2023年專四英語聽力聽寫后合集聽力原文

9AlｂｅrtEinｓtｅinAｌｂertＥinsteinwａｓbｏrｎｉnＧermａnyin１８79,Ｈｉｓｆatｈerowｎeｄaｆaｃｔｏrythatｍadeelectｒｉcaldevices.Hiｓmoｔherenjoｙｅdｍusiｃａｎdbookｓ.HｉsparentswereＪeｗisｈbｕtｔhｅyｄidnｏtoｂservemａｎyｏfthereligion’sruｌes.Albeｒｔwａsａqｕitecｈildwｈoｓpｅntmucｈｏfhistimeａlｏne.Heｗasslｏｗtotａlｋandhaddifficulｔylｅaｒningtoｒead．WhenAlbeｒtｗaｓfiｖeｙeａrsoｌd,ｈｉsfathergavｅｈimacoｍpasｓ.Thｅchildwasｆilｌｅdwｉｔhwondeｒwhenhedｉscoveｒｅdthatthecompasｓｎeedleaｌwａyｓpｏintedinthesamｅdirectioｎ—tｏｂenorｔh.Ｈｅaskｅｄｈｉｓfatherandhｉsunclewhaｔcaｕsｅdtheｎeeｄletoｍｏvｅ.Theiranswersaｂouｔｍagｎeｔisｍａndｇravitｙwerｅｄiｆｆicuｌtｆorthｅboytouｎｄerstaｎd.Yetheｓpeｎtａlｏｔofｔｉｍethinkingａbｏutthem.Hｅｓaｉdｌateｒｔｈａt(yī)hefeltsomeｔhｉngｈｉddenhａdtoｂebehｉndthings.Ｕsefuｌexpｒessionsａｎdworｄｓ1.deviｃe裝置，設(shè)備leａｖｅtoｏne’soｗndeviceｓ聽任某人自行其是,允許某人按自己的意愿做事Shelefｔthecｈildtoheｒｏwnｄｅｖiｃesｆｏrａｎhourinｔheaftｅrnooｎ.她允許孩子在下午有一個(gè)小時(shí)的自由支配時(shí)間。2.ｃoｍpasｓ指南針ｂeyondone’scoｍpass某人力所不及catch/ｆetch/ｔaｋeacｏmpass兜圈子，繞道，拐彎抹角kｅe(cuò)pｓtｈｗithｉncｏmpａｓs把某種事物限制在適當(dāng)?shù)姆秶鷥?nèi)speakwｉｔｈinｃompass謹(jǐn)慎小心地說wｉthiｎsb’ｓcompass某人力所能及的ｗithinthecompａssof在……范圍內(nèi)3．maｇnetｉsm磁力1０PrivaｔeCaｒsＷiｔhtheincreaseintｈegeneralsｔandａｒｄofliving，soｍeorｄｉｎarｙChｉｎｅsｅｆaｍｉliesｂegiｎtoaffｏrdacaｒ.Yｅｔoｐinionsofthedeｖｅｌoｐmｅｎｔofaprivａt(yī)ecaｒvaｒｙfrompersontoｐｅｒsoｎ.Itgｉvesamｕchｇrｅaterdegrｅe(cuò)oｆcｏmｆortanｄmobility.Theoｗnerofａcarisnolongerｆorｃｅｄtoreplyｏnｐuｂlictranspｏrt，anｄｈｅncｅnｏirｒitaｔｉｏncausedbywaitingfｏrbusｅsorｔaxiｓ.Hｏwｅvｅｒ,otheｒsstｒｏnglyobjecttｏｄeveｌopiｎｇprivatecars.Ｔheｙmａiｎtaiｎthatasmoreandmoｒecａrsareprodｕｃedanｄruninthｅsｔｒeet,aｌａrgｅvolumeofpｏｉｓｏnousgasｗilｌbegivｅnoff,poｌlｕｔiｎｇthｅatmoｓpheｒeandcaｕsｉnｇactualhaｒmｔoｔhehealtｈｏfpeople．WｈetherprｉｖatｅcarsshouldｂeｄｅvelopediｎChicagoｉsａｄifｆｉｃulｔqueｓtｉontｏaｎsｗer，yetｔheｄｅｓirefｏrthecomfｏｒｔandindｅｐendeｎceapriｖａt(yī)ｅcarcanｂringwillｎｏtbｅe(cuò)limiｎatｅd１１ＡHｅnpeckedHusbandandHｉsWｉfeTｈerｅwaｓonｃeａlａrge,faｔwomａnwhohadaｓｍaｌｌ,ｔhinｈｕsｂａnd.HeｈａdajobiｎａbigcompanyandwasgｉvenｈisweｅklyｗageseｖｅryFridａyeｖeｎing.AssoonaｓｈegothoｍｅonFridａys，hiｓwiｆeuｓedtomakｅhimgｉｖｅherａllhismoney,andthensheuｓedtogivehimbａckonｌｙｅnoｕghtoｂuyhiｓlunchiｎhiｓcompanyeverydａy.Onedaｙ，tｈeｓmalｌmａncameｈoｍeveryexcited.Hehurriedintotｈeliviｎg-room.Ｈisｗifｅwaslistenｉｎgtotheｒadiｏandeａt(yī)ingchoｃoｌatesthere．“Youwillnｅｖergｕesｓｗhatｈappenedtometodａy,dｅａr.”hｅｓaid.Hewａiｔｅdfｏｒaｆewsecoｎｄsandtｈeｎaddｅd,“Iwｏntentｈouｓａnddoｌlarsonthelotteｒy!”“Thaｔiswondeｒｆｕl!”saidhiswiｆedeliｇｈtedly.Buｔｔhensｈepulｌedaloｎｇｆaｃeandadｄｅdａｎgrｉly,“Ｂｕtｈowcｏuldyｏuaｆfordtobuythetｉｃkｅt?”UsｅfｕlWoｒdsandExｐreｓsｉons:1．henpecked怕老婆的，妻管嚴(yán)的２.lottｅry彩票agreatlottery虛無縹緲的事３．ｐuｌlaloｎgｆａce拉下臉來haｖｅafaｃetｏsａythaｔ臉皮厚得竟能講出這種話１２AＹoｕngＭａn’sPrｏｍiseOneday,ayoungmanｗａsｗritｉnｇalettｅrtｏhｉｓgirｌfｒiendｗhｏlivｅdjustafewmilｅsawayｉｎanearbytowｎ.Heｗastellｉngherhoｗmuｃhｈeloｖedherandhｏwｗonderfulhethoughｔshewas．Thｅmorehewｒotetｈeｍorｅpoetｉchebｅcame.Fｉnalｌyhｅsaｉdtｈaｔiｎordertｏbewithher,ｈewouｌｄsｕffｅrthegreatesｔdifficｕlｔies,hewｏuldfａcetｈegｒeatｅｓtdangersthatanｙｏnｅcoｕldn’ｔimａgine.Inｆact,tospendonlyonemiｎuteｗithher，hewoｕｌdｓwimaｃrossthewidestrｉver,hewouｌdenteｒtheｄeeｐestforest,andhewouldfiｇhtagａiｎstthｅｆｉｅｒcestanｉmaｌsｗithhisｂarehands.Hｅfｉnisｈedtｈeｌetteｒ，sｉgnedｈiｓnaｍeaｎｄｔｈenｓuddenlｙｒeｍeｍberedthaｔhehadforgoｔｔenｔomｅｎtiｏｎsometｈiｎｇquiteｉmpｏrtａnt.So,iｎapｏstsｃripｔbelowｈiｓname，ｈeaｄded:“Bytheway,I’llｂeoｖeｒtｏseｅyｏuonWednesdayniｇhｔ,ｉfｉtdoｅsn’train.”13ＡＫindNeｉgｈbｏrMr.ａnｄMｒs．Jｏnes’aｐaｒtmeｎtwａsｆｕllｏｆluｇgagｅ,ｐackaｇes,ｆuｒniｔureaｎdboxｅs.Bothofthemｗeｒeverybusywhentheyheaｒdthedoｏｒｂellｒｉng.Mrｓ.Jｏneswｅnttoopeｎitaｎdsｈｅsaｗaｍiｄdle-agedladｙｏｕtside．Ｔheladｙsaiｄｓheｌivｅｄnextdooｒ.Mrs.Jｏnｅsinvitedherｔｏcomeｉnaｎdapｏlogizeｄｂecausｅtｈerewasnoplａceｆｏrｈertｏsｉt．“Oｈ,thaｔ’sOＫ.”saidtｈelady．“Ｉjustcoｍｅtoｗelcｏｍetoyoｕrnewhome.Asyｏｕknow，insomepartsofthｉsciｔy,nｅighｂｏrsarｅnｏｔｆriendlyaｔalｌ.Tｈeyarｅsomeａpａrtmenthoｕｓeswｈerepｅopledoｎ’ｔkｎowanyofｔheirneigｈbors,nｏｔeventheonesneｘtdｏor.Bｕｔintｈisbｕilｄing,everyoｎｅisverｙfrｉendlｙｗitｈｅveryonｅe(cuò)lse.Wｅareaｂigｈappyfaｍily.Iａmｓureyouwiｌｌｂｅvｅrｙhappyheｒe.”Mｒ.aｎｄMrs.Ｊonessaｉd,“Buｔmaｄam,wearenoｔneｗｄwellｅrsiｎtｈｉsaparｔment.Wｅ’veliｖedherefortwoyeａrs.Ｗeaｒｅmovinｇoｕtｔoｍoｒrow.”14ThatIsn’tOurFaultMr.aｎｄMｒs．Wilｌiａmsｇotmarrｉedｗhｅｎhewａsｔwenｔy-three,andsｈｅwａｓtweｎty.Tｗenty－fｉvｅｙearｓlater,ｔheｙｈａdａｂigｐarty,andapｈotoｇrapherｃamｅandtooksomeｐhｏtographsｏfｔｈem．ＴhｅnthepｈotｏgrａｐｈergaveMrs.Ｗilliaｍｓacaｒｄａndsaid,“They’llbｅreadynextＷednｅsdａy.Youcａngｅtthemfrｏｍstudiｏ．”“No,”Mｒs.Wｉlliaｍｓsaｉd,“pｌeasesenｄthemtous.”Thephotoｇｒaphｓarrｉvedaweeklaｔer,butＭrs.Willｉamswａｓｎothappｙwhenshesawthem．Sｈegotｉntｏhercａrａｎｄdrovｅｔｏthｅphotogｒaphｅｒ’ｓstudｉo.Sｈeｗｅntｉnsiｄeandsaiｄaｎgrｉly,“Youｔoｏksomephotogｒaphｓofｍｅaｎdｍｙhｕsbandlａｓtweek,ｂutI’mnotgｏingtoｐaｙfｏrｔhem.”“Oｈ，whynot？”thephotographerａsｋed．“Becauseｍyhusｂａｎdlooｋslｉkeamonｋey,”Mrｓ．Wｉｌliamssaｉd．“Wｅｌl，”tｈeｐｈｏｔogrａpheraｎｓｗｅred，“ｔhatisn’ｔｏuｒfault.Wｈyｄｉdn’tyｏuｔhiｎｋｏfthａｔbｅfoｒeyoｕｍarｒiedｈim？”1５A(chǔ)Guide＇sAnｓｗｅrIn1861,ｔheＣiｖiｌWarstａrtedinｔheUniｔｅdＳtaｔｅsbetweenthｅNｏrtｈernaｎdthｅSouthｅrnstates.Thewaｒcoｎtinueｄｗithgreatbitｔernesｓuｎｔiｌ186５,wheｎｔheNｏrｔhｅｒnerｓｗereｖictｏｒious.Ｈowｅveｒ,evenｔoday，manySｏｕtｈｅrnershaｖenotforgoｔtｅntheiｒdefｅａt(yī),orfoｒｇｉventheＮｏrｔｈerｎers.Ａfｅwyearsago,apaｒtyｏfAmericantouｒiｓtswereｇｏingｒoundoneofthｅbattｌｅｆｉeｌdsofｔhｅCivilWarｗithａguidewhｏcamefｒoｍoneoftheSouthｅrnsｔates.Aｔeaｃhplace,tｈeｇuideｔｏlｄthｅtｏｕｒｉsｔsstiｒriｎｇｓtoｒiesａｂoｕｔｈowafewSｏｕthｅrnsoldｉershadconquｅrｅｄｐowｅｒfulｆorcesofNoｒthernersthｅｒe.Atlast,oｎeofthetｏuｒｉsts,alａdywhocameｆrｏｍｔｈeNoｒth,stoppｅdtheguiｄeaｎdsａidtohiｍ，“BｕｔｓuｒelyｔhatｔheNortherｎａｒｍｙmusｔhavewoｎaｔleasｔoneｖictorｙintｈｅＣivｉｌWar?”“NotaslongａｓI’mtｈegｕidehere,ｍadaｍ,”aｎsｗｅrｅdtｈeSｏｕtherｎguｉde16AQualiｆiedＰilotThecａptainofaｓmalｌsｈiphadtogoaｌoｎgarockycｏasｔ,buｔｈewasunｆａｍilｉarwiｔhｉt,sohｅｔrｉedtｏｆiｎdaｑualiｆieｄpｉloｔtｏguidｅhim.Ｈeｗenｔashoreｉnoｎeofthesmallｐorｔs,ａｎdａｌocalfishermａｎpreｔendedthatｈｅwaｓaｐｉｌotbeｃausｅheneededｓoｍemoneｙ.Ｔhecapｔａintookｈiｍonboａrdandaｓkedhimwheretｏstｅｅrtheｓhiｐ.Afterhaｌfanｈoｕr,thecａpｔａinbｅgａｎtosｕspｅctｔhａｔthefｉｓhermaｎｄidnｏtrｅallyknowwhatｈewasdｏinganｄwｈｅrehewａsgoiｎｇ．“Aｒeyouｓuｒeyoｕaｒeaｑualifiedｐiloｔ?”ｈeａskeｄ．“Oｈ,yeｓ,”ａnsｗereｄtheｆishｅrmaｎ.“Iknowevｅryroｃｋontｈisｐartofｔhecｏast.”Sudｄenlythｅrewaｓaｔerriblecrａｓhfromundertｈeshｉｐ.Atoncethｅfisｈerｍanadｄed,“Ａndthat’ｓoｎeofthem.”17LivinｇThｉngsReaｃtYouaｎdａlｌorganismsliveanenvirｏnment.Ａnｅnvironmeｎtismadeupofevｅryｔhingtｈａt(yī)sｕrrouｎdsaｎｏrganisｍ．Ｉtcaninｃludeｔhｅair,ｔhewａt(yī)er,tｈeｓoil,ａnｄevenotheroｒｇanisms．Ａnorgａnｉsｍｒesponｄsｔoｃｈangesinｉtsenviｒoｎｍｅnt.Ｗｈｅnaｎｏｒganismreｓpondstoachａnge,itreactsｉncertａinways.Alｌlivｉngtｈiｎgsrespondｉnsｏmewａy.Haveyouevernotｉｃｅdhowplantsａnｄinｓeｃtｓrｅｓponｄtoｌight?Ｐl(wèi)antsbendtowardlighｔ.Insecｔsｆlytｏwａrdｌiｇht．Ｌiｖingthiｎｇｓalsoｒeｓpondinｏtherwaｙs．Tｈeleaｖesｏnsoｍetreesｒｅspｏndtoaｃｈangeinseａson．Inautumn,theycｈａngecｏlorsａndthｅnfａｌloｆfthebranchesAnｉmａlsaｌsｏrespondtoachangｅｉnseasoｎ.Squirrelssavｅnuｔsforｔｈewｉｎｔeｒ.Beａrssleepthroｕghthewinｔｅriｎacave.Ｙoureｓpondｔoyｏｕreｎvｉｒoｎｍｅntinmaｎｙｗays,toｏ.Youｍａysｈiveｒiｆyouarecolｄ.Ｗhatotherwaysdｏyourｅspondtochangｅsinｙourenvirｏnmｅnt?18FloｗeｒｉnｇPlantsWhatarｅthepａｒtsoｆaflｏwer?Fｌowerｓｃaｎhａvemaleparｔｓａndfemalepartｓ.Thefemalepaｒｔsｍakｅe(cuò)ｇｇｓthatbecomeｓeeds.Theｍaｌepaｒtｓmakepollｅｎ.Polｌenｉsapowｄerymateriａlｔｈatiｓneededbｙｔｈeeggstomａkeseedｓ．Tomakeseedｓ,polｌenaｎｄｅggsmuｓtcomｅtｏgｅｔher.Tｈewind,inｓects,ａｎdbiｒdsbrｉnｇpolｌenｔoeggs.Manyanｉｍalｓｌｏvefｌoｗers’ｂrｉghｔｃolｏrｓ.Theｙaｌsｏliｋeａsｕgarylｉquidinfｌoｗers．Tｈｉsiscaｌledneｃtar．Wｈiｌetheydｒinkｎecｔar,pollｅnrｕbsoffｏntheirbodiｅｓ.Ａstｈｅymoｖｅ，ｓomeofthｉsｐoｌlengetｓdelｉveredtotｈｅfｅmaleｆlowerpａｒｔs.Ｏvertimｅ，thefｅmalｅparｔstｕｒnintofruｉｔsthatｃontaｉｎsｅe(cuò)ds.Aｎimａlｓｏftｅneatthefrｕitｓandtｈeseedspaｓsthrouｇhtheirbodieｓaswaｓｔe.Theanimalsdonｏｋｎoｗtheyａｒewoｒkｉngfoｒthepｌantsｂｙplaｎtingｓeedｓａstheytraveｌtｏｄifｆerentｐlａces!UsｅｆulwordｓandＥxpreｓsions：1.ｆｌoｗerinｇ開花的2.ｐollｅn花粉3.powdery粉狀的4.sugar含糖的,甜的５.neｃtar花蜜,甘露6.rub磨擦19FindｉｎgthｅDiｒeｃtionandLocａt(yī)ionHowｃａｎyoutｅllwhｉcｈdirection?Byday,lｏokfｏｒtheSｕn.Ｉｔisinｔｈｅe(cuò)ａstｉnｔhemorｎingandthewestｉｎtｈeａfｔｅrnooｎ.Aｔｎight,usetheＢigDｉppeｒtｏhｅlｐyoufｉndｔｈeNorthStａr.Itwoulｄbeｂetterｔobringacｏmpasｓbecａuｓｅitsneeｄｌｅaｌwayspointsｎorｔh.Ｈowdoyouknｏwｈｏwfaryｏuｈaｖeｇｏne?Yｏｕcｏuldcouｎｔｅverystep.Ｅaｃｈｓtepｉsabouttwoｆeeｔ．Yｏu’dbetterｗeａrapedｏｍｅｔerwhicｈisatｏolthatｃountssｔeps.Ifyoｕknoｗｗhｅrｅｙｏｕstarｔed,ｗhichｄirectiｏnyｏuarehｅaｄing,ａndhowfaryouhａｖｅgｏnｅ,ｙoucaｎuｓeaｇoｏdmａptofｉｇｕｒeｏutｅxactlywｈerｅyouare.Todaｙthｅｒｅiｓaneｗwayfoｒtravelerstｏfigｕreoｕｔwｈeｒｅtｈeyａｒe.IｔistheGPS．Itｈas2４sａt(yī)ｅllｉｔeｓthatoｒbｉｔtheｅarthandconsｔaｎtlｙbｒｏａdcasttheirposiｔionｓ.SomedaｙyouｍaycarryａｓmａllrecｅiｖeraｓｙouhiｋeanduseGPStoｆindｏuｔｉfyｏｕaretｈｅrｅｙet!UseｆｕlWordsaｎｄＥxpressｉons:1.diｐpｅr北斗七星２.ｃｏmpaｓs羅盤3.ｐeｄoｍｅter步數(shù)計(jì)４.GPS=GlobalPositiｏnSystem全球定位系統(tǒng)５.ｏrbiｔ軌道,繞……軌道而行6.receｉvｅr接受器20WaｖｅｓＨowdoesｌightｇｅｔfroｍthesuntotheearth？Howdoｅｓmｕｓiｃgeｔfrｏｍtｈｅstagetoｔhｅaudienｃe?Ｔheymovetheｓameｗａy--－-－iｎwaves!Lighｔａnｄsouｎdaｒeｆoｒmsoｆｅnergｙ.Allwaｖｅｓcarryenergｙ,buttheymａycarryiｔdifｆｅrentlｙ.Lｉgｈtaｎｄsoｕnｄtravelthroughdifferenｔkiｎdsｏfmattｅr.Ｆorｅｘampｌe,lighｔwavescａnnoｔｍovｅthrouｇhwalｌs，bｕｔｓoundwａｖｅsｃan.Thａt(yī)iｓwhｙyoｕcanheａrpeopｌeｔalｋｉngｉnａnoｔｈeｒrｏｏmeveｎｔｈoｕghyoｕcaｎnotｓｅe(cuò)tｈem.Theenｅrgyｏfsomewavesisdｅsｔructiｖe.Aneaｒthｑuakｅproｄucｅsseismicwaves.Catcｈａｗａｖe.Aｓkafrieｎdtoｓtａndafｅwfeｅtawayｆｒomyoｕ.Sｔreｔｃhasprｉngｂetweeｎyou.Shaketｈeｓｐriｎｇtｏtrａnsｆｅreｎｅrgｙtoｉｔ.Whathappｅnｓ?Thespｒingbouncｅsupanddowninwaves.Ｗhenｔheｗavesｒeａchyourfriｅnd，tｈｅybounceｂacktoyou!Liｇｈtwavｅstravel3０0,０0０kilomｅters(1８6,000miｌes)pｅrsecｏnd!Tｈeycanalsoｔravｅlthｒｏugｈaｖacuum.Thatiｓwhｙlightfｒｏｍtｈesunandｄistantstarscantraｖelthroughspacetｏtheeaｒth!UsｅfulＷo(hù)rdsａndExｐｒesｓioｎｓ；1．deｓtructiｖe破壞的2.seiｓｍｉｃ地震的3.ｖacuum真空21SoilsTherearemanydiｆfｅｒenｔkindsofsoilｓ.Ｄifferenｔsoiｌｓhavedｉfferｅntｔｙｐｅsｏｆroｃｋaｎｄmineｒalｓiｎthem.Somｅsoｉlｓhａveｍoｒewａt(yī)ｅrinthemｔhanｏtｈeｒｓ．Soｍesoｉlｓmighｔhａvemｏreplａnｔaｎdanimalｍateriaｌinｔheｍ，too．Diｆfｅｒｅnｔkinｄsofｓoiｌｓarefｏundｉnｄiｆferenｔpartsｏfｔｈeworｌｄ．ＴhｅｒｅaｒeseveralkiｎdｓofsoilsｆounｄintｈｅUｎitedStates.Iｎｓomeａreas,ｔhesoiｌhasalotｏfcｌay．Othersoｉlsａreverysanｄｙ.Loaｍisakiｎｄoｆsoilthathaｓaｇooｄmixturｅoｆclayaｎｄｓａnｄ.Iｎsomeplacｅs，soiｌlayeｒｓaｒeｖerythicｋ.Lotsofplantsgrowｉnplaceswｉthatｈicksoｉllａyer.Iｎdryandwindｙplacesｓｏillａｙｅrｓaremuchthinner．Layeｒｓofsｏilｏnmｏｕntaｉnsarethinｂecausegｒavityｐｕllｓthｅsoildoｗｎｈiｌl.Thｅｔｙｐeofsoiｌinａｐａrｔicｕlarplaｃeａｆfectｓｗhatkｉndｓofｐlantscaｎgrowthｅｒe．1.ｃｌaｙ黏土,泥土２.loam肥土３.layer層4.gｒavity地心引力，重力5．doｗnhill往下2２CrisisＬifｅisａcontｅsｔ!Whｏwiｌｌwin?Ａｂluｅbirｄandｓpａｒrowbｏtｈｃomｐeｔｅforspaｃetobuｉldtｈｅiｒnests．Ａfasｔ-ｇrｏwingｍapｌetｒeeａnｄｓlower－ｇrowiｎgｄogwｏodcｏmpeteforthｅsｕnliｇhtｔheyboｔhneed.Ｏiｌcｏmpeteswithｃoaｌandnuclearpoｗerasａｎｅnergysourcｅfｏreleｃtricpoｗerplaｎtｓ!Thｅrｅisａｐroblｅm．Thｅreisalimiｔedamouｎtｏfsｐaceｆorbｉrds,suｎlightfoｒｔrees，ａndｅnｅrｇyfoｒpeopｌe!Ifwedｏnotcuｔbaｃkonoｕruｓeｓofｓoｍｅofｏurｒesｏｕrcｅs,sｏmeｄaytheywillbeｇone！Ｈｏwcａnwｅｕseｅｎergｙｔｏdayandknowｗewillhaｖeenｏｕgｈtogoarｏunｄintｈｅｆutuｒｅ?Wecanchoosｅalternａt(yī)e,orreｐlaceｍent,ｅneｒgyreｓources.Ｉttａkｅsｔheearｔhｍilｌioｎｓｏfyeaｒstocｒeatｅｃoal，oiｌ,aｎdgas．Ｔｈeyarenoｎrenewａblereｓouｒceｓ.Sｏlarenerｇy，wiｎdeｎergｙandｗaｔeｒeｎeｒgyarｅreneｗablｅresouｒcｅs.Ｉttaｋestｈeearｔhmilｌｉonsoｆyeaｒｓｔocreａt(yī)ｅcｏal,ｏil,aｎdｇas．Tｈeyarenonrenｅwaｂleresｏuｒcｅs．Solarenerｇy,wｉndeｎergyanｄｗaterenergyａrerenewable．Ｗhａt(yī)oｔheｒｗayscanｗｅconsｅrveoursｏurcｅｓ？Hoｗcａｎｗｅmakesurｅｔheｒeisalwａyseｎｏuｇhｔogoａｒound？1．bｌｕebirｄ藍(lán)知更鳥2.ｓｐarｒoｗ麻雀3.dogwｏod山茱萸4．poweｒｐlaｎt發(fā)電廠，發(fā)電站5.ａlｔｅrnate替換物6.ｎonreｎewablerｅsoｕrces不可再生資源7.coｎserve保存，保藏23Aｍｅｒica’sＷo(hù)rｓｔSｕrpriseDeceｍber7，19４１wasoneofthewｏrstdayｓiｎＡｍericanｈisｔory.ＮｅarlyａllAmeｒicａnｓwhoarｅｏlｄeｎoｕghtｏreｍｅｍbeｒthatｄaｙcanstillreｍｅmberwhａｔｔｈｅyweｒedoｉngattｈemｏmｅｎtthｅyhｅard“ｔｈｅnewｓ”.ＴheneｗswａsthaｔAmｅrｉcaｈａdｂeenaｔtａｃkeｄ!Ｓｈortｌyｂefｏｒe2:00P.Ｍ.，arａdiｏdiｓpａt(yī)ｃｈcameｉｎtoWａｓｈingtｏnfromHonoｌｕlu,Hａｗａii.“AirRａｉｄ，PearｌＨａrbor—Thiｓisnｏdrｉll.”JａpaｎesｅplaｎeshadbｅguｎanattackｏnｔhelarｇestＡmeｒｉcａnｍiｌiｔａrybasｅｉｎtｈePacifｉc.Ｔheｙfiｒstdestroyedｐｌanesontheｇrｏunｄ．Thenｔheyｂoｍbedｔｈesｈipsiｎtheharbor.Ｎoonｅｈaｄexｐｅｃtｅdthｅａt(yī)tack．Sonoｏnewasｐrepareｄfoｒit．AndiｔｄｉｄnottaｋｅlｏngｆorJａpaneｓetoｄotheiｒｄaｍagｅ.Ｗｈenthesmｏkecｌearｅd,theNavycouｎｔｅdｉtslｏsses.Eiｇhteenshipshａdbｅｅｎsunkorbａdlydaｍagｅd.Nearlｙ1５0pｌaneshadbeｅｎdesｔroyed.Ｍoreｔhａｎ2,４0０Ａmｅｒｉcａｎshadbeenｋillｅdandmoretｈａn1,200ｗouｎdeｄ．UｓｅｆulＷo(hù)rdｓandＥxprｅsｓｉｏnｓ：1.dispaｔch派遣,急件2.ａirrａid空襲3.dｒiｌl軍事訓(xùn)練，操練4.PｅａｒlHａrbｏr珍珠港24GrｅatDepresｓioninｔheU．Ｓ.In1929,theｂｉｌlsstarteｄｔocｏmein．Ａmｅricanｉndusｔryhadproducedtooｍaｎyｇoods.Aｍeｒicanｓｃouｌdnotaｆfoｒｄtobｕyａllｏfthem.Soｆactorｉeshａdtｏcutｄoｗnｏnthｅｉrproducｔｉon.Ｍａｎyworｋｅrsｌosttheiｒjobs.Inｖestorsｔriｅdtogeｔtｈeiｒmoneyback.Butbusinessesｄidｎothaveenoｕghｍoneytｏｐaｙtheｍ.Bankstriedtoｇettｈｅｉrmoｎeybackfrominveｓｔors.Bｕttheinvestorscouｌdnｏtpay，either．Tooｍａnypeoplｅowｅdmｏney.Anｄｆｅｗｏftｈemｃouldpaytｈeｉrｂills.Duringthenｅxtfewｙears,bｕsｉｎｅsｓｇotwoｒｓｅandworse．By1932,ｂａnksalｌoｖerthｅcｏｕnｔrywerecｌｏsing.Peｏｐｌewithｏutmonｅycouｌdnotbｕygooｄs.Somorebuｓinessｅsclｏｓed.Moｒｅaｎdｍorepeopｌeｌoｓtｔｈeiｒjobs．By19３2,moｒeｔhａn12ｍiｌｌioｎＡｍeｒｉcanswerejobleｓs.Mｉlｌｉonsｍｏｒｅwｅreearniｎgbarelyenoughtoliｖeon.Thecoｕntrｙwasinaｇreａt(yī)deprｅssionｔheｙhaｄneｖerexpｅｒiencedbefoｒe.UseｆｕｌＷo(hù)rｄｓandExｐｒｅｓｓions:1.bｉll帳單,票據(jù)foｏtｔhｅbｉｌl付賬，負(fù)責(zé)2.cutdoｗｎoｎ減少３.deprｅｓsｉon沮喪，蕭條GreatＤepreｓsion大蕭條２5APlacｅWｅaｒeallusuａｌlyveｒyｃarｅｆulwｈenwebuysoｍeｔhiｎgfｏｒtｈehouse.Wｈy？Becauｓｅweｈaｖetoliｖｅwｉｔｈitfoｒａlongtiｍｅ．Ｗeｐaintａroomtoｍａkeｉｔbriｇhteｒ,sｏweｃhｏosethecolorscarｅｆullｙ.Webｕynewcurｔaｉnsiｎｏｒdｅrtoｍaｔchｔｈｅｎewlydecoratedｒｏｏm，sotheｙmustbeｔhｅriｇhｔcｏｌor.Wemovetheｆｕrnituｒeｒｏuｎdsoaｓtomａkｅｍorespacｅ—ｏｒwｅbuynewfurniｔuｒe—anｄsｏon.Ｉｔiｓanendlessbusｉｎess．Riｃｈｏrpoｏr，ｗetaｋeｔｉmeｔoｆurnishaｒoom.Perhapｓｓoｍepeoplebuｙfurｎitureinｏrdeｒｔoiｍpreｓｓｔhｅｉｒｆriends．Butmoｓｔofｕｓjustwantｔoeｎjｏｙｏursurroundiｎgs.Wｅwanｔtｏlｉveasｃomfortabｌｙaswecanaｆfｏｒdto.Ｗｅsｐｅnｄaｌａrgepartofouｒliveｓaｔhoｍe.Ｗewａnttomakeasmａｌlcorｎeｒiｎtheworldwhicｈwｅcanreｃognizeasourｏwn.2６TｒａｖｅlforWorkＹoucａｎseethｅmiｎｅverｙairpoｒｔiｎｔｈewｏrld.Ｔhｅyａｒｅbusinessmeｎａｎdwomｅnwhｏhavｅtotrａvｅｌfortｈｅirwｏrｋ.Whｅｎｔhｅyｆiｒstａpplｉedｆｏｒthｅjob,theymaｙhaveｔhoughtｏfgoodfoodandｈｏtｅlｓ,hｕgeexｐeｎseaccoｕnｔｓanｄｆａshionableｃｉtｉｅs.Nｏwtheyhavｅtosiｔinaiｒpoｒtlounges,tiredanｄuncomforｔaｂleintheirsｍarｔcloｔhes,ｌistenｉngtｏthｅlｏuｄsｐeakeｒaｎnｏｕnce“ＴhefigｈtofTokyｏ,oｒＢerlin,oｒNewYorkisｄeｌaｙedfｏｒanotheｒtwｏhoｕrs.”Somepｅoplｅsａｙtomｅ,“Howlｕckｙｙouaretoｂeａbletotravｅlaｂroａdinyoｕｒwork!Ｙoucaｎgoｓiｇhｔｓｅe(cuò)iｎgwithouｔpaｙinｇanｙmoneyｂyyourｓeｌf!”Thｅyｔhｉｎkthａt(yī)mｙjoｂisliｋeaｃonｔinuaｌholiｄａy.Iｔisnｏt.Theｒeareaｄvａｎtages,ofcｏurｓe,andＩdｏthinIamluｃky,ｂutoｎlｙbecaｕsｅＩcａngotoplａcesIｗouｌdnevervisitｉｆIｗaｓａt(yī)oｕrｉsｔ．27IntelliｇenceＡresomeｐeoplｅbornｃleｖｅr,ａndｏtｈersborｎstuｐid?Orisinｔelｌｉｇenceｄevelopｅdｂyoｕｒeｎvｉｒoｎmeｎｔａndｏuｒexperieｎce？Stｒangelｙeｎoｕgh,tｈeanswｅrｔothｅｓｅｑｕｅstiｏｎｓｉsyｅs.Tosomｅｅｘtentｏurinteｌｌigenｃeisgivenusatbiｒth,andｎoamoｕntoｆspecialedｕcatｉoｎcａｎmakeageniusouｔofacｈildborｎｗitｈlowｉnｔelｌiｇence.Ontｈeｏthｅrhａnd，acｈildｗhｏｌｉｖesinａboringenｖironmｅntwilldeｖｅlophiｓinｔelliｇenceleｓｓthanoｎewhoｌivesinrichandｖariedsuｒrounｄiｎgs.Thｕs,thｅlimitsofapeｒsｏn’sinteｌligencearｅfixedａt(yī)ｂirｔｈ,ｗhｅtheｒornｏthereachesthoselimitｓｗilｌdepeｎdonhisenviroｎmｅnt.Ｔhiｓvieｗ,heldｂymoｓtexｐｅrtsnow,ｃａnbesｕpportedinaｎumｂｅrｏｆwayｓ.Ａsiseasytｏsｈowthaｔintelliｇｅnceistosomeｅｘｔｅntsomethiｎgｗeareｂorｎwith.Thｅcｌoserｔhebloodreｌａt(yī)ｉonshipbeｔweenｔｗｏpeｏplｅis，theｃlｏｓertheyａreｌｉkelyｔobｅiniｎｔeｌligence.2８AFrｅe(cuò)DｒessEveryＷeekThetemｐtatｉｏntosteａlｉｓgreａt(yī)erthanｅverbeforeｅｓpeｃialｌyｉnｌargeshopsａnｄpeoplearｅnotsohonestａstheyonceｗerｅ.Adｅtectｉvereceｎtlyｗaｔchedawelｌ-dreｓｓｅｄｗｏｍａｎwhｏalwayswentｉｎtoalaｒｇestoreｏｎMonｄaｙｍorｎｉngｓ．OneＭｏndaｙ，theｒeweｒｅfｅｗerpｅopleｉｎtheshｏpthanusualwhenｔheｗｏmancamｅiｎ,sｏｉｔwasｅasieｒfoｒtheｄｅtｅctivetowatｃhher．Theｗomanfirsｔbougｈtafewsmａllaｒｔicles.Ａfteｒaliｔtｌetiｍｅ，shecｈoseoｎeｏｆthｅｍoｓｔexｐenｓiｖedrｅｓsesｉｎｔhｅsｈoｐanｄｈanｄediｔｔoanａssｉｓtantwhowraｐpｅditupfｏrｈｅｒasｑuicklｙasｐossｉble.Thewomａnsimplｙtookthｅpaｒcelandwalkedｏutoｆtheshopwitｈoｕtpayiｎg.Whensheｗａsaｒrｅsteｄ,thedetecｔivｅfounｄｏｕtthattｈeshoｐａssｉsｔａnｔwashｅrdａuｇhtｅr.Believｅitornot,theｇiｒl“ｇave”herｍｏｔherafｒｅe(cuò)ｄrｅssｅverｙweeｋ!29TimeTiｍeisｔａnｇiｂlｅ.Ｏneｃangａiｎｔime,spendｔimｅ，ｗａstetｉme,ｓavetｉme,orevｅnkilltｉｍe.ＣｏmmonｑuestiｏnsinAｍｅricanＥnｇliｓｈreveaｌｔhiｓconcreteｑuａlityasthｏｕghtｉｍｅｗereapoｓsession.“Doyoｕｈavｅanytｉme？”，“Caｎｙoｕgｅtsoｍetimeforthｉs?”,“Howmｕchfreｅｔimedoｙｏｕｈaｖｅ?”Thetｒｅatｍｅnｔｏftimeａsapoｓsesｓioniｎｆluencｅｓtheｗaythatｔｉmeiscarｅfulｌyｄｉvｉｄｅｄ．Ｇenerally，Ａｍｅricaｎsａｒetａuｇhttodoｏnｅthingatａt(yī)iｍeanｄmａybeuｎcomfortaｂlewhenaｎactivityｉｓinterｒｕpted.Inbusiｎesses,thecaｒefulschedulingoftｉｍeandｔｈeseparationoｆactivitiesarecommonpｒaｃticeｓ.Appoｉntmeｎtcａｌenｄaｒsａｒeprｉnｔｅdwiｔh15-,3０-,ａnｄ６０-mｉｎｕtetｉmeslｏtｓ.Theideａt(yī)hat“therｅisatｉmeａndpｌacefｏreveｒyｔhiｎｇ”eｘｔeｎdsｔoAmeriｃａnsｏcialｌife.Visitorswhodｒｏpｂywｉthoｕtpriｏｒnoticemayinterｒｕptｔｈｅirhｏst’spersonaltime.Thｕs，callinｇfrｉendsｏｎｔhetｅlephonｅｂefoｒevisｉtinｇtｈemiｓgenｅrallｙprｅferreｄtoｖisｉｔoｒs’ｄroｐpiｎgbｙ.Usefｕlｗordsaｎｄeｘpｒeｓsions:1.tangibｌe切實(shí)的2.kｉｌｌtime消磨時(shí)間３.reveal顯示，揭示4．sｃheｄｕling行程安排５.ｓlｏt縫隙６.ｄrｏpｂy隨便訪問7.preｆｅrred首選的3０CａrｔoｏnistsInａgoodcａｒｔoｏn,tｈｅａｒtistcantｅlｌinaｆｅwliｎesaｓmucｈaｓａwｒiｔerｃaｎteｌlinhaｌfaｄｏzｅnparagｒaphs．Tｈecaｒｔoonｉstｎotｏnlｙｔeｌlsaｓtoryｂuthealsotｒiｅｓtopeｒsuａdetherｅadertohiｓwaｙｏfthinkｉng．Hｅhasgｒeａt(yī)ｉnfｌuenｃｅonpuｂｌｉcopiｎioｎ.Inapoｌｉticalcａmｐaiｇn，ｈeplaysanｉmｐorｔantpａｒt．CｏntroversialissuesiｎＣonｇreｓsｏraｔmeｅtinｇｓoftheUnitedＮatｉoｎsｍaykｅe(cuò)pｔheｃａｒtｏonｉｓｔwell-ｓupplｉedwithcuｒｒenｔmateｒｉals.Acleｖerｃarｔooｎistmayｃａuｓelaugｈteｒbecａusehｅoftｅnｕseshuｍorinhiｓｄrawings．Iｆhｅｉｓsketchingaｆamｏusperｓon，ｈetakｅsaｐrominenｔｆeatureaｎdeｘaｇgerateｓit．Cａrtoonｉsts，foｒinｓtanｃe,liketｏleｎｇｔhenａｎａlreadylongnosｅanｄｔoｗideｎanａlｒeadyｂroａdgrｉn.Tｈisexagｇeratｉonｏfaperｓoｎ’schaｒａｃtｅｒiｓtiｃｓiｓcaｌledcaｒicature．Thｅａrtistｕsesｓuchexaggeｒationｔｏpｕthiｓｍesｓａgｅacross.UsｅfuｌWｏｒｄsanｄExprｅｓｓｉons:1.ｃartoonisｔ漫畫家2.ｃampaigｎ活動(dòng)３.coｎtｒoｖeｒsial爭(zhēng)論的,爭(zhēng)議的4.sｋetcｈ素描５.ｐrｏminｅｎt卓越的6.exaｇgeratｅ夸張7.leｎgtｈen延長8.griｎ露齒笑31ＷatｅrPolluｔｉonWａt(yī)eｒisveryiｍportａnｔｔｏus.Faｃtoriesandｐlａnｔsneｅdｗaterforｉnduｓtｒiａlｕseｓａndlarｇeｐiｅcesoffarmlandneeｄｉtｆorirriｇation.Ｗiｔhouｔwatｅrtｏｄｒｉnk,peoｐledieiｎａｓｈorｔtime.Todayｍostwatersoｕrcesaｒｅsoｄｉrｔythatpｅoplemusｔpurifyｗateｒｂeforｅdrｉｎｋing.Ｗａt(yī)erｂeｃoｍeｓｄirtyinmaｎyways:industｒｉalｐｏllｕｔｉｏｎiｓｏnｅoftheｍ.Wiｔhtheｄevelｏpmｅntoｆindustｒｙ,plantsandfactoｒｉｅspｏurtｏnsofiｎdｕsｔrialｗastｅrsinｔoriｖｅrsｅｖｅryday.Therｉverｓｈａｖeｂecoｍｅsｅriousｌｙｐolｌuted,ａndtheｗａｔeｒisｂecｏｍingunｆitfordrｉnkingorirrigation.Tｈｅｓamｅthiｎghasalsohａｐｐenｅdtｏｏｕrseasａndocｅａns.So,ｔhｅproblemoｆwateｒｐollutionisalmostworldwｉdｅ.Scientｉsｔsｏｆmaｎyｃouｎtｒiｅｓhaveｄonｅalotｏfwｏrktostｏppoｌlutｉｏn.Tｈeｐｏlｌuｔedwａt(yī)erｉnsｏmeplaceshasbecomecleaｎaｎｄdrｉnkaｂleａｇaｉｎ.Ｐeｒhapsonedaytheｐeoｐleiｎalｌtowｎsandcｉtiｅswｉllｂeｄrinkiｎgｃleanwatｅr.Tｈatday，ｗeｂeｌieｖe,ｉsnotveｒyfarｏｆf．32MakiｎgaＣoｍpｌaintComplainingａboutfaultygｏｏdｓｏrbadserviｃｅｓisnｅvereasy.Butifｓｏｍeｔhiｎｇyｏuhａvｅbroughtisfaultｙｏrdｏesnoｔdoｗｈatｗaｓclaimeｄfoｒit,youａｒenｏtaｓkiｎgfｏｒafavortｏgｅｔitｐutｒight.Ｃomplainｔsｓｈｏuldbeｍadetｏarｅspoｎsiｂleperｓon.Goｂaｃｋtｏｔｈesｈoｐwhereｙoｕboughtthegoods,ｔakinｇｗitｈyoｕａnyreceiptyoumayhａｖe.Inasmallｓtorｅtheasｓistantmayａｌsobeｔｈeｏｗnersoyoucaｎcｏmplaindiｒｅcｔ.Iｎachaｉnstoｒe，asktｈeｍanager．Ｉfｙouｔｅlephonｅ,asktｈenａmeｏｆｔｈepeｒsonwhoｈandlesyｏureｎquiry,ｏtherwisｅyｏumayｎeverfindoutwhｏdealtｗitｈtｈecomｐlainｔｌater.Iｆｙoudｏnotｗaｎttodoｉtinｐerson，ｗritealｅｔｔeｒ.Sｔickｔothefactsandkｅe(cuò)pacopyofwhatｙouwriｔe.Atｔhissｔaｇeyｏushouldgivｅanｙreceiｐtnumbeｒs,butｙoｕｓhｏuldnotｎeedｔｏgivereｃeiｐtsorothｅｒpaｐerｓtopｒｏveyouboughtthｅaｒticle.33WｈｅreDothｅＢritishＬｉｖeNeａrlyｅveｒyonｅｉnＢｒｉｔainwouldliｋeｔoowｎｔheｉrownｈｏmｅａｎd,ｗhetｈerthｅydｏornot,theyarepreparｅdtｏpｕｔtｉmｅａｎdmonｅyiｎtodeｃorａt(yī)ingａndｆｕrnishiｎｇｉtorevenmakingstrｕctｕｒalalｔeraｔionstoit.Beｃauｓｅofｔｈｅcliｍateaｎdbecauｓｅoｆthｅe(cuò)xpeｎsｅinvoｌvedｉnｇoinｇoutｆorｔheevｅnｉng,ｔheBｒiｔishspｅnｄａlotofｔimeaｔhomｅandalargepartoftｈeｉｒｓociallｉfetaｋｅsplacｅtｈｅreＹoungｐeopleｔendｔostaｙwiththeｉｒfａmiｌieslｏngerthesｅdayｓasacｃoｍmoｄationiｓｅxｐensｉvebｕt,whｅntheｙmｏveawaｙtｏajoborcoｌｌege,theｒｅareｖaｒiｏｕsoptionsoｐentoｔhｅｍ.Theycａngetlodgingswitｈalａｎdｌady．Thiｓmｅanstｈaｔtｈｅyrｅntaｒoomｉｎsoｍｅｏnｅ’sｈouseaｎｄhaｖeｂｒｅakfａstwithｔｈefamily.Tｈeycaｎaｌsｏｇetaｂed-siｔtiｎgrooｍ，ｔhatistｏsayｏｎesｅlf-containedroominwhichtｈeycancook,liｖｅanｄsｌeep.Ａltｅrｎatiｖｅlｙ，ｔheyｃaｎｓharearｅｎtｅdflatorhousewithaｇrｏｕｐofｙouｎgpeoplｅ,perｈａpsthemosｔpopuｌarｏpｔiｏnofａll.UsefuｌＷo(hù)ｒｄｓaｎdExpｒeｓｓｉoｎs：１.lodging寄宿處２.bedｓｉｔ臥室兼起居室3.bed-ｓｉtｔｉnｇ臥室兼起居室的4.seｌf-ｃonｔａined設(shè)備齊全的３4ＷillCｏmｐuｔｅｒsReplaceHumanBeiｎｇs?Wｅareiｎthecomputeraｇetodaｙ.Thｅｃomputersarewｏrkｉngaｌlｋiｎｄsofwondｅrｓnoｗ.Ｔheyarｅverｙusefulinauｔomaticcoｎtrolanddataproceｓsｉnｇ.Aｔｔhesametimｅ，ｃｏmpuｔｅｒsareｆｉndｉngtheｉｒwａyiｎｔothehome.Theyseemtobｅｓocleverandcaｎsｏｌvesｕｃｈcｏmpliｃatｅdproblｅmsｔｈatsoｍeｐeoplｅthinksoonｅrorlaｔeｒtheyｗillｒｅplaｃeuｓ．ButIdonotthｉnｋthaｔtherｅiｓsｕchapossｉbiliｔy.Myreasｏｎiｓｖｅｒｙｓiｍｐlｅ:coｍputersａｒemachiｎeｓ,ｎothｕmans.Aｎdourtａｓksarｅfartoovariousａｎdcoｍpｌicatedforａnyoｎesingleｋiｎdｏｆmaｃhｉnetｏpｅrform．Probablythｅgｒeａt(yī)estdifｆerｅncｅbeｔweｅnmanandcompｕterｉsｔhatｔhefｏrｍercａndotｈｉngsofhｉsｏwnwｈilethｅｌatteｒcａndonothｉngwｉthｏutbeｉngｐｒograｍmｅd.Iｎmyoｐinion,cｏmputerswillreｍaiｎｎoｔhｉｎgbｕtａnexｔensionｏfoｕrｈumａｎbｒains,nomaｔteｒhoｗcleverandｃomplicatedtheｙmaybecｏme.36ArｔistｓＥｖeryaｒtistｋｎoｗsinhｉsheａrtthａt(yī)hｅissayinｇsoｍetｈiｎgtｏthｅｐuｂlｉｃ.Notonlyｄｏeｓhewａnttosayitwｅll，buthewａntsittobesｏmｅthingｗhicｈhasnotbeensaidbeｆｏｒｅ.Whａt(yī)visualarｔｉsts,lｉｋeｐaｉnｔeｒs,wanｔtosaｙｉsｅasytoｍａkeoutbuｔdｉｆｆiｃｕlｔtoexｐlａin,becausepａinｔerｓtraｎｓlatethｅirｅxｐｅriｅｎceｓｉntosｈapesaｎｄcolors，ｎotwｏｒds．Thｅｙseｅmtoｆｅe(cuò)ｌthataceｒｔainｓｅｌｅcｔionofshapesａndcoloｒs,outoftｈecounｔｌesｓbiｌlionsofpoｓsiｂle,iseｘceptioｎallyｉｎtｅｒeｓtingfortheｍandworthshｏwingtouｓ.Mｏsｔａｒtistｓtakｅtheirsｈapｅｓａndｃｏｌｏrsｆromｔhewｏｒldofnaｔureandfｒｏｍhｕmanbodiesinｍotionａｎｄrespｏnｓe;thｅirchoiｃｅｓｉndｉcatｅthattｈｅｓeaspectｓｏｆtｈewoｒldaｒeｗorｔhｌooｋｉｎgat,thattheyｃｏｎtaｉnbeautiｆulsｉghｔｓ.Coｎteｍporaryａrtistｓｍightｓaｙtｈattheymerｅlychoosｅsubjｅctsthatｐrovideaninterestingｐａｔterｎ，thatｔhｅｒeisnothingmoｒeｉnit．Yｅｔevenｔheｙdonｏtｃｈoｏsｅe(cuò)ntireｌywｉtｈｏutrｅferencetotｈｅｃhaｒaｃtｅroftheｉｒsubｊects.UｓｅfulwoｒｄsandExｐｒｅsｓions:1.ｖisualartist視覺藝術(shù)家2.ｓelｅｃｔion挑選，選擇3.exceptｉｏｎal例外的，異常的4.motｉon運(yùn)動(dòng),動(dòng)作5．indiｃaｔｅ顯示,象征6.contｅmｐorary當(dāng)代的,同時(shí)代的７.witｈoｕtreferenceto不管，與……無關(guān)37ProfeｓsioａnlSporｔsintheU.Ｓ.ＰrｏｆesｓioｎaｌｓｐorｔsarｅnｏtonlyverypｏpulａriｎｔｈeUnitｅｄStaｔes,buｔalsｏaｂigbuｓｉnｅss．Ｔhｅｍosｔpopulaｒsportsaｒebａｓebａll,foｏtballandｂａｓketbａll.Eachｓｐorｔhａsiｔsownｓeasonandindｉviｄuaｌteamshaｖemｉllｉoｎsofsuｐporters.Professｉoｎａlteamsarｅnａmeｄfｏｒthecitiesｗhｅｒｅtheｙａrｅｌoｃated.Fｏrexamｐle,tｈeLakersaｒｅiｎLoｓAngeleｓ.TｈｅsｔrongeｓtsupportｅrsｏftheLakeｒsａrｅresidentsoｆＬoｓAnｇeleｓaｎdSoutｈernCalｉforｎia.WhentheLakerｓpｌay,ｍanypeopｌeinLoｓＡngelesｅnthusiaｓticallyfｏllowtｈeｇame.Ｗheｎwementiｏn“NBＡ”，aｌmosteveryｏneknoｗsitahsｓomerｅlatｉｏnshipwithU.S.ｐroｆessionalｂａskeｔball．Hｏwever,whａt(yī)doeｓitreａｌlｙｓtａｎdfor?N．Ｂ.Aisｇaiｎｉngnewfａnsandsｕpportｅrsarouｎdthｅwoｒｌd.Basketbaｌlｈaｓbeeｎcallｅdtｈｅ“naｔｉonalｐastiｍe”.Howeveｒ,footbａllｉｓthemostpｏpulａrprofｅｓsionalsportｉntheＵ.S．.Americanfｏotbalｌiｓdifferentfrｏmiｎterｎatioｎａlfootball,ｗhichAmericansｃaｌl“ｓoccｅr”.Ｂoｔhgamesrequiｒｅstreｎgｔhａnｄspｅｃiａlizeｄｓkillｓ.UｓefulＷo(hù)ｒｄｓaｎｄExpreｓsions：1．benamｅｄｆor被指定為２.besｈorｔｆoｒ是……的簡稱3.standｆoｒ代表3８“Howto”ＢｏoｋsＢookswhichgiveiｎstructｉonsonｈoｗtodoｔhiｎgsarｅpopularｉｎtheUｎitedareａboutｆoｒｔhousaｎdbookｓwithtitleｓthａt(yī)ｂeginｗｉthｔhewordｓ“hｏwto’.Manｙ“hｏwto”booksｇivｅadvicｅoｎcareers．Tｈe