2021年高考英語考試大綱(官方版)

英語考核目標(biāo)與要求一、語言知識要求考生掌握并能運(yùn)用英語語音、詞匯、語法基礎(chǔ)知識以及所學(xué)功能意念和話題（見附錄1至附錄5），要求詞匯量為3500左右。二、語言運(yùn)用1．聽力要求考生能聽懂所熟悉話題的簡短獨(dú)白和對話?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）獲取具體的、事實性信息；（3）對所聽內(nèi)容做出推斷；（4）理解說話者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。2．閱讀要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。3．寫作要求考生根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）清楚、連貫地傳遞信息，表達(dá)意思；（2）有效運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識。4．口語要求考生根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行口頭表達(dá)?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）詢問或傳遞事實性信息，表達(dá)意思和想法；2）做到語音、語調(diào)自然；3）做到語言運(yùn)用得體；4）使用有效的交際策略附錄1語音項目表基本讀音26個字母的讀音元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音元音字母在輕讀音節(jié)中的讀音元音字母組合在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音常見的元音字母組合在輕讀音節(jié)中的讀音輔音字母組合的讀音輔音連綴的讀音成節(jié)音的讀音重音單詞重音句子重音讀音的變化連讀失去爆破弱讀同化語調(diào)與節(jié)奏意群與停頓語調(diào)節(jié)奏語音、語調(diào)、重音、節(jié)奏等在口語交流中的運(yùn)用朗誦和演講中的語音技巧主要英語國家的英語語音差異附錄2語法項目表名詞可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞專有名詞名詞所有格代詞人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞不定代詞疑問代詞數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞介詞和介詞短語連詞形容詞(比較級和最高級)副詞(比較級和最高級)冠詞動詞動詞的基本形式系動詞及物動詞和不及物動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時將來進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)非謂語動詞動詞不定式⑵動詞的-ing形式動詞的-ed形式構(gòu)詞法合成法派生法轉(zhuǎn)化法縮寫和簡寫句子種類(1)陳述句疑問句祈使句感嘆句句子成分(1)主語謂語表語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語簡單句的基本句型主謂一致并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句(1)賓語從句(2)狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句間接引語省略倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)虛擬語氣附錄3功能意念項目表1.(1)問候(Greetings)(2)介紹(Introduction)告別(Farewells)⑷感謝(Thanks)道歉(Apologies)邀請(Invitation)請求允許(Askingforpermission)祝愿和祝賀(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)⑼提供幫助(Offeringhelp)接受和拒絕(Acceptanceandrefusal)約會(Makingappointments)(12)就餐(Havingmeals)就醫(yī)(Seeingthedoctor)購物(Shopping)問路(Askingtheway)談?wù)撎鞖?Talkingaboutweather)語言交際困難(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)提醒注意(Reminding)警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)勸告(Advice)建議(Suggestions)態(tài)度(Attitudes)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)喜歡和不喜歡(Likesanddislikes)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)能夠和不能夠(Abilityandinability)偏愛和優(yōu)先選擇(Preference)意愿和打算(Intentionsandplans)希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)表揚(yáng)和鼓勵(Praiseandencouragement)責(zé)備和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)冷淡(Indifference)判斷與評價(Judgementandevaluation)情感(Emotions)高興(Happiness)驚奇(Surprise)憂慮(Worries)安慰(Reassurance)滿意(Satisfaction)遺憾(Regret)同情(Sympathy)恐懼(Fear)憤怒(Anger)時間(Time)(44)時段(Duration)頻度(Frequency)時序(Sequence)空間(Space)位置(Position)方向(Direction)距離(Distance)存在(Existence)存在與不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)特征(Features)形狀(Shape)顏色(Colour)材料(Material)價格(Price)規(guī)格(Size)年齡(Age)計量(Measurement)長度(Length)寬度(Width)高度(Height)數(shù)量(Number)9.同級比較(Equalcomparison)(63)相似和差別(Similarityanddifference)邏輯關(guān)系(Logicalrelations)原因和結(jié)果(Causeandeffect)目的(Purpose)職業(yè)(Occupations)工作(Jobs)單位(Employer)附錄4話題項目表個人情況(Personalinformation)家庭、朋友與周圍的人(Family,friendsandpeoplearound)周圍的環(huán)境(Personalenvironments)日?；顒?Dailyroutines)學(xué)校生活(Schoollife)興趣與愛好(Interestsandhobbies)個人感情(Emotions)人際關(guān)系(Interpersonalrelationships)計劃與愿望(Plansandintentions)節(jié)假日活動(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)購物(Shopping)飲食(Foodanddrink)健康(Health)天氣(Weather)文娛與體育(Entertainmentandsports)旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)語言學(xué)習(xí)(Languagelearning)自然(Nature)世界與環(huán)境(Theworldandtheenvironment)科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)(Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)熱點話題(Topicalissues)歷史與地理(Historyandgeography)社會(Society)文學(xué)與藝術(shù)(Literatureandart)附錄5詞匯表Aa(an)artabandonvabilitynableaabnormalaaboardprepabolishvabortionnaboutad&prepaboveprep,a&adabroadadabruptaabsencenabsentaabsoluteaabsorbvabstracta&nabsurdaabundantaabusevacademica&nacademynacceleratevaccentnacceptvaccessn&vaccessibleaaccidentnaccommodationnaccompanyvaccomplishvaccountnaccountantnaccumulatevaccuracynaccurateaaccusevaccustomedaachev&nachievevachievementnacidaacknowledgevacquaintancenacquirevacquisitionnacrenacrossprepactn&vactionnactiveaactivitynactornactressnactualaacuteaADabbraffordaffordvad=advertisementnadaptadaptvadaptationnaddvaddictedaadditionnaddressnadequateaadjustvadjustmentnadministrationnadmirableaadmirevadmissionnadmitvadolescencenadolescenta&nadoptvadorevadultnadvancev&nadvantagenadventurenadvertisevadvertisementnadvicenadvisevadvocatevaffairnaffectvaffectionnafraidaAfricanAfricana&nafterad,prep&conjafternoonnafterward(s)adagainadagainstprepagenagencynagendanagentnaggressiveaagoadagreevagreementnagriculturalaagriculturenaheadadaidn&vAIDSnaimn&vairnaircraftnairlinenairmailnairplanenairportnairspacenalarmn&vamazingamazingaambassadornambassadressnambiguousaambitionnambulancenAmericanamongprepamountn&vampleaamusevamusementnanalysevanalysisnancestornanchorv&nancientaandconjanecdotenangernanglenangryaanimalnanklenanniversarynannouncevannoyvannualaanothera&pronanswern&vantnalbumnalcoholnalcoholica&nalgebranalikeadaliveaallad,a&pronallergicaalleynallocatevallowvallowancenalmostadaloneaalongad&prepalongsideadaloudadalphabetnalreadyadalsoadalternativeaalthoughconjaltitudenaltogetheradaluminium(Amaluminum)nalwaysadamv(be)a.m./am,A.M./AMabbramateuraamazevAntarcticAntarcticaantiquenanxietynanxiousaanypron&aanybodypronanyhowadanyonepronanythingpronanywayadanywhereadapartad&aapartmentnapologizevapologynapparentaappealv&nappearvappearancenappendixnappetitenapplaudv&napplenapplicantnapplicationnapplyvappointvappointmentnappreciatevappreciationnapproachn&vappropriateaapprovalnapprovevapproximatelyadapronnarbitraryaarchnarchitectnarchitecturenArcticaarev(be)areanarguevargumentnarise(arose,arisen)varithmeticnarmn&varmchairnarmynaroundad&preparrangevarrangementnarrestvarrivalnarrivevarrownartnarticlenartificialaartistnasad,conj&prep

ashnattendvashamedaattentionnAsianattitudenAsiana&nattractvasideadattractionnaskvattractiveaasleepaaudiencenaspectnauntnassessvauthenticaassessmentnauthornassistvauthoritynassistancenautomaticaassistantnautonomousaassociatevautumnnassociationnavailableaassumevavenuenassumptionnaveragea&nastonishvavoidvastronautnawake(awoke,awoken)v&aastronomernawardnastronomynawareaatprepawayadathletenawesomeaathleticaawfulaAtlanticaawkwardaatmospherenatomnBattachvbabynattackv&nbachelornattainvbackad,a&nattemptv&nbackgroundnbackward(s)adbaconnbacterium(plbacteria)nbad(worse,worst)abadmintonnbagnbaggagenbakerynbalancenbalconynballnballetnballoonnbamboonbann&vbanananbandnbandagenbanknbarnbarbecuenbarbernbarbershopnbareabargainn&vbarkv&nbarriernbasenbaseballnbasementnbasicabasinnbasisnbasketnbasketballnbatnbathnbathevbathroomnbathtubnbatterynbattlenbaynBCabbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)vbeachnbeannbeancurdnbear1nbear2vbeardnbeastnbeat(beat,beaten)v&nbeautifulabeautynbecauseconjbecome(became,become)vbednbeddingsnbedroomnbeenbike=bicyclebike=bicyclenbillnbingonbiochemistrynbiographynbiologynbirdnbirthnbirthdaynbirthplacenbiscuitnbishopnbitnbite(bit,bitten)vbitterablacka&nblackboardnblamen&vblankn&ablanketnbleedvblessvblindablockn&vbloodnblousenblow(blew,blown)vbluen&aboardn&vboatnbodynbeefnbeernbeforeprep,ad&conjbegvbegin(began,begun)vbehalfnbehavevbehaviour(Ambehavior)nbehindprep&adbeingnbeliefnbelievevbellnbellynbelongvbelowprepbeltnbenchnbend(bent,bent)vbeneathprepbeneficialabenefitn&vbenta&nbesideprepbesidesprep&adbetrayvbetweenprepbeyondprepbicyclenbidv&nbiga

boilvbrainnbombn&vbraken&vbondn&vbranchnbonenbrandnbonusnbraveabookn&vbraverynboomn&vbreadnbootnbreak(broke,broken)v&nboothnbreakfastnbordernbreakthroughnboredabreastnboringabreathnbornabreathevborrowvbreathlessabossnbrewerynbotanicalabricknbotanynbridenbotha&pronbridegroomnbothervbridgenbottlenbriefabottomnbrightabouncevbrilliantaboundabring(brought,brought)vboundarynbroadabowv&nbroadcast(broadcast,bowlnbroadcast或-ed,-ed)vbowlingnbrochurenboxnbrokenaboxingnbroomnboynbrothernboycottvbrownn&aCcabCcabncabbagencafencafeteriancagencakencalculatevcalln&vcalma&vcamelncamerancampn&vcampaignncan1(could);can't=cannotmodalvcan2ncanalncancelvcancerncandidatencandlencandyncanteenncapncapitalncapsulencaptainncaptionncarnbrunchnbrushv&nBuddhismnbudgetnbuffetnbuild(built,built)vbuildingnbunchnbungalownburdennbureaucraticaburglarnburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v&nburstvburyvbusnbushnbusinessnbusinessman/woman(plbusinessmen/women)nbusyabutconj&prepbutchern&vbutternbutterflynbuttonn&vbuy(bought,bought)vbyprepbyeintcarbonncardncaren&vcarefulacarelessacarpenterncarpetncarriagencarrierncarrotncarryvcartoonncarvevcasencashn&vcassettencast(cast,cast)vcastlencasualacatncataloguencatastrophencatch(caught,caught)vcategoryncatervCatholicacattlencausen&vcautionncautiousacavenceilingncelebratevcelebrationncellncentralacentre(Amcenter)ncenturynceremonyncertainacertificatenchainnchairnchairman/woman(plchairmen/women)nchalknchallengenchallengingachampionnchancenchangen&vchangeableachannelnchantv&nchaosnchapterncharacterncharacteristica&nCD=compactdisknchargev&nChristmasnchartnchurchnchatn&vcigarncheapacigarettencheatn&vcinemancheckn&vcirclen&vcheekncircuitncheern&vcirculatevcheerfulacircumstancencheersintcircusncheesencitizennchefncitynchemicala&ncivilachemistnciviliannchemistryncivilizationncheque(Amcheck)nclapvchessnclarifyvchestnclassnchewvclassicachickennclassifyvchiefa&nclassmatenchild(plchildren)nclassroomnchildhoodnclawnchocolatenclaynchoicencleanv&achoirncleanernchoken&vclearachoose(chose,chosen)vclerknchopsticksncleverachorusnclickvChristiannclimatenclimbvclinicnclocknclonevclosea&adclothnclothesnclothingncloudncloudyaclubnclumsyacoachncoalncoastncoatncocoancoffeencoinncoincidencencokencolda&ncollarncolleaguencollectvcollectionncollegencollisionncolour(Amcolor)n&vcombn&vcombinevcome(came,come)vcomedyncomfortncomfortableacommandn&vcommentncommercialacommitvcommitmentncommitteencommonacommunicatevcommunicationncommunismncommunistn&acompanionncompanyncomparevcompassncompensatevcompetevcompetencencompetitionncompletea&vcomplexa&ncomponentncompositionncomprehensionncompromisevcompulsoryacomputernconcentratevconstantaconceptnconstitutionnconcernv&nconstructvconcertnconstructionnconcludevconsultvconclusionnconsultantnconcreteaconsumevcondemnvcontainvconditionncontainernconductvcontemporaryaconductorncontent1nconferencencontent2aconfidentacontinentnconfidentialacontinuevconfirmvcontradictvconflictncontradictoryaconfusevcontraryn&acongratulatevcontributevcongratulationncontributionnconnectvcontrolv&nconnectionncontroversialaconsciencenconveniencenconsensusnconvenientaconsequencenconventionalaconservationnconversationnconservativeaconveyvconsidervconvincevconsiderateacookn&vconsiderationncookernconsistvcookienconsistentacoolacopycopyn&vcornncornerncorporationncorrectv&acorrectionncorrespondvcorrupta&vcostn&vcosy(Amcozy)acottagencottonn&acoughn&vcouldmodalvcountvcounterncountryncountrysidencouplencouragencoursencourtncourtyardncousinncovern&vcowncrashv&ncrayonncrazyacreamncreatevcreaturencreditncrewncrimencriminalncriterion(plcriteria)ncropncrossn&vcrossingncrossroadsncrowdn&vcruelacryn&vcubencubicacuisinenculturencupncupboardncuren&vcuriousacurrencyncurriculumncurtainncushionncustomncustomerncustomsncut(cut,cut)v&ncyclevcyclistnDdad=daddyDdad=daddyndailya,ad&ndamndamagen&vdampa&ndancen&vdangerndangerousadarev&modalvdarka&ndarknessndashv&ndatandatabasendaten&vdaughterndawnndayndeadadeadlinendeafadealndearadeathndebaten&vdebtndecadendecidevdecisionndeclarevdeclinevdecoratevdecorationndecreasevdeedndeepa&addeerndefeatvdefence(Amdefense)ndefendvdegreendelayn&vdeletev&ndeliberatelyaddelicateadeliciousadelightndelightedadelivervdemandvdentistndepartment(Dept.)ndeparturendependvdepositv&ndepthndescribevdescriptionndesertv&ndeservevdilemmadilemmandimensionndinnerndinosaurndioxidendipvdiplomandirecta&vdirectionndirectorndirectoryndirtyadisabilityndisabledadisadvantagendisagreevdisagreementndisappearvdisappointvdisappointedadisasterndiscountndiscouragevdiscovervdiscoveryndiscriminationndiscussvdiscussionndiseasendisgustingadishndesignv&ndesirev&ndeskndesperateadessertndestinationndestroyvdetectivendeterminevdevelopvdevelopmentndevotevdevotionndiagramndialvdialogue(Amdialog)ndiamondndiaryndictationndictionaryndievdietndiffervdifferencendifferentadifficultadifficultyndig(dug,dug)vdigestvdigitaladignityndisk=discndislikevdismissvdistancendistantadistinctionndistinguishvdistributevdistrictndisturbvdisturbingadivevdiverseadividevdivisionndivorcevdizzyado(did,done)vdoctorndocumentndogndollndollarndonatevdoorndormitory(dorm)ndotndoublea&ndoubtn&vdownprep&addownloadn&vdownstairsaddowntownad,n&adozennDr=doctorndraftn&vdragvdraw(drew,drawn)vdrawbackndrawerndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed)n&vdressn&vdrilln&vdrink(drank,drunk)vdrive(drove,driven)vdriverndropn&vdrugndrumndrunkadryv&aduckndueadulladumplingnduringprepduskndustndustbinndustyadutynelectelectvDVD=digitalversatilediskndynamicadynastynEeacha&proneageraeaglenearnearlya&adearnvearthnearthquakeneasta,ad&nEasterneasternaeasyaeat(ate,eaten)vecologynedgeneditionneditorneducateveducationneducatorneffectneffortneggneggplantneithera,conj&adeldernelectricaelectricalaelectricitynelectronicaelegantaelephantnelseade-mailn&vembarrassvembassynemergencynemperornemployvemptyaencouragevencouragementnendn&vendingnendlessaenemynenergeticaenergynenginenengineernenjoyvenjoyableaenlargevenoughpron,a&adenquirynenterventerpriseenterprisenentertainmentnenthusiasticaentireaentrancenentrynenvelopenenvironmentnenvyv&nequala&vequalitynequipvequipmentnerasernerrorneruptvescapen&vespeciallyadessaynEuropenEuropeana&nevaluatevevenadeveningneventneventuallyadeveradeveryaeverybodyproneverydayaeveryoneproneverythingproneverywhereadevidencenevidentaevolutionnexactaexam=examinationnexaminevexamplenexcellentaexceptprepexchangen&vexcitevexcusen&vexercisen&vexhibitionnexistvexistencenexitnexpandvexpectvexpectationnexpensenexpensiveaexperiencenexperimentnexpertnexplainvexplanationnexplicitaexplodevexploreexplorevexportn&vexposevexpressv&nexpressionnextensionnextraaextraordinaryaextremeaeyeneyesightnFfacen&vfacialafactnfactorynfadevfailv&nfailurenfair1afair2nfaithnfall1(fell,fallen)vfall2(Am)=autumnnfalseafamiliarafamilynfamousafannfancyn,v&afantasticafantasynfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest)a&adfarenfarmnfarmernfasta&adfastenvfatn&afathernfaultnfavour(Amfavor)nfavourite(Amfavorite)a&nfaxn&vfearnfeastnfeathernfederalafeenfeed(fed,fed)vfeel(felt,felt)vfeelingnfellownfemalea&nfencenferrynfestivaln&afetchvfevernfewpron&afibre(Amfiber)nfictionnfieldnfierceafight(fought,fought)n&vfiguren&vfilenfillvfilmn&vfinalafinancenfind(found,found)vfine1afine2vfingernfingernailnfinishv&nfiren&vfireworksnfirm1nfirm2afishn&vfishermannfistnfita&vfixvflagnflamenflashnflashlightnflat1aflat2nflee(fled,fled)vfleshnflexibleaflightnfloatvfloodn&vfloornflournflowvflowernflunfluencynfluentafly1(flew,flown)vfly2nfocusv&nfognfoggyafoldvfolkn&afollowvfondafoodnfooln&vfoolishafoot(plfeet)nfootballnforprep&conjforbid(forbade,forbidden)vforcevfrequentfrequentafreshafrictionnfridge=refrigeratorfriendnfriendlyafriendshipnfrightenvfrognfromprepfronta&nfrontiernfrostnfruitnfryvfuelnfullafunn&afunctionn&vfundamentalafuneralnfunnyafurnfurnishedafurniturenfuturenGgainvgalleryngallonnforecastn&vforeheadnforeignaforeignernforesee(foresaw,foreseen)vforestnforeveradforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)vforgetfulaforgive(forgave,forgiven)vforknformn&vformatnformerafortnightnfortunateafortunenforwardadfostervfoundvfountainnfoxnfragileafragrantaframeworknfrancnfreeafreedomnfreewaynfreeze(froze,frozen)vfreezingagamegamengaragengarbagengardenngarlicngarmentngasngatengathervgayagenerala&ngenerationngenerousagentleagentlemanngeographyngeometryngesturenget(got,got)vgiftngiftedagiraffengirlngive(gave,given)vgladaglancevglarevglassnglobenglorynglovengluengo(went,gone)vgoalngoatngodngoldn&agoldenagolfngood(better,best)agoodsngoose(plgeese)ngovernvgovernmentngradengradualagraduatevgraduationngrainngramngrammarngrandagrandchildngranddaughterngrandma=grandmotherngrandpa=grandfatherngrandparentsngrandsonngrannyngrapengraphngraspvgrassgrassngratefulagravityngreata&adgreedyagreena&ngreengrocerngreetvgreetingngrey(Amgray)agrillngrocerngroceryngroundngroupngrow(grew,grown)vgrowthnguaranteevguardnguessvguestnguidancenguidenguiltyaguitarngunngym=gymnasiumngymnasticsnHhabitnhairnhaircutnhalfa&nhallnhamnhamburgernhammernhandn&vhandbagnhandfulnhandkerchiefnhandlen&vhandsomeahandwritingnhandyahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed)vhappenvhappinessnhappyaharbour(Amharbor)nhardad&ahardlyadhardshipnhardworkingaharmn&vharmfulaharmonynharvestn&vhatnhatchvhatev&nhave(has,had,had)have(has,had,had)vhepronheadn&vheadachenheadlinenheadmasternheadmistressnhealthnhealthyahear(heard,heard)vhearingnheartnheatnheavennheavyaheelnheightnhelicopternhellointhelmetnhelpn&vhelpfulahennherpronherbnhereadheronherspronherselfpronhesitatevhiinthide(hid,hidden)vhigha&adhighwaynhillnhimpronhimselfpronhirevhispronhistorynhit(hit,hit)v&nhobbynhold(held,held)vholenholidaynholyahomen&adhomelandnhometownnhomeworknhonestahoneynhonour(Amhonor)n&vhookn&vhopen&vhopefulahopelessahorribleahorsenhospitalnhostn&vhostessnidentityidentitynidentificationnidiomnifconjignorevillaillegalaillnessnimaginevimmediatelyadimmigrationnimportv&nimportancenimportantaimpossibleaimpressvimpressionnimprovevinprep&adinchnincidentnincludevincomenincreasev&nindeedaindependencenindependentaindicatevindustryninfluencen&vinformvhotahotdognhotelnhournhousenhousewifenhouseworknhowadhoweverad&conjhowlvhugvh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