高等學校研究生英語綜合教程上Unit

高等學校研究生英語綜合教程上UnitCulinaryDelightsinChinaReadingFocus

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding2LocalChinesecuisines3Everydishhasastory4Warmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfood(Paras.2-5)(Paras.6-11)(Paras.12-15)①Introduction(Para.1)LocalChinesecuisinesSichuancuisine:__________________________________________________________theuseofChinesepricklyashseedsandotherspiceslikechilipepper

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingdeliciousyeteconomicalfamous

foritsspicyandhotfoodItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromtheMingdynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofcuisinebasedonregionalcooking.(Para.2)school:學派LaoziisoneofthemainworksoftheSchoolofTaoist.ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationHere,eachandeveryrestaurantprovidesdeliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare.(Para.3)fare:n.票價；費用；旅客；食物例：1)Hecouldbarelyaffordthefare.他幾乎付不起車費。2)Forfishers,thisistheeverydayfare,thoughnotusuallyforthemorningmealaswell!這些食物對漁民來說，雖然都是日常的食糧，但他們自己也甚少在早上享用。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformation

Guangdongcuisine:withits_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.famousfor

__________________________________________

__________________________________________C._____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingown

characteristicsthathas

exertedafar-reaching

influenceonother

partsof

Chinaandtheworlditsseafoodas

wellasforitsoriginality

andrefinedcooking

processesofferingvarioussoupsLocalChinesecuisinesGuangdongProvinceislocatedinsouthernChina,withamoderateclimateandabundantproduceallyearround.(Para.4)moderate:(adj.)neitherverybignorverysmall,veryhotnorverycold,veryfastnorveryslowetc中等的，適度的moderateexercise適度的運動amoderateincome過得去的收入havemoderatesuccess大致還算成功atamoderatespeed以適中的速度“produce”,usedasanoun,means

foodorotherthingsthathavebeengrownorproducedonafarmtobesolde.g.

freshlocalproduce新鮮特產(chǎn)

dairyproduce奶產(chǎn)品

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Asoneoftheearliestportsopentoforeigntrade,theprovincehasdevelopedaculinaryculturewithitsowncharacteristicsthathasexertedafar-reachinginfluenceonotherpartsofChinaaswellasthroughouttheworldwhereitisthemostcommonlyavailableChinesecuisine.(Para.4)exert:vt.施加(影響、壓力);運用(權威);耗費(自己的精力)例：1)Heexertedconsiderableinfluenceonthethinkingofthescientificcommunityontheseissues.他對科學界在這些問題上的思考施加了相當大的影響。2)Donotexertyourselfunnecessarily.不要無謂地耗費自己的精力。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationZhejiangcuisine:A.___________________B.____________________________________ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandinglightandexquisitewiththerefreshingflavors

ofnatureLocalChinesecuisines

Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelower

YangtzeRiver.(Para.5)

light:(adj.)foodoralchholicdrinkthatislighteitherdoesnothaveastrongflavororiseasytodigest

e.g.1)Wehadalightwhitewinewiththefish.2)alight,refreshingdessertexquisite:(adj.)

extremelybeautifulanddelicate

精致的；精美的e.g.

anexquisitehand-paintedvase精致的手繪花瓶

ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint

---butoftentheflavorislessauthenticcomparedtothatfoundinHangzhou,capitalofZhejiangProvince,whichhasuniqueaccesstothefishandwaterofWestLake.(Para.5)authentic:adj.真正的，真實的；可信的例：authenticItalianfood.正宗的意大利食品。

Ihadobtainedtheauthenticdetailsaboutthebirthoftheorganization.我已經(jīng)弄到了有關該組織成立的可靠的詳細資料ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationEverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingGoubuli:A.Goubulisteamedbuns______________________________

_____________________________.B.Theywere________________________________________

_________________________________________________.DongpoMeat:A.___________________________________,agreatpoetoftheNorthernSongDynasty.B.________________________________________________.first

soldin

Tianjinabout

150

yearsago

sopopularthat

theownerhadnotimeto

answerhiscustomersThisdishwasnamedafter

SuDongpoHerewardedworkerswith

stewedporkinsoysauceItissaidthat,whenhewasinchargeofthedrainageworkfortheWestLake,SuDongporewardedworkerswithstewedporkinsoysauce,andpeoplelaternameditDongpoMeat,tocommemoratethisgiftedandgenerouspoet.(Para.9)

rewardsb.withsth.:獎賞Thosescientificandtechnologicalpersonnelhavebeenrewardedwithagreatsumofmoney.ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationEverydishhasastoryReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingBuddhaJumpingovertheWall:Thisdishwascreatedinthe__________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________.B.Itisprepared_________________________________.C.______________________________.

GatheringSpringGarden

inFuzhou,Fujian,during

thereignofQingEmperor

Guangxu.withmore

than20mainingredientsApoetwroteapoemfor

thedish

BuddhaJumpingovertheWallwascreatedinarestaurantcalledGatheringSpring

GardeninFuzhou,Fujian,duringthereignoftheQingEmperor,Guangxu(1875-1908).

(Para.11)

reign:(n.)theperiodoftimeduringwhichsomeoneiskingorqueen

e.g.

changesthattookplaceduringhisreignreign:(v.)toruleanationorgroupofnationsastheirking,queen,oremperore.g.

GeorgeVIreignedfrom1936to1952.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

Fragrancespreadstotheneighborhoodoncethelidlifts,OnewhiffandtheBuddajumpsthewall,abandoningtheZenprecepts.(Para.11)壇啟葷香飄四鄰，佛聞棄禪跳墻來。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationWarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfoodReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingEatinghabitshavenotchanged.A.Theoldandyoung__________________________________.B.Elders_____________________________________________

____________________________.C.Thehostessorhost___________________________________.D.Everyone___________________________________________.sitinorder

ofseniority

selectfoodforthe

youngand

theyoungmake

toaststotheeldersapportions

thedishestotreatgueststakesinto

considerationthe

needsofthe

groupTheeldersselectfoodfortheyoungwhiletheyoungmaketoaststotheelders.(Para.12)

Ifyoumakeatoasttosomeone,youdrinksomethinginordertothankthem,wishthemlucketc.e.g.

I'dliketomakeatoasttothebrideandgroom.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

InChina,foodeatenduringfestivalsisparticularlyimportant.Atdifferentfestivals,

peoplepartakeofdifferentfare.(Para.15)

partakeof:toeatordrinksomethingthatisofferedtoyou

e.g.

1)Grandmotherlikestopartakeofasmallglassofsherrybeforelunch.

2)Willyoupartakeofaglassofwine?

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingSpecialfoodforsocial

festivals:A.__________________________________________________.B.__________________________________________________.C.__________________________________________________.JiaozifortheSpringFestivalYuanxiaofortheLantern

FestivalZongziforDuanwuFestivalWarmthandhospitalityexpressedbyfoodAttheDuanwufestival,peopleeatzongzi,glutinousricewrappedintriangularshapeinreedleaves,tocommemoratethebelovedpoetQuYuan,whodrownedhimselfintheMiluoRiverafterbeingpoliticallywronged.(Para.15)

wrong:n.壞事；不公正adj.錯誤的；失常的；不適當?shù)膙t.委屈；無理地對待；誹謗Youwrongedhimwhenyousaidthathewasdishonest.你說他不誠實是屈了他了。ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationTextExploration

Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P43)

ReadingFocus

–DetailedInformationKey1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-CDABDBBDABTask1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P46)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-ABBCBABCACTask21.budA.Ablossomdevelopsfroma

_______.B.Inthispoem,the

_____________

flowermeansyouth.2.accessA.Theonly

_________tothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack.B.Userscan

_________theirvoicemailremotely.3.tasteA.Themedicinehadaslightlybitter

_________.B.Therewasalotofhardworkbeforewefirst

________success.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning.(P47)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

bud(n.)budding(adj.)access(n.)access(v.)taste(n.)taste(v.)4.foolA.Katherinewasnobody’s

_______whenitcametomoney.B.It’snogood

_________yourself.He’duceA.Thefactory____________anincredible100carsperhour.B.Weselltinnedgoodsandlocal

_____________.6.garnishA.They

___________theroomwithmodernpaintings.B.Thechickenwasservedwith

_____________ofparsleyandgreenonion.7.reignA.TheQueen

___________butdoesnotrule.B.Theking’s

____________lastedfor30years.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

fool(n.)fooling(n.)produces(v.)produces(n.)garnish(v.)garnishes(n.)reigns(v.)reign(n.)8.concernA.Environmentalprotectionisagrowing___________inChina.B.Helovedhiswife,and_____________A.Thebuildingis__________afterasuccessfulentrepreneur.B.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirst_________?10.practiceA.I’ve_____________playingthepianoforfiveyears.B.Itishis_____________totakeawalkafterdinnereveryevening.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

concern(n.)concerned(v.)named(v.)name(n.)practiced(v.)practice(n.)Task3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehand CuisineinChinaisaharmonious1)__________ofcolor,taste,shapeandfragrance.Forthecookingprocess,chefspick2)_______andvariedingredientsandseasoningsandemploytheunparalleledandcomplicatedskills3)_______downfromtheirfathers,always4)________totheiridealofperfectionforallthesenses.Amongthemanycookingmethodstheyuseareboiling,stewing,braising,frying,5)_________,crisping,baking,egrationchoicehandedaspiringsteamingWhentheyfinishtheir

6)___________theyarearrangedonavarietyofplatesanddishessothattheyareareal7)__________

toview,tosmellandultimatelytosavor.Thefacilityto8)_________ofthesedelightsisalso

distinctive—chopsticks!Toseeeventhesmallestchildeatwithsuchdexterityisquite9)__________formanyforeigners.Theuseoftwosimplesticksinthiswayisanartinitselfandchopstickshave

determinedthewayinwhichChinesefoodis10)__________atthetable.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

masterpiecespleasurepartakeamazingpresentedmasterpieceintegratepartakesteamchoiceamazepleasurepresentaspirehandACuisineCrisisReadingMoreDiscussingroupstoidentifythemissinginformation.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAboutFrenchcuisineA.Asforrawmaterials,thereare:herbs,fruitsandvegetables________________________________________________;seafood,e.g.__________wildgame,e.g.________________________;andsausagesandcheeseslaidoutto___________________.piledhighin

greengrocers’

creativegeometricsoysterhare,venison,boarsmell

and

savorDiscussingroupstoidentifythemissinginformation.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAboutFrenchcuisineB.NothinghasstoodforFrance’ssenseofexceptionalismmorefamouslythanitscooking.e.g.Waterhasmany________________

_____________tastesandthetaste

ofoliveoilscanbe___________

_______________.C.IfFrenchcuisinehasprestige,that’s

becausea._______________________________________________________________b.______________________________________________________________.

differentand

marketable

nutty,

fruity

impudentFrancehaschefs

whoare

interestedin

goodproductsFrancestillhaspeasantagriculture

aswellasfactoryfarmsReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingManyfactorscausedthedeclineofFrenchcuisineA.Globalization____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Manyfruitsandvegetablesontheoutdoor

market

areimportedfromforeigncountries.

Gallictalent,tasteandtechniquehavebeenexportedallovertheworldandatthesame

time,whatismediocre,cheap

andpopularhasbeenimported.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingManyfactorscausedthedeclineofFrenchcuisineB.Governmenttaxandeconomicpoliciesa.b.

c.

d.Moreandmorerestaurateurshavetocopewithredtape,nottomentionedictsfrom

BrusselsthataffecteverythingfromsalestaxestothebacteriaintheBrie.

The“harmonized”value-addedtaxesbenefitfast-foodchainswhilepenalizingsit-down

restaurants.Strictlaborlawsrestricthiring,firingandtemp-work.

Governmentregulations,forexample,CAP,favor

quantityoverquality.Youcan’tevenbesurewherethatboarbitthedust.(Para.2)bitethedust:(戰(zhàn)斗中)受傷倒下；倒下死去;一敗涂地，失敗;受辱，丟臉例：Rowlingisn'tnamingnames,butshehassaidatleasttwocharacterswillbitethedust.羅林沒有指名道姓，但她指出至少有兩個角色會大敗。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Thecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarket,infact,drawsdirectlyonglobalization.(Para.3)congenial:意氣相投的；性格相似的；適意的；一致的Sheandhewerecongenialcompanioninyouth.他和她是竹馬青梅，志趣相投。Intheory,winemakerscandefusethethreatbysimplyshiftingproductiontomorecongeniallocations.從理論上來說，只要釀酒商把生產(chǎn)轉移到更適宜的地區(qū)，就能化解這種威脅。drawon:利用，吸收Andwemustdrawonthelessonsofexperience.我們必須借鑒以往的經(jīng)驗教訓。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Quiteliterally,

thatisnowwherealotofFrenchcookingbegins-and,increasingly,wheretheeraofgreatFrenchcuisineassomethingtrulyuniqueandexclusivetoFranceisslowlycomingtoanend.(Para.3)

exclusiveto:專為…所獨有；獨享Thestoryisexclusivetothisnewspaper.這家報紙獨家報道這個材料。

解釋：事實上，現(xiàn)在許多法國菜發(fā)源于此，而正是這兒卻日益見證著真正獨具法國特色的偉大的法式烹飪時代正在逐漸走向消亡。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

FromtheNapaValleytotheThamesandTokyo,non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrench

cuisine.(Para.4)Paraphrase:CooksfromotherpartsoftheworldhavelearnedthehighlightsoftheFrenchcuisine.crack:(v.)tosolveacomplicatedproblem,ortofindtheanswertoamystery解決(難題)；解開(秘密)e.g.

Detectivesbelievetheycancrackthecase.偵探們相信他們可以破這個案子。

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Meanwhile,whatwasmediocre

elsewhere—albeit

cheapandpopular—hasbeenimported.(Para.4)

mediocre:(adj.)

notverygoode.g.

1)

Ithoughtthebookwasprettymediocre.

2)He’sapersonofmediocreabilities.albeit:(conj.)although;evenif;eventhough盡管，即使；縱然e.g.apeaceful,albeitbriefretirement雖然短暫但卻很平靜的退休生活

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

TheyhavebecomeensnarledintheredtapeforwhichFranceisinfamous.(Para.5)ensnarl:

vt.使纏繞e.g.

tobeensnarledinthewebofprejudice陷入偏見之中不能自拔infamous:wellknownforsomethingbad

e.g.

aninfamouscriminal臭名昭著的罪犯ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

ButtherealparadoxofFrenchcooking—inFrance,atleast—isthatartisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.(Para.7)paradox:

situationorideathatisstrangebecauseithasfeaturesorqualitiesthatyouwouldnotexpecttoexisttogether自相矛盾的情況；似非而是的說法；悖論

e.g.theparadoxofpeoplewiththebestqualificationsnot

beingabletogetjobs高學歷的人無法找到工作的怪事spelltrouble/disaster/dangeretc:ifasituationoractionspellstroubleetc,itmakesyouexpecttroubleetc:招致e.g.

1)Thelackofraincouldspelldisasterforfarmers.2)Thesechangesspellruinforthecompany.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

IftheFrenchwereunderthesamefiscalregimeastheUnitedStates,we’dbeabletocreatetwiceasmanyjobs.(Para.8)regime:(n.)1)aparticularsystemofgovernmentormanagement,especiallyoneyoudisapproveof政體，政權

e.g.

military/totalitarian/fascistregime;

brutal/oppressive/corruptregime2)aparticularsystem,usedespeciallywhentalkingaboutaprevioussystem,oronethathasjustbeenintroduced管理制度

e.g.

Underthenewregime,allsheepandcattlewillbe

regularlytestedfordisease.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Strictlaborlawsrestrictinghiring,firingandtemp-workalsofigureintheequation.(Para.9)1.figure:vi.出現(xiàn)，卷入，牽涉到（in）

2.equation:相等，方程式；（不同因素）綜合體，（對某一過程起作用的）因素

Here,inthesentence,equationreferstothereasonsthatcausethedeclineofFrenchcuision.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Manysmallfarmersandrestaurateursseemtobefightingarearguardactionjusttosurvive.(Para.11)fightingarearguardaction:tomakeadeterminedefforttopreventachangethatyouthinkisbad,althoughitseemstoolatetostopit

e.g.

1)Theyhavebeenfightingarearguardactiontostopasupermarketbeingbuiltontheland.2)Hefoughtastubbornrearguardactionagainstpoliticalreform.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.(Para.12)beemblematicof:是---的象征plague:(v.)tocausecontinualdiscomfort,suffering,ortroubletosomeone

e.g.

1)Hehasbeenplaguingmewithsillyquestions.2)Financialproblemscontinuedtoplaguethecompany.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.

(P56)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-AADBABCAABTask1Task2

e.g.Artisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.“Spell”meansindicate/signifyinthesentence.

Englishwordsassumedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthecontext.(P57)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

1.Thecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarket,infact,drawsdirectlyonglobalization.“congenial”means________inthesentence.2.Non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrenchcuisine.“crack”means_____________inthesentence.pleasantunderstandReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

3.AttheannualagriculturalfairinParisthisspring,visitorsnotonlyenjoyedsippingwines,butoliveoils.“fair”means________________________________

_____________________inthesentence.

4.Oliveoils—onealittlenutty,anotherquitefruity,someofthem,oneistemptedtosay,justalittleimpudent.“impudent”means________inthesentence.

aneventinwhichpeopleorbusinessesshow

orselltheirproductscheekyReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

5.

Considerthevalue-addedtaxesthatwere“harmonized”alloverEuropeduringthe1990s.“harmonized”means________inthesentence.

6.Theypenalizesit-downrestaurants,whetherhumble

bistrosorhautecuisine.“humble”means__________________inthesentence.

unifiedmodestorunpretentiousReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

7.TheCAPissupposedtobenefitsmallfarmers,keepthemonthelandandthusnurturetheterroirthatgivesFrenchcookingitssoul.“nurture”means________inthesentence.8.TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.“afflict”means__________________inthesentence.“plague”means_____________inthesentence.cherishcause

painorsufferannoy/troubleReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

9.LikeFrenchcuisine,theFrencheconomystillholdstheoccasionalsurprise.“hold”means_______inthesentence.10.Butthebasicproblemsofbureaucracy,taxesandsocialreluctancetochangeremainaburdenforeveryone.“reluctance”means_____________inthesentence.haveunwillingnessPracticalTranslation

1.融合法融合法是指翻譯時把主句和定語從句融合成一句簡單句，其中的定語從句譯成簡單句中的謂語部分。由于限制性定語從句與主句關系較緊密，所以，融合法多用于翻譯限制性定語從句，尤其是therebe結構帶有定語從句的句型。定語從句的翻譯（2）原句中的主句部分thereisaman翻譯成“有人”，然后將定語從句譯成句子的謂語部分。1)Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.樓下有人要見你。2)Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.

在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。3)BeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemands.企業(yè)要求員工能承受風險。原句中的主句部分therearemanypeople翻譯成“許多人”，作譯文的主語，然后將定語從句譯成句子的謂語部分。與其將從句處理成帶“的”的前置定語“接受風險是企業(yè)要求的東西”，或是后置的分句“承受風險，那是企業(yè)要求的”，都沒有將主從句相融合譯得更簡潔緊湊。

2．轉換法

有些定語從句從形式上看是定語從句，但從意義上分析卻具有狀語從句的性質和功能。翻譯時應分析原文主句和從句之間的邏輯關系，然后譯成相應的分句。1)AshardworkingasDogwas,hecouldnotkeepupwithdemandsohiscustomersoftenhadtowaitalongtimetobeserved.盡管狗子工作非常努力，可他還是無法滿足顧客們的需求，所以他們只能等很長時間。上例英語定語從句被譯成漢語的結果狀語從句。2)Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.

如果有人公然反抗世界公眾輿論而一意孤行，他定是個魯莽之徒。3)Imetyourmother,whowasdoingshoppingatthesupermarket.你母親在超市買東西時，我遇見了她。上例英語定語從句被譯成漢語的條件狀語從句。這里，將英語定語從句譯成漢語的時間狀語從句。4)Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.

他堅持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無此需要。5)Heiscollectingauthenticmaterialthatproveshisargument.為了證明他的論點，他正在收集確鑿的材料。6)Icouldnotrecognizeher,