2023年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解真題與答案詳解

PartIVReadingCｏmpreheｎsｉon(RｅａdｉnginDｅpｔｈ）（25ｍinｕｔes)SeｃtioｎＡQｕestioｎs47ｔｏ５６arebaｓeｄoｎthefolｌowｉｎgpassａge．Aｂｏoｋｌesｓｌｉfeｉsaｎinｃｏｍpletelｉfe.Booksｉｎflｕencetｈｅdepthａndbｒeadthｏflifｅ.Ｔheyｍeetthenａt(yī)urａl47______forfrｅe(cuò)ｄｏm,fｏreｘprｅssiｏｎ,fｏrcｒｅatiｖityａndbeautｙｏｆliｆe.Learnｅrs,thereｆｏre，ｍustｈａvebooks,aｎdthｅrigｈｔｔypｅofbook,ｆoｒthesａt(yī)iｓfaｃtioｎoftｈeiｒｎeeｄ.Reaｄersturn48_＿_(dá)___tobooｋsbecａｕsetｈｅirｃuｒiosｉｔｙconcerｎiｎgaｌlｍａnneｒsofthｉngｓ,theireaｇerｎeｓstoshareiｎtheexperiencｅsｏfｏtｈersandtheirｎeｅdto４9___＿_(dá)_fromthｅｉｒownlimitedenvironmenｔlｅaｄｔｈeｍtofｉndinbｏｏkｓfooｄｆorｔhethｅmindandspirｉt.Ｔhrouｇhtheirreadinｇtheyfinｄadeepｅrｓignｉficanceｔｏlｉｆｅasboｏｋsacquainｔthemwiｔｈlifｅiｎthewoｒlｄａｓitwasandiｔiｓnow.Theyarepreseｎteｄwｉthａ50__＿_(dá)__ofhuｍaｎexpeｒiencｅsanｄcometo５1_＿_(dá)___ｏtｈｅrｗaysofthｏuｇｈtandlivｉng.Ａndwhile52____＿_(dá)tｈeirownrｅlatｉｏnshipsanｄreｓpｏnsｅstoreadｅｒsofteｎfiｎdｔｈatthe53＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿iｎｔheirsｔoｒｉesaｒeｇoingｔhrｏｕghｓimｉlaraｄjustｍents,ｗhicｈhｅlptｏclａｒifyandgｉvesｉｇｎificancｅtotheirown.Boｏksprovidｅ54_＿＿＿_(dá)＿ｍateriaｌforreadｅrs'iｍaginａt(yī)iｏntogrow．Imaginationｉsavaluablequalｉｔｙandamotｉｖatingpower,andstiｍｕlatｅsaｃhievｅｍent.Ｗhileenrｉchinｇthｅiriｍａgｉnａｔiｏｎ,books5５______tｈｅiroutlook,ｄevelｏpafaｃt-fｉｎdiｎgａｔtitudeaｎdtrainｔhemtｏuseleisure56_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿．Theｓocialaｎdｅduｃａt(yī)ionalsｉgnifｉcanceｏfｔｈeｒeadｅrs'boｏksｃannotbeoｖerestiｍatedinanacadeｍｉcｌiｂrａry．注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A)abundantI)establishingA)abundantI)establishingB)charactersJ)narrowC)communicatingK)naturallyD)completelyL)personnelE)deriveM)properlyF)desireN)respectG)diversityO）widenH)escapeSectioｎBPａsｓagｅoneQueｓｔioｎ57to61ａreｂasedonｔhｅfoｌｌowinｇpａssａｇe.Ｉfｙou’ｒｅamaｌｅanｄｙou’ｒeｒeadingthis,conｇratuｌaｔioｎs:ｙｏu’ｒeａsurviｖor．Aｃｃordiｎgｔostatistiｃs，yoｕ’ｒｅｍoreｔｈaｎｔwiceａslikelytｏdieoｆsｋiｎcａncｅrｔhaｎａｗomａn，ａndnｉneｔimeｓmｏreｌikｅｌytodiｅofＡＩDS.Aｓｓumingyouｍaｋeittotheendofｙournaturａlteｒm,about７8ｙearsfoｒmeninAｕｓtraｌia，yｏｕ’lｌｄieonaverａgefiveｙearsbeｆoreａwoman．Therｅ’ｒemaｎｙreasonsforｔhis---typically，meｎtａkｅmｏrerisksthaｎwｏmenandarｅｍorｅlikelytodrinｋanｄsmｏｋｅ—bｕtperhapｓｍoreimpoｒtantly,ｍendｏｎ’ｔgotｏtheｄｏctor．“ｍeｎａren’ｔseｅingｄoctｏrsasofｔenasｔheyｓhoｕld,”saysＤr.Gullottａ.“thisispａrticulaｒｌｙsoｆｏrtheover-40s,whendiseasestendｔｏｓｔrike.”Gｕlloｔtasayahealthymanshoulｄｖｉsitthedocｔorｅｖerｙyearorｔwo.Ｆortｈosｅoｖｅr４５，itshｏｕｌdbeaｔleastｏncｅayear.TwomoｎtｈｓagoGuｌｌottａsaｗa50-yｅａｒ-ｏldｍａnwhｏhａｄｄｅlayeddoｉｎgaｎythｉngabｏuthisｓmｏker’sｃoughｆorayear.“wheｎI(lǐng)fiｎalｌysawhimｉｔhaｄalｒeadysprｅadandhｅhassiｎｃedｉedfroｍlｕｎgcancｅr,”hesaｙs．“Eaｒlierdetecｔionandtreatmeｎtmayｎｏtｈavecｕreｄｈiｍｂutiｔｗouｌｄｈａveｐroloｎｇeｄｈiｓliｆe.”Accｏrdiｎgtoareｃｅｎｔsuｒｖｅy,95％oｆwｏmeｎageｄｂｅｔween15ａndｅarly4０ｓｓeeadｏctoronceayear,comparｅｄto70％oｆmeniｎthｅｓaｍeaｇegroup.“Ａloｔofｍenｔｈｉnｋthey’ｒeinｖｉncｉble(不可戰(zhàn)勝的）,”Gullaｔtａsays.“ｔｈeｙonｌyｃomeｉnｗｈenafrienｄdroｐsdeaｄｏｎtheｇoｌｆcoｕrseａnｄtheｙｔhiｎk，’Geｅz,ifitcouｌdhaｐpｅntohim,……’”Thenｔheｒe’ｓｔｈeostricｈapproach.”Somemeｎareｓcａredoｆwｈatmｉghtbｅtherｅandwoulｄratｈｅrｎotｋnoｗ，”sayｓDr.ＲossCartｍｉll.“mｏsｔmengettheircａrssｅｒvｉｃeｄmorｅregularlytｈanｔhｅｙｓerｖicetheiｒboｄｉｅs，”Garmillsays.Ｈebｅｌiｅｖｅsmostdｉseａsｅstｈａt(yī)cｏmmonｌyａｆfectｍencoulｄbeaddｒｅssedbypｒeveｎtiｖecheck－upｓ.Ｒegulaｒｃheck-ｕsfoｒmｅｎwouｌdiｎevitaｂｌylａｃesｔrainｏnthepubliｃpurse,Ｃａrtmillsays.“buｔprevenｔｉoniｓｃhｅaperintｈｅlonｇrｕnthaｎhａvingｔotｒeaｔthｅdisease.Besidｅｓ,theultimａt(yī)ecoｓtiｓfargreａt(yī)ｅr:it’scallｅｄprｅmatｕrｅdeaｔｈ．”注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答５７.Wｈydoesｔhｅautｈｏrcongｒａt(yī)ｕlａt(yī)ehismaleｒeａｄeｒsaｔthebegiｎningofｔｈeｐassagｅ？A)TｈeyaｒｅmorelikeｌｙtosｕrviｖeｓｅriousdｉseaｓｅstoｄａｙB)ＴheiravｅragelifｅｓｐaｎhａsbｅｅnconsiｄerablyeｘteｎdedＣ)ＴhｅyhａvelivｅdlongenｏughtoreaｄtｈisarticｌｅD)Tｈeyaｒesｕretｏenjｏyaｌongeｒandhappiｅrlifｅ５8．Whatdoｅstheautｈorｓｔａｔeisthemosｔiｍｐortantｒｅasonmｅndiｅfｉvｅyearｓearlieroｎａvｅｒagethaｎwomeｎ?A)mendrｉｎkandsmokemｕｃhmｏｒethanwomｅｎB)meｎｄon’ｔseekmedｉｃalcareaｓofｔenaswomenC)menaｒen’ｔascautiｏusaswomｅniｎfａceofdaｎｇerD)menareｍorelｉｋelytosuｆferfｒｏmfataldｉseａｓe５９.Wｈicｈoｆtｈefｏllowｉngｂesｔcompｌetｅｓtｈesｅｎｔeｎｃe“Ｇｅe(cuò)ｚ,ｉｆiｔcｏuldｈappentohim,.．.”(line2,paｒa．８)A)itcouldhappeｎtｏｍe,toｏB)IｓhouldavｏiｄplaｙiｎgｇolｆＣ)IｓhｏuｌｄconｓidermyselｆlｕckyD)ｉtwouｌdｂeaｂigmisfｏrtune60．wｈatｄoesDr.RｏｓsCarｔmillｍeａnｂｙ“ｔheostrichapｐｒｏach“(Line1，Ｐara9)A）Acausｅatｔitudetｏwardsoｎe’sheaｌthｃonｄｉtioｎsB)AｎewtheｒaｐｙforcerｔaiｎpsｙchｏloｇicalproblemｓC）ＲｅfuｓａｌtｏgeｔmedｉcalｔreatmeｎｔforfeａrｏfthepaｉnｉｎvolvｅdD)Ｕｎwillinｇnesstofiｎdoutaｂｏｕtoｎe’sdｉseaseｂeｃaｕseoffear61.ＷｈaｔdoesCartmiｌlsaｙａbｏutregｕｌarｃｈeck-uｐsfｏrｍen?A)TheyｍaｙｉncreaseｐublicexpeｎsｅB)TheywilｌｓａvemｏneyiｎthelonｇrunＣ）TｈeymayｃａusｅpｓyｃhologｉcaｌｓtraiｎsｏｎｍenD）ＴhｅywiｌlｅnablemeｎtoliｖeasloｎｇaｓwomenPassagetwｏQuesｔion62ｔo66arebasedonthefollowingpaｓｓage.Hiｇｈ-qualｉtyｃuｓtoｍerserｖiceisprｅａcｈｅdｂymany,butactuallyｋｅe(cuò)pinｇｃｕｓtoｍｅrsｈappyiseasｉeｒsaidthandonｅ.Shoppｅrsseldomcoｍplａiｎtotｈemａnagerorｏｗｎｅrofａｒetailstｏｒe,ｂuｔinsteadwillalｅrttheｉrfriends,ｒelａｔiveｓ,co－workｅrs，stranｇersandanyｏｎewｈowiｌlliｓten.Stoｒemａnaｇｅｒsａreofteｎthelaｓｔtoｈeａrcｏmplaiｎts，ａnｄoftｅnfindoutｏnlyｗhenthｅirreｇulaｒcustomersdeｃiｄｅtｏfrｅqueｎtｔheircompetｉtors,ａccoｒｄiｎｇtostudyｊointｌyconductedbｙＶeｒｄeGｒouｐａndWharｔｏｎ“stｏrytellinghｕｒtsrｅtaｉlerｓandenｔeｒｔainsconsumeｒｓ”sａiｄPａulaCｏurtｎey,PｒesｉdeｎtｏftｈeVerdｅGrouｐ.“Thｅsｔoreｌosersthecustomer,ｂｕtｔhｅshoppeｒｍuｓtａlｓoｆindaｒeplaｃｅｍｅnt”Ｏnａverage,ｅｖeryuｎhappｙcustoｍeｒwilｌcomplａintoatｌｅaｓtfouｒothers，andｗiｌlnoｌonｇervisiｔthespeｃificsｔoｒe．Forevｅrydisｓatｉｓｆieｄｃｕstomｅr,asｔorewiｌlｌosｅupｔothｒｅe(cuò)moｒeｄueｔonegaｔｉvｅreｖｉｅws.Tｈerｅsｕltｉｎg“snｏwｂalｌｅffect”caｎｂｅdisastｒoustoretaileｒs.Ａｃcordingtotｈereｓｅarｃｈ,sｈopperwhopurｃhasedｃloｔhingencｏunｔｅredtｈｅmosｔpｒoblemRanｋedｓecondandthiｒdwｅreｇroceryaｎｄｅlｅcｔronicsｃusｔｏmｅｒs.Theｍｏｓtcommｏnｃｏmplaintsincludefilｌｅdparｋinglots,clutteredsheｌvｅsoverｌoadedraｃks，ouｔ-ｏf-stockｉtems,loｎgcｈｅcｋ－ｏｕtlinｅs，andrudｅsalｅｓpeｏｐle.Durinｇpeａksｈoppingｈours,soｍeｒeｔailerssｏlvedthepａrkingｐrｏblemsｂygetｔingmｏoｎlightｉng(業(yè)余兼職的)localｐｏｌicetoworkａsparｋingatteｎdanｔs.Ｓomehiredflagｗａverｓtｏdiｒectcusｔomeｒｓtoeｍpｔyｐarkinｇspaces.Thｉsguｉdanceelｉminaｔedthenｅｅｄfoｒcuｓtomerstocircletheparkinｇlｏtenｄｌeｓsly,ａndavｏｉｄｅdconfrｏntationbetweenthoｓeeyeingthesamepaｒkinｇｓｐａce.Ｒeｔaｉlｅrscanｒelievｅtheｈeaｄａｃhesｂyrｅｄeｓigｎingｓｔｏｒeｌaｙｏｕts,pre-sｔockｉngｓａleｓｉtｅms,hiringspeｅdyandexpeｒiｅnｃedｃaｓｈｉeｒs,andhavingsaleｓｒepreseｎtatiｖｅsonhanｄtoaｎswerquestion．Moｓtimportａnｔly,ｓａlｅｓpｅopleshｏuldｂedｉplomaticａndpolitｅwｉthaｎgｒｙｃustｏmeｒs．“Rｅtａｉlerswho’ｅｒrespoｎsｉｖeaｎdfrｉｅｎdｌyaremorｅlikｅlytosｍootｈoverｉssｕｅｓthaｎthｏsewhoareｎ’tsｏfrｉendlｙ,“sａｉdproｆessorSteｐhｅnHｏch.”Mａybeｓｏmethiｎgａssimpｌeasａｇreｅtｅrａt(yī)thestｏreentｒancewouｌdhelp.“Ｃustomerｓｃanalsoｉｍｐroveｆuturｅshｏpｐingeｘperieｎcｅsbyfiｌｉｎgｃｏｍplaiｎｔｓtｏｔheretaｉlｅr,insteadoｆcｏmplaｉninｇｔotｈeｒestｏｆｔｈeworld.Retａilersarehaｒd-pressｅdtoimprovewhenｔheｙｈａcenｏideaｗｈatiswroｎg.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。62.Ｗhｙaｒｅｓtｏremanagersoｆteｎtｈelasttoｈｅarcomｐｌaints？A)Ｍoｓｔcｕｓtomerswon’tbｏthｅrtocomｐｌａiｎevｅnifｔｈeyhavehadunhａpｐyｅxｐeriences.B)Cuｓtoｍersｗoulｄrａt(yī)herrelａt(yī)ethｅｉｒuｎhaｐpyexperiｅｎｃestｏｐｅｏplearouｎdthｅｍ.C)FｅｗcustomersｂelｉevethｅservicｅｗillbｅｉmpｒoｖｅdD)cusｔｏmeｒshaｖｅnoｅａsyaccesstoｓｔorｅｍａnagerｓ63．ｗhａｔdｏesPauｌａＣoｕｒtneyimplｙbysaｙing”...theｓhｏpperｍustaｌsｏfindarｅpｌacemｅｎｔ”（Liｎｅ2,Ｐｒa.4）A)NewcuｓtoｍersarebouｎdｔoｒeｐlａceolｄonesB)Itiｓｎotliｋelｙtｈeｓhｏｐｐeｒcanｆinｄｔhesameproductsonoｔeｒｓtoｒes.Ｃ)MoststoresｐrovｉdethesａmekｉｎdoｆserviceD）Notcomplａinｉｎｇtothｅmａｎagercauseｔheｓhｏｐpersｏｍeｔroｕｂleｔoo.64.Shopownerｓoftenｈｉreｍoonｌiｇhtingpoliｃeasｐarｋingattｅndaｎtssoｔhatshｏppeｒ_＿＿.A)caｎｓｔaylongeｒbrowｓingiｎtｈｅstｏｒｅB)ｗｏn’ｔhａvｅtroublepaｒkingtheirｃarsC)won’thaveanywoｒｒiesabｏutsｅcuriｔyD)ｃanfｉnｄtｈeｉrcarsｅasilyaftershoｐpiｎｇ65．Ｗhatcｏntributesmosttｏsmoothinｇｏｖerisｓueswiｔhcｕsｔoｍers?Ａ)ＭanｎeｒｓｏftheｓalespeｏｐｌeB)Hiringoｆｅｆｆiciｅnteｍｐloyｅe(cuò)sＣ）HuｇesupｐｌyｏfgoodｓforsaleD)Desigｎｏfsｔｏｒelayout66.Toaｃhievebｅｔtｅｒshopｐingexperiences,ｃuｓtｏmersareadvｉｓedｔo___A)exertpressurｅonstoretｏimpｒoｖｅｔheirserviｃｅB)settlｅtheirｄispｕteswithstoresｉnadｉploｍaticwayＣ)vｏｉcetheirdisｓatｉsfactｉoｎtostorｅmanａgersdｉreｃtｌｙD)shoparｏundandｍａkｅcomparisoｎｓbｅtｗeeｎstoreｓ答案:47．F本空應(yīng)當(dāng)填入名詞。根據(jù)后一句“因此，學(xué)習(xí)者必須擁有書本，并且應(yīng)當(dāng)是恰當(dāng)?shù)臅?以滿足他們的需要”可以判斷,本句應(yīng)當(dāng)是“人們對(duì)書本有天然的需要”,故填入[F]desire。48.K空格前為動(dòng)詞turn,空格后為介詞ｔo，turnto是固定搭配，所以中間分隔的單詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是副詞。選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)副詞,根據(jù)意思應(yīng)填入[Ｋ]natｕraｌly,意思為“讀者自然會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向書本”。49.H根據(jù)空格前后的介詞判斷應(yīng)當(dāng)填入動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不定式。結(jié)合下文意思，應(yīng)填入[Ｈ］escape，escapeｆｒｏｍ是固定搭配,意為“逃離”。整句話的意思為“他們與別人分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)的渴望,以及他們逃離自身有限環(huán)境的需要,指引他們到書本中尋找思想和靈魂的食糧”。50.Ｇ空格前為不定冠詞a，應(yīng)填入名詞。空格后有連詞ａnd,表達(dá)并列關(guān)系，因此要填入的名詞的意思應(yīng)根據(jù)and后的表達(dá)來判斷。aｎｄ后有ｏtherways(其他形式)，故空格處應(yīng)填入[Ｇ］diveｒsitｙ（多樣化)。51．N空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不定式,并和后面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成搭配。動(dòng)詞中只有[N]respｅｃt(尊敬)符合句意。本句的意思為“他們會(huì)看到人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)的多樣性，并開始尊重其他思維方式和生活方式”。５2．I本題考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由于主句成分完整,所以空格應(yīng)當(dāng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,并與空格后的名詞詞組構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)－iｎg形式的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,從意思上判斷應(yīng)當(dāng)填入[I］eｓtabｌｉshinｇ(建立)，指“在建立他們自己和生活的關(guān)系以及對(duì)生活的回應(yīng)時(shí)”。53．B本空應(yīng)填入從句的主語(yǔ),故應(yīng)選擇名詞。根據(jù)空格后的ｓtories判斷填入的名詞應(yīng)當(dāng)與故事有關(guān)聯(lián)，所以應(yīng)填入[B]ｃharactｅｒ(角色)。本句的意思為“讀者往往發(fā)現(xiàn)故事中的角色會(huì)經(jīng)歷相似的調(diào)整,有助于他們理清和尋求自身的意義”。５4.A本空應(yīng)填入形容詞,修飾material。對(duì)的答案為[A]ａbundant（充足的)。本句的意思為“書本提供充足的材料讓讀者展開想象”。5５.O本空應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文的賓語(yǔ)ouｔｌｏok(視野）,應(yīng)填入［O］widen(拓寬)。56．M空格前為名詞ｌｅisure(空閑時(shí)間),該句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，因此應(yīng)填入副詞。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)填入［M]proｐｅrly(恰本地)。整句話的意思為“當(dāng)他們有了豐富的想象力的時(shí)候,書本會(huì)拓寬他們的視野，培養(yǎng)一種尋找事實(shí)的態(tài)度，并訓(xùn)練他們恰本地運(yùn)用空閑時(shí)間”。SectioｎBPassageOｎe５7.A推理題。定位到文章第一段，文章第一段講述了男性往往比女性更容易患病早亡，并列舉了一些數(shù)據(jù)。因此假如男性讀者可以讀到第一段，便是有幸躲過嚴(yán)重疾病的人。相應(yīng)的對(duì)的答案為[A],即由于他們現(xiàn)在更有也許在經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的疾病之后活下來。［Ｂ]和[D]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤在于文章并沒有提及壽命的延長(zhǎng);[C]為強(qiáng)干擾性選項(xiàng)，錯(cuò)在僅反復(fù)了文章首句的字面意思,而沒有進(jìn)一步理解作者的意圖。58.B細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話。原文中的morｅiｍｐortaｎtlｙ相應(yīng)題干中的moｓtimportａntreason。本題考察的是對(duì)比關(guān)系,答案選[B]“男人不像女人同樣頻繁地求助于醫(yī)療”。文章第二段提到ｍeｎtａｋemｏreｒiskstｈａnwoｍenandaremｏrelikelytodｒiｎkａndsｍoｋe，但是注意本題問的是theｍｏstimportａｎtreason，由破折號(hào)及其后的butperhapsmorｅimpoｒtａntlｙ,可以輕松排除[A]和[Ｃ];而選項(xiàng)［Ｄ］的內(nèi)容在原文中與題干內(nèi)容是并列關(guān)系，而非因果關(guān)系。5９．A推理題。本題考核對(duì)句子隱含意思的理解。根據(jù)原文的意思,可以判斷本句是條件關(guān)系，因此可以判斷“假如會(huì)在他身上發(fā)生”,后面省略的應(yīng)當(dāng)是“也會(huì)在我身上發(fā)生”,故[A]選項(xiàng)為對(duì)的答案。該題屬于四級(jí)閱讀中并不多見的把句子補(bǔ)充完整的考法,其實(shí)質(zhì)是考察考生對(duì)句子意思的推斷性理解。60．D語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第九段。語(yǔ)義題的做法是根據(jù)相鄰的句子判斷所考察單詞、詞組或句子的意思。ｏstricｈapproａch后面的句子對(duì)這個(gè)詞組