(2020年編輯)被動語態(tài)講解及練習(附答案)

歡迎來主頁被動語態(tài)講解一、被動語態(tài)的構成形式被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進行時例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過去時例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過去完成時例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過去進行時例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般將來時例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone過去將來時例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）shall/willhavebeendone將來完成時（少用）例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.被動語態(tài)的特殊結構形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞＋ be＋過去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構中的主語，其余不動。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette可.改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞 see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)精品文檔歡迎來主頁v.+ing形式及不定式 todo也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài))。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被動語態(tài)學習被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結構， 還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1.講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時可省 by短語)。例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.為了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個主語就夠了）三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據說”或“相信”的動詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth.”有：。Itissaidthat 據?說,Itisreportedthat 據報道?，Itisbelievedthat 大家?相信，Itishopedthat 大家?希望，Itiswellknownthat 眾所?周知，Itisthoughtthat ?大家認為，Itissuggestedthat據建?議。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam（.＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam）.四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛?。㏕hedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2.表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable精品文檔歡迎來主頁五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1．在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。2．形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?此(處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too?to?結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.在therebe?句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用 tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，誰losttime不明確。）7.在betodo結構中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。“under名+詞”結構，表示“某事在進行中”。常見的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在討論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名詞”結構，“出乎??勝過??、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyondbelief(令人難以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭長莫及），beyondone’scontrol（無法控制），beyondourhope．我們的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名詞”結構,表示“(品質、行為、能力等)超過??、高于??”。精品文檔歡迎來主頁例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名詞”結構，表示“適于??、為著??”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名詞”結構，表示“在??過程中或范圍內”常見的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在視野范圍內)，等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名詞”結構,表示“在從事??中”。常見的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受審）。例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名詞”結構；表示“超出??之外“，常見的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出視線之外），outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can ’tbecontrolled)．。8．“within+名詞”結構，“在??內、不超過??”。例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission.被動語態(tài)習題1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhaveto B．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhaveto D．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.developed B.havedevelopedC.arebeingdeveloped D.willhavebeendeveloped____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentold B．I'vetold C．I'mtoldD．Itold4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken精品文檔歡迎來主頁Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetupThatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.costLook!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedutoC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaught C.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn ’tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught C.taughtD.Teaching21)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designed B)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesigned D)willhavebeendesigned22)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.精品文檔歡迎來主頁willalreadyhavestartedshallhavealreadystarted

wouldalreadyhavestartedhasalreadybeenstarted23)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken24)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound25)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted26)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped27)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed28)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished29)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined30)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome31)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced32)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is33)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded34)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercome精品文檔歡迎來主頁C)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome35)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen36)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling37)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon38)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowwhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen39)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenproved