大學(xué)生英語四級真題-10(2021年-2022年)

2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題試卷一(完整版)Part I Writing(25minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內(nèi)完成該部分，之后將進(jìn)行聽力考)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainreasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast 120wordsbutnomorethan 180words.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Part II Listening (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A）Itwasdangeroustolivein.B）Itwasgoingtoberenovated.C）HecouldnolongerpaytheD）Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.A）Astrike.Astorm.AforestAterroristattack.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A）Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B）Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.C）Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.D）Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio. A）Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.B）Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.C）Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.D）TheyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandQuestions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A）Raisepostagerates.B）Improveitsservices.C）Redesigndeliveryroutes.D）Closesomeofitspostoffices. A）Shorteningbusinesshours.B）Closingofficesonholidays.C）StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.D）Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.A）Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.B）Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.C）Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.D）Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest answer fromthe four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. A）Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.B）Hewillgothroughretraining.C）Hewillbegivenawarning.D）Hewilllosepartofhispay. A）Heisalwaysontime.B）HeisatrustworthyC）Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.D）Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.B）Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.C）Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D）Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.Heisskilledandexperienced.B）Heisveryclosetothemanager.Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Open.Friendly.Selfish.Theystayquiet.B）TheyreadaTheytalkabouttheweather.Theychatwithfellowpassengers.Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.B）ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague'shome.Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.Housesaremuchmorequiet.B）Housesprovidemoreprivacy.C）Theywanttohavemorespace.D）TheywantagardenoftheirSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesorfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedB),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Theydon'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.B）TheyarelikelytogetmuchhigherTheydon'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.D）Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.B）Lookatschoolbulletinboards.C）Visittheschoolcareersservice.D）Gothroughcampusnewspapers.Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.B）Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C）Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.D）Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Ittastesbetter.B）ItiseasiertoItmaybesoldatahigherprice.Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.ItishealthierthangreenB）Itcangrowindriersoil.Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.D）Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.B）Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.C）Ithasmadeteafarmers'lifeeasier.Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.B）Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.C）Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.D）Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.Theywereproudoftheircreations.B）Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.C）Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.D）Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.Makewisechoices.B）Identifyfakecrafts.C）Designhandicraftsthemselves.D）Learntheimportanceofcreation.Toboostthelocaleconomy.B）ToattractforeignC）Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.D）Topreservethetraditionalculture.PartⅢminutes)SectionA

ReadingComprehension (40Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow(26) heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto(27) to coralbleaching珊瑚白化andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea(28) .Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto(29) .Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter(30) ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury(31) ofBritishnavalshipsmodem automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources,(32) computer simulations ( 計算機(jī)模擬), created a timeline of ocean temperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossil(33) .About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata(34) ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theythey're(35) whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'ssurface.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerquestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetCanBurglarsJamYourWirelessSecuritySystem?Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination．Soitisn’tsurprisingthatyou’11findplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome—securitysystems．Themostlikelytypeofburglary(人室盜竊)byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeof opportunity，usually involving a broken window or some forcedentry．AccordingtotheFB1．crimesliketheseaccountedfor roughlytwoofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin2013．Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal．unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen．TheoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemaresosmallthattheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics．Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome—securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether．Withsetups，thefearisthataburglar(人室盜賊)mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplyby cutting the rightcable．Withawirelesssetup．youstick battery—poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows。doors，motion，and more．If they detect something wrong while the system armed．they’lltransmitawirelessaleftsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm．Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord—cuttingconcerns--butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent，jamming?withthefightdevicetunedtothefrequency，what’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?Jammingconcernsarenothingnew，andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems．Anydevicethat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency．Forcomparison．1et’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople--allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear．Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston—matmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling．Theywill．however．needtoknowwhatsystemthey’relookingfo．Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse，thatdpointthemintherightdirection，thoughatthatpoint，we’retalkingaboutahighlytargeted，semi—sophisticatedattack，andnotthesortofforced—entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers．Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks．SimpliSafe，winnerofourEditors’Choicedistinction．utilizesa special system that’s capableof separating incidental RF interference targetedjammingattacks．Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed，it’llnotifyyouviapushalert(推送警報)．Fromthere，it’suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually．SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming，completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment．AftertakingappropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab，wetestedtheattackoutforourselves，andwereabletoverifythatit’spossiblewiththerightequipment．However．wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jamming system works．It caught us in the act，sent an alert to smartphone，andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog．Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem，orwhetherornotitdetectedthem．Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware．Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemworks ．thenfigureoutawayaroundit．Eveniftheycould，SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolving，andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem，whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit．Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming．TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite，citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t documentedcasesofasuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthel980s．Jammingattacksare absolutelypossible．As said before．with the fightequipmentandtherightknow—how，it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission．Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti—jammingsystem．First，athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome，specifically．Then，he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup．Presumably，youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway，sothethiefwill still needtobreakin．Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow，orbreakingawindow．He’11needtobejammingyouatthispoint，asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm．S0，too，wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome，sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal．However．he’11needtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem，thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnothaveaccessto．Attheendoftheday，thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash —and—grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany—sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome，onethatincludescommonsensethings like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night．No system isimpenetrable，andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoreticallyexploit．Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst —casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack．注意：此部分試題請?jiān)?上作答。It is possible for burglarsto make jamming attacks with the equipmentandskill．Interferingwith awirelesssecuritysystem is similartointerfering with conversation．．Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm，both insideandoutsidethehouse．．SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental interferencefromtargeted jammingattacks．40．Onlyaverysmallproportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans．41．ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging．Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected．Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewireless securitysystem．SimpliSafe’sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner’scellphone．Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice’sfrequencybyInternetsearch．SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerPassageOne

2ithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches--includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes--willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)?上作答。WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholand.tobacco?A)Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D）TheywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesofWhyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.B）Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B）Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C）Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.D）Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.B）Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16--lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence."Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord."Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines."That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia厭食癥resultsindeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteMentalHealth.It'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Profession