高中英語(yǔ)外研版Module4Greatscientists

SectionⅠIntroduction,Reading&Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)一、單詞拼寫sofanimalshavedisappearedbecausetheycouldnotadapttothechangingenvironment.

答案：speciesmanwasoneofthegreatfinhistory.

答案：figureswriterwaseataverygoodschoolwhenhewasyoung.

答案：educatedbuildinghasbeencintoaschool.

答案：convertedhaspquitealotofarticles.

答案：publishedaimat(質(zhì)量)ratherthanquantity.

答案：qualityisan(農(nóng)業(yè)的)country.

答案：agricultural(出口)goodstomanycountriesandregions.

答案：exports(最初的)ownerofthehousewasDukeWellington.

答案：original’sbelievedthatadvertisingcanincrease(產(chǎn)量)andsales.

答案：yieldneedsahighincometo(供養(yǎng))suchalargefamily.

答案：support二、用方框內(nèi)所給詞或短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空bringupbeinterestedinthekeytoreplace...withfigureoutbreakthroughrefertobringinsearchforsupporttheywillthestickabigstone.

答案：replace;withhavemadeagreatinthekidneytransplant.

答案：breakthroughauthorbeginsbytheearlyhistoryofIndia.

答案：referringtomustthatlostwalletuntilIfindit.

答案：searchforthenawhite-hairedoldwomanentered,byagirl.

答案：supportedwasborninTexasbutinOkalahoma.

答案：broughtupwhatwasgoingonintheartworld.

答案：wereinterestedinfirmhasanewmanagementteamtoworkontheproject.

答案：broughtinpolicemanholdssolvingthecrime.

答案：thekeytojustcan’twhyhegaveupsuchagoodchance.

答案：figureout能力提升三、閱讀理解ARecordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudy(蜂窩)—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmers’crops.In2023,scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbeeslivingin,LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingbeforesheaskedfarmerstogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms,sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetupashethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintoandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmed,LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinatreeclosetoeachfamily.Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideotheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangryreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderLucyplayedthesoundofawaterfall(瀑布)insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephantfamilies,theanimalswereafterfourminutes,mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveralhasn’ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,butherinitial(最初的)resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithhasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.knowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightenedof.

noisescropscameras bees答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知,D項(xiàng)正確。mentionedinthepassage,Lucy.

byherselfinAfricatotestmoreelephantgroupsstoppedelephantseatingcropsgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段第二句“Shehasn’ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow”可知,B項(xiàng)正確。didLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?recordthesoundofbees.makeavideoofelephants.seeifelephantswouldrunaway.findoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“...setuparecorder”和最后一句可知,A項(xiàng)正確。ofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?elephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.canmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.donotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.donotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和第二句可知,C項(xiàng)正確。B(2023·浙江高考)Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleinall,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?Perhaps,butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理學(xué)家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground-and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaught,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectstheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected?).Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway-thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolate.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceanddoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld-issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourevolution(進(jìn)化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemassamecognitive(認(rèn)知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultsomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”tosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,.

baby’splayisnothingmorethanagameresearchintobabies’gamesispossiblenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedbaby’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperiment答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段最后一句中“...somedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理學(xué)家)havearguedthatthis‘play’ismorelikeascientificinvestigation...”可知科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和孩子的玩耍這兩種行為均包含一種共性。D項(xiàng)中issomehowsimilarto和句中ismorelike為同義替換。learnfromParagraph2that.

andbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在第二段中,作者通過(guò)實(shí)例論證了嬰兒的玩耍和科學(xué)家們的實(shí)驗(yàn)兩者間存在的共性,即目的、方法和邏輯相同。注意該段落最后一句話括號(hào)中的信息:gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld,D項(xiàng)中的collect和gathering屬于同義替換。故選擇D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在differently;B項(xiàng)屬于理解錯(cuò)誤,正確的表述應(yīng)該是科學(xué)家們以及嬰兒和物質(zhì)世界的互動(dòng);C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在bornwith一詞。maylearntherulesoflanguageby.

thephysicalworldhumanpsychologytheirownexperimentstheirparents’behaviors答案：C解析：推理判斷題。推理判斷的起點(diǎn)是第三段第一句中“usingsimilarmeans”這一說(shuō)明。既然調(diào)查人類心理和語(yǔ)言規(guī)則的方法同上,則應(yīng)該從上文的第二段中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的方法,即第二段倒數(shù)第二句中“throughrepeatedexperiments”,因此選擇C項(xiàng)。isthemainideaofthelastparagraph?worldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.babies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.mayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.答案：B解析：主旨大意題。段落的首句為該段的主旨句。該句句意:把兒童的發(fā)展看作是一個(gè)科學(xué)研究的過(guò)程,這闡明了孩子學(xué)習(xí)的方法;同時(shí)也對(duì)怎樣看待科學(xué)和科學(xué)家具有啟示性意義。因此研究嬰兒的玩耍的科學(xué)性可以更好地理解科學(xué)本身的發(fā)展,故B項(xiàng)正確。四、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。CharlieChaplinwasanEnglishcomicactorandfilm1.(direct)ofthesilentfilmerawhobecameoneofthebest-knownfilmstarsintheworldbeforetheendoftheWorldWarⅠ.Chaplinusedmime,slapstick(打鬧劇)andothervisualcomedyroutines,and2.(continue)wellintotheeraofthetalkies(有聲電影),3.hisfilmsdecreasedinfrequencyfromthe