(2020年編輯)被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(附答案)

歡迎來主頁被動語態(tài)講解一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過去時(shí)例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過去完成時(shí)例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般將來時(shí)例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone過去將來時(shí)例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）shall/willhavebeendone將來完成時(shí)（少用）例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞＋ be＋過去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette可.改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞 see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)精品文檔歡迎來主頁v.+ing形式及不定式 todo也有被動語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被動語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)， 還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1.講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by短語)。例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.為了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個(gè)主語就夠了）三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth.”有：。Itissaidthat 據(jù)?說,Itisreportedthat 據(jù)報(bào)道?，Itisbelievedthat 大家?相信，Itishopedthat 大家?希望，Itiswellknownthat 眾所?周知，Itisthoughtthat ?大家認(rèn)為，Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建?議。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam（.＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam）.四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛?。㏕hedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢？系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable精品文檔歡迎來主頁五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1．在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。2．形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?此(處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too?to?結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.在therebe?句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用 tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，誰losttime不明確。）7.在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞?！皍nder名+詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在討論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎??勝過??、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyondbelief(令人難以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭長莫及），beyondone’scontrol（無法控制），beyondourhope．我們的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過??、高于??”。精品文檔歡迎來主頁例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“適于??、為著??”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在??過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“在從事??中”。常見的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受審）。例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示“超出??之外“，常見的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出視線之外），outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can ’tbecontrolled)．。8．“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在??內(nèi)、不超過??”。例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission.被動語態(tài)習(xí)題1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhaveto B．a(chǎn)renotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhaveto D．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.developed B.havedevelopedC.arebeingdeveloped D.willhavebeendeveloped____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentold B．I'vetold C．I'mtoldD．Itold4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken精品文檔歡迎來主頁Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetupThatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.costLook!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedutoC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaught C.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn ’tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught C.taughtD.Teaching21)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designed B)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesigned D)willhavebeendesigned22)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.精品文檔歡迎來主頁willalreadyhavestartedshallhavealreadystarted

wouldalreadyhavestartedhasalreadybeenstarted23)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken24)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound25)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted26)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped27)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed28)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished29)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined30)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome31)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced32)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is33)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded34)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercome精品文檔歡迎來主頁C)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome35)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen36)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling37)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon38)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowwhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen39)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenproved