江西省上饒市鐵山中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)期末試卷含解析

江西省上饒市鐵山中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Therelevantauthoritieshaverecently________somecompaniesandindividualsfortheirillegalemissionthatisharmfultotheenvironment.A.cutbackon

B.crackeddownon

C.followedupon

D.heldouton參考答案：B【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有關(guān)當(dāng)局最近對(duì)一些公司和個(gè)人非法排放有害環(huán)境的行為進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)厲打擊。A.cutbackon削減；B.crackeddownon嚴(yán)懲;；C.followedupon進(jìn)一步了解；D.heldouton保守秘密。crackdownon“嚴(yán)懲”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)正確。2.—Whataboutthenewbakeryatthestreetcornernearourschool?

—You________notwanttoeatitscheesecakes,fortheyareverycalorific.

A.dare B.must C.might D.need參考答案：C情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。might在本句中表示“不肯定的猜測(cè)”，或者在部分語(yǔ)法資料中，把might的本句用法歸類(lèi)為“委婉的建議”。3.---BradwasJane’sbrother!---_______heremindedmesomuchofJane!A.Nodoubt

B.Aboveall

C.Nowonder

D.Ofcourse參考答案：C4.—Mom,I’msorrytotellyouIfailed

mathstest.—Don’tloseheart.But,given

secondchance,youaresupposedtopass.A.the;the

B.the;a

C.a;a

D.a;the參考答案：B5.—Robert,Ifailedagain!—Don’tworry,you’llgetchosenfortheteam.___________.A.Everydoghasitsday.

B.Anewbroomsweepsclean.C.Acatmaylookataking.

D.Apersonisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.參考答案：A略6.—Anythingtodrink?Coffee?

—IthinkI'llhavesometea

coffee．

A．otherthan

B．morethan

C．lessthan

D．ratherthan參考答案：D7.—WhencanIuseyourcomputer?—Never!_______shouldyoutouchit.A.Innotime

B.Undernocircumstance

C.Atnocase

D.Onnocondition參考答案：D試題分析：考查詞組辨析：A.Innotime立刻，馬上；B.Undernocircumstance在任何情況下都不；C.Atnocase在任何情況下；D.Onnocondition絕不要，從后面的shouldyoutouchit可知這句話(huà)用了倒裝句，所以選擇一個(gè)否定意義的詞組Onnocondition，句意：---我什么時(shí)候可以用你的電腦？--不行，你絕不能碰它。選D。【知識(shí)拓展】否定副詞或短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)這類(lèi)表示否定意義的詞有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but（also）,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等等.如：Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他沒(méi)有收下禮物,還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她剛出門(mén),就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪(fǎng).Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她剛出門(mén),就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪(fǎng).注意：只有當(dāng)Notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ),不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),如NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic8.Olympicathletesbringjoytopeopleacrosstheworldwiththeir____________topushtheboundariesofhumanachievement.A.intelligence B.influences C.impression D.attempts參考答案：D【詳解】考查名詞。句意：奧運(yùn)健兒們努力突破人類(lèi)成就的極限，為全世界人民帶來(lái)了歡樂(lè)。A.intelligence智力，理解力；B.influences

影響；C.impression印象，效果；D.attempts企圖，試圖。結(jié)合句意可知D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。9.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent

attheendoflastMarch.A．hasbeenlaunched

B．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunched

D．tobelaunched參考答案：B解析：themostrecenthavingbeenlaunched構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。themostrecent指最近發(fā)射的載人飛船,與launch是被動(dòng)關(guān)系所以要用動(dòng)詞+ing形式的完成式的被動(dòng)式。

10.—IsawMr.Blackontheplaygroundthismorning.

—You________.He’sstillonholidayinSanya.A.can’t

B.couldn’thave

C.mustn’thave

D.needn’t

參考答案：B11.（基礎(chǔ)題）Ican'tgotothatopera.________，seventydollarsisjusttoomuchformetospendononeevening.A．Inotherwords

B．Onthewhole

C．Inaway

D．Imean參考答案：D略12.ChinaDailyis________anewspaper.IthelpsimproveourEnglish.A．nomorethan

B．nolessthan

C．notmorethan

D．morethan參考答案：D13.I’mafraidI’malittleshort______moneythismonth.

A.for

B.in

C.of

D.with參考答案：C略14.Thepurposeofeducation______betoprovidestudentswithavaluesystem—nottopreparethemforaspecificjob.A．will

B．should

C．could

D．may參考答案：B15.－______hehavebeenchosenascaptainofthefootballteam?

－Yes,he_____.

A.Can;musthave

B.Must;musthave

C.Can;must

D.Must;must參考答案：A略16.Youhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,____youwon’tpassthecourse.A．a(chǎn)nd

B．so

C．but

D.or參考答案：D

解析：根據(jù)句意“你最好開(kāi)始努力工作，否則的話(huà)/要不然的話(huà)，你就不會(huì)通過(guò)考試”。or表示“否則的話(huà)/要不然的話(huà)”。17.---Idon’tunderstandwhyCatherinestoppedshort_____sheoughttohavecontinued.---It’sobviousthatshelackedself-confidence.A.when

B.whileC.if

D.as參考答案：A【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為：——我不明白為什么凱瑟琳本該繼續(xù)下去，卻突然停了下來(lái)?！@然她缺乏自信。when在此表示“雖然，盡管”。while表示“盡管”必須置句首；if表示“如果”；as表示“盡管”需倒裝。故選A。18.---Couldyoupleasetellmetheanswertothisquestion?

---______Itisnotmystyletohelppeoplecheat.A.Noprobiem

B.Noway

C.Nowonder

D.Nodoubt參考答案：B二、填空19.Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyharvestsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women'seducationmaybeanunusualeconomicalfield，butincreasingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicissueasasocialone.Andeconomics，withitsfocusonencouragement，providesanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsareridofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily：girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(觀(guān)念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(惡性的)circleofneglect.Aneducatedmother，ontheotherhand，hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren，ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls，aswellasboys，willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.Fewwillarguethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestment，buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificanteffectonhealthpractices，includingfamilyplanning.TheSignificanceofFemale___51___inDevelopingCountriesTopicThoughconsideredasasocialissue，women'seducationisalsolinkedtoadevelopingcountry's___52___.SupportingDetailsAviciouscircle●Withlittle___53___oftheirdaughters'contributiontotheirfamily，parentsareunwillingtoinvestinthem.●Girlscan'tgotoschool，___54___upasuneducatedmothersaftertheirmarriages，whosedaughtersarelikelytofollowintheir___55___.Avirtuouscircle●Withfewerbuthealthierchildren，aneducatedmotherisagood___56___ofherchildren'sdevelopment.●Asaresult，herdaughtersreceivegoodeducation.Sowillthenext___57___ofgirls.___58___educatedfemaleshaveoveruneducatedones●Theyhave___59___tomoreiobopportunitiesandcanearnmoremoney.●Theywillenjoymorehealthpractices，includingfamilyplanning.ConclusionEducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesisimportantandrewarding，soitis___60___ofbeinginvested.

參考答案：51.Education

52.economy

53.expectation

54.ending

55.footsteps

56.guarantee

57.generation(s)

58.Edges/Advantages

59.access

60.worthy本文是一篇議論文。這篇文章從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度論證了在發(fā)展中國(guó)家女性教育的價(jià)值?！?1題詳解】原詞重現(xiàn)。從第一段的句子：Women'seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists可知教育女孩是有價(jià)值的投資：填education。【52題詳解】詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)第一段中Women'seducationmaybeanunusualeconomicalfield，butincreasingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicissueasasocialone.可知，盡管視為一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題，婦女的教育也與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)聯(lián)。故將形容詞economic改成名詞economy?！?3題詳解】詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily：girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.可知，對(duì)自己女兒給家庭貢獻(xiàn)幾乎沒(méi)有期望，父母都不愿意投資于她們。故把動(dòng)詞expect改成名詞expectation?！?4題詳解】詞義歸納。根據(jù)第二段中g(shù)irlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(觀(guān)念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(惡性的)circleofneglect.可知，女孩不能去上學(xué)，最后她們結(jié)婚之后作為沒(méi)受過(guò)教育的母親而結(jié)束，她的女兒可能會(huì)步她們的后塵。故答案為ending?！?5題詳解】詞義歸納。根據(jù)第二段中g(shù)irlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(觀(guān)念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(惡性的)circleofneglect.可知，女孩不能去上學(xué)，最后她們結(jié)婚之后作為沒(méi)受過(guò)教育的母親而結(jié)束，她的女兒可能會(huì)步她們的后塵。故答案為footsteps?！?6題詳解】詞義歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中Aneducatedmother，ontheotherhand，hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren，ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.可知，有更少但更健康的孩子，受過(guò)教育的母親是孩子們發(fā)展的一個(gè)很好的保證。故答案為guarantee。【57題詳解】詞義歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls，aswellasboys，willbeeducatedandhealthy.可知，因此,她的女兒接受良好的教育，下一代女孩也將如此。故答案為generation(s)。【58題詳解】詞義歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段中Fewwillarguethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.可知，受過(guò)教育的女性比沒(méi)受過(guò)教育的女性擁有更多的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故答案為Edges/Advantages?！?9題詳解】固定詞組。根據(jù)最后一段中Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.可知，他們有更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)，可以賺更多的錢(qián)。固定詞組：haveaccessto接近，可以利用，故答案為access?！?0題詳解】歸納題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyharvestsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.可知，右邊是這篇文章的結(jié)論：女孩的教育在發(fā)展中國(guó)家很重要，非常有益，所以對(duì)它的投資是值得的。beworthyof值得，故答案為worthy。20.FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawking,___41___mentalgeniusandphysicaldisabilitymadehimahouseholdnameandinspirationacrosstheglobe,hasdiedatage76.Propelled(推動(dòng))tosuperstarbyhis1988bookABriefHistoryofTime,whichbecame___42___unlikelyworldwidebestseller,Hawkingdevoted___43___(he)tounlockingthesecretsoftheUniverse.Hisgeniusandwit___44___(win)overfansfromfarbeyondtheworldofastrophysics,earningcomparisonswithAlbertEinsteinandSirIsaacNewton.Hawkingdied___45___(peaceful)athishomeintheBritishuniversitycityofCambridgeintheearlyhoursofWednesdaymorning.“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday,”professorHawking’schildrensaidinastatement___46___(carry)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency.“Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanwhoseworkandlegacywilllive___47___formanyyears.”Hawkingrefusedtoacceptthepredictionsthathewouldonlyliveforafewyearsafterdevelopingaformofmotorneuronediseaseinhisearly___48___(twenty).Theillnessgraduallyrobbedhimofmobility,___49___(leave)himconfinedtoawheelchair,almostcompletelyparalysedandunabletospeakexceptthroughhisvoicesynthesiser(合成器).“Hiscourageandpersistencewithhisbrillianceand____50____(humorous)inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld,”hisfamilysaid.參考答案：41.whose

42.an

43.himself

44.won

45.peacefully

46.carried

47.on

48.twenties

49.leaving

50.Humor/humor本文為一篇記敘文。英國(guó)最著名的物理學(xué)家斯蒂芬霍金，于星期三早晨在家中平靜地去世，他一生致力于探究宇宙的奧秘。他的《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史》成為當(dāng)時(shí)最暢銷(xiāo)的書(shū)。他的天才和智慧不僅在物理學(xué)界贏得了盛贊，而且還贏得了世人的崇拜。41.考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。分析句子FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawking,_1__mentalgeniusandphysicaldisabilitymadehim可知，StephenHawking被一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾，先行詞Hawking在從句中作mentalgeniusandphysicaldisability的定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)用whose。句意：英國(guó)著名的物理學(xué)家霍金，他的智力天才和身體的殘疾讓他成為全世界的家喻戶(hù)曉的人物和鼓舞人心的人物，已經(jīng)逝世，享年76歲。故填whose。42.考查冠詞。分析句子可知，《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史》是一部暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)，表示數(shù)量“一”，形容詞unlikely是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的，故填an。43.考查固定搭配。devoteoneselfto(doing)sth為固定搭配，意為“致力于做某事”?；艚鹨簧铝τ诮议_(kāi)宇宙的奧秘。故填himself。44.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本文主要講述霍金生前的事，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此本空要用過(guò)去時(shí)won。句意：他的天才和智慧不只在天體物理學(xué)界贏得許多粉絲。故填won。45.考查副詞作狀語(yǔ)。霍金于星期三凌晨在英國(guó)大學(xué)城劍橋的家中平靜地死去。peaceful為形容詞，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞died，修飾動(dòng)詞一般用副詞，因此要用其副詞形式peacefully。46.考查非謂語(yǔ)。Hawking教授的孩子在英國(guó)新聞協(xié)會(huì)新聞社發(fā)表的一份聲明中說(shuō)……。分析句子inastatement___6___(carry)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency可知，carry在句中作astatement的后置定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency（由新聞社發(fā)表的聲明），statement與carry是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞carried。47.考查固定搭配。liveon為固定搭配，在此意為“繼續(xù)活著，繼續(xù)存在”。故填on。48.考查固定搭配。inone’stwenties為固定搭配，意為“在某人二十幾歲時(shí)”。句意：霍金拒絕接受他在20歲多歲時(shí)他患了運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元病后只活了幾年的預(yù)言。故填twenties。49.考查非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。分析句子可知，前面的句子（Theillnessgraduallyrobbedhimofmobility,）“疾病逐漸奪走了他的機(jī)動(dòng)性“，導(dǎo)致了后面的結(jié)果，即“使他只能坐在輪椅上”。這種情況下用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾前面的整個(gè)句子。故填leaving。50.考查名詞。分析句子__10___(humorous)inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld可知，空格處在句子中做主語(yǔ)，形容詞不能作主語(yǔ)，用名詞形式做主語(yǔ)，故填Humor/humor。三、閱讀理解21.April4thwasjustanotherdayonaWesternAustraliafarmforZacMitchell,untilitsuddenlywasn’t.Inanunexpectedaccident,thecattleworkerwasfeedingtheanimalsinhischargewhenonebullcleanedhimupandkickedhishandupagainsttherail,resultinginthethumbonhisrighthandbeingcutoff.“Mythumbwasstillhangingontherail...whenIgotupofftheground,”ZacMitchellsays.Hisco-workerstriedtheirbesttopreservethethumbforreattachment,placingitoniceinacooler,buttwosurgeriestoputMitchell’sthumbbackinplacefailed.That’swhendoctorscameupwithanothersuggestion:Removeoneofhisbigtoestowherehisthumbusedtobe.Mitchell’sleadsurgeon,SeanNicklin,understoodtheman’sdilemmaatfirst,callingita“bitofacrazyidea”.Afterall,ZacMitchelldidnotwanttobeinjuredinanotherpartofhisbody.Butasthethumbisincrediblyimportantfunction-wise,Mitchelleventuallygavein.Nicklinexplainsthatthebigtoeissurprisinglyfitforathumbswitch:Nervessyncup(同步)nicely,anditlooksmorelikeathumb,thoughagiantone,thananyotheralternativetheymayhavecomeupwith.Headdedthatbigtoesaren’tasnecessaryforbalanceandwalkingaspeoplebelieve.Asfarasthefootgoes,occasional“finebalance”activitieslikesurfingmightbedifficult,butmostpeoplewithoutabigtoefunctionfineineverydaytaskslikewalkingandevencompetitivesports.Theeight-hoursurgerywentwell,andMitchellisexpectedtohaveayearorsoofrecoveryinfrontofhimbeforeheheadsbackintothefields.24.WhathappenedtoZacMitchellonApril4th?A.Hecleanedupabull.

B.Hewasbadlyhurt.C.Hestartedhisfarm.

D.Helosthisthumbs.25.WhatsuggestiondidthedoctorgivetoMitchellaftertheunsuccessfulsurgery?A.Recreatinganewthumbinplace.B.Replacingthethumbwithhistoe.C.Transplantinghisco-worker’sthumb.D.Puttingbackthecut-offthumbagain.26.WhatisMitchell’sfirstattitudetothedoctor’sanothersuggestion?A.Optimistic.

B.Insignificant.C.Hesitant.

D.Rejective.27.AccordingtoNicklin,afterthesurgeryMitchellisableto

.A.surfonthesea

B.dodailyactivitiesC.onlystayathome

D.workonwheelchair參考答案：BBCB24細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“…resultinginthethumbonhisrighthandbeingcutoff.”可知，一個(gè)牛場(chǎng)工人被一頭公牛弄斷了大拇指，嚴(yán)重受傷。故選B。25細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“That’swhendoctorscameupwithanothersuggestion:Removeoneofhisbigtoestowherehisthumbusedtobe.”可知，醫(yī)生提出建議用他的大腳趾代替大拇指。故選B。26推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段二、三句“Afterall,ZacMitchelldidnotwanttobeinjuredinanotherpartofhisbody.Butasthethumbisincrediblyimportantfunction-wise,Mitchelleventuallygavein.”可推斷，對(duì)于醫(yī)生的另一個(gè)建議起初ZacMitchell是猶豫的，畢竟他不想身體的其他地方受傷。故選C。27B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)兩句“Headdedthatbigtoesaren’tasnecessaryforbalanceandwalkingaspeoplebelieve.Asfarasthefootgoes,occasional“finebalance”activitieslikesurfingmightbedifficult,butmostpeoplewithoutabigtoefunctionfineineverydaytaskslikewalkingandevencompetitivesports.”可知，根據(jù)Nicklin說(shuō)的，大腳趾對(duì)于平衡和走路不是必須的，在日?；顒?dòng)中，像走路甚至競(jìng)技性運(yùn)動(dòng)，沒(méi)有大腳趾的人也做得很好。因此可知Mitchell手術(shù)后能夠從事日?；顒?dòng)。故選B。22.ClimbingWithoutRopesThepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It’smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.Whatisbouldering?Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.Whyboulder?improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasicsplacestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofindlesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbingintellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblems

BoulderingTermscrimp:averysmallhandholdfoothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidinclimbingboulderjug:averylargehandholdthatiseasytouseproblem:Thepathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe“problem”thatonemustsolve.The“solution”isthesequenceofmovesonemakesupandoverab