法律寫作(外資所、涉外法律業(yè)務(wù)必備)The Official Memorandum (2)-知識分享

法律寫作(外資所、涉外法律業(yè)務(wù)必備)TheOfficialMemorandum(2)_BibliographycontinuedKelly,Nn.d.,

HangingOutatGlenrowan.BushwhackersPress,Melbourne.

(Workwithnopublicationdate)Leech,O.(1993),'Callforresearchshake-up‘.

Australian,

11August,p.13.

(Newspaperarticle)Writingaprosesummary(Precis)Aprosesummaryisacondensed,paraphrasedversionoftheoriginalmaterialwhichcanbeveryusefultoyouforinclusioninessaysandreports.Asummaryshouldcontainonlytheinformationthathasbeenpresentedintheoriginalpassage.Therefore,

donot:includeyourownopinionsuseyourownexamplesgiveadditionalinformationalterthebalanceofanyargumentpresentedSometipsforwritingasummaryWriteincontinuousprose,withalogicalconnectionofideas.Wordssuchasbut,however,nevertheless,because,therefore,andalthoughareusefultoestablishasmoothflowofideas.However,youmustusethemwithcareandaccuracysothatyoudonotdistorttheoriginalmeaning.

Usereportedorindirectspeechandthethirdperson.Forexample:Thechiefinspectorsaid,'Ihaveneverseensuchahorriblecrimeinallmyyearsasapoliceofficer.'(Directspeech.)

Thechiefinspectorclaimednevertohavewitnessedsuchahorriblecrimethroughouthisentirecareerasapoliceofficer.(Indirectspeech,paraphrased)

Whenusingindirectspeech,usethepasttense(asabove).

WriteinformalEnglish.

Useyourownwords(paraphrase)asfaraspossible.

Leaveoutexamples,illustrations,etc.activityActivity

Writeasummaryofthetable:Theriseoftheonepersonhousehold.Howtowriteasummaryoftheinformationfromatable

Mentiontheimportantpointsraisedorquestionsasked.Mentionthe'sample'(iethepeoplewhowereinterviewed)ifimportantConcentrateonthemainfindingsofthesurvey:donottrytoreportoneveryaspect,especiallyifitishighlycomplexTrytogeneralisethefindings(iefactsandfigures)Usereported(orindirect)ratherthandirectspeech.Exercise:Writingasummaryfromatable.

SampleAnswerNinemajorEuropeancountriesarerepresentedinthegraph,whichdepictstheriseofonepersonhouseholdsbetween1981and1991.Thegraphshowsthatwhilethepercentageofsuchhouseholdsvariesconsiderably,allcountries,exceptperhapsSpain,experiencedanincreaseinthetenyearsbetween1981and1991.

Sweden(at40%)showedthehighestpercentageofone-personhouseholds,whileGermany(at35%)andDenmark(at34%)werealsohigh.Fivecountriesbetween29%and21%,withSpainshowingthelowestpercentageatonly10%.

Overtheten-yearperiod,theNetherlandshadthebiggestincrease(13%),closelyfollowedbySweden(11%).Irelandonlyshoweda4%increase,thethreecountries-Denmark,FranceandtheU.K.-showeda3%increase.ThelowestincreasewasinAustria(1%).

AsnofigureswereavailableforSpainin1981,itcannotbeseenwhetherthenumberofonepersonhouseholds(10%)infactrepresentsariseoverthe10-yearperiod.

163words.Memopurpose

Usuallyyouwritememostoinformreadersofspecificinformation.Youmightalsowriteamemotopersuadeotherstotakeaction,givefeedbackonanissue,orreacttoasituation.However,mostmemoscommunicatebasicinformation,suchasmeetingtimesorduedatesBeforewritingamemo,outlinewhatyourpurposeisfordoingso,anddecideifthememoisthebestcommunicationchannel.GeneralFormat

memoWhenyouwriteamemo,youwillfollowageneralformat.Yourinstructororcompanymayhavespecificrequirementsthatyoumustuse.Forinstance,acompanymighthaveaparticularwayofpresentingaheadingormayevenuseaspecifictypeofletterheadorlogo.However,usuallyamemohasa"to,""from,""subject,"and"date"entry.Message

Thisiswhyitisimportantthatthefirstsentenceofthememoshouldanswerthatquestionwithapurposestatement.Thebestpurposestatementsareconciseanddirect.Yourmemo'smessageshouldalsoprovideacontextforreaders.Inotherwords,alwaystellyourreaderswhyyouarewriting.Considerthefollowingquestions:Isyourmemoaresultofasituation?Forinstance,"Asaresultofyesterday'smeeting..."Isyourmemoareminder?Forexample,"TheProposalisdueJuly2."Heading

Amemo'sheadingprovidesinformationaboutwhowillreceivethememo,whoissendingthememo,thedate,andthememo'ssubject.Thisinformationmaybeboldedorhighlightedinsomeway.Forexample:TO:FROM:DATE:SUBJECT:Cont..Listsrepresentaneffectivewaytopresentinformation.Notonlydotheybreakdownlargeamountsoftext,buttheyalsoprovidetextinawaythatisvisuallypleasing.Listsareespeciallyusefulforconveyingsteps,phases,years,procedures,ordecisions.Byavoidingfullsentencesinalist,yourinformationisconciseandmorelikelytoengageyourreaders.Forexample:"Toreceiveadegreeinengineering,youmustcompletethefollowing:"CoreCoursesElectiveCoursesSeniorDesignTone

Sinceyoutypicallysendmemostothoseworkingwithinyourcompany,youcanuseamoreinformaltonethanyouwouldifyouwere