不用過于集中精力，時間憂如過得飛速。隨后，當(dāng)我們回憶整個過程時，因為沒有特別留意，會變得印象模糊。此時，我們憂如會感覺這段旅途會更短些。SectionIVWritingPartA47.Direerions:Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeanoticeto"brieflyintroducethecampa