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2023年6月英語四級真題第三套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.……PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionASignsbarringcell-phoneuseareafamiliarsighttoanyonewhohaseversatinahospitalwaitingroom.Butthe_____(dá)(26)popularityofelectronicmedicalrecordshasforcedhospital-baseddoctorstobecome_____(27)oncomputersthroughouttheday,anddesktops-whichkeepdoctorsfrombesides-are___(dá)__(28)givingwaytowirelessdevices.Asclericalloadsincreased,"somethinghadto___(dá)__(29),andthatwasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,"saysDr.BhaktiPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'sinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2023,shehelped___(dá)__(dá)(30)apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso_____(dá)(31)thatallinternal-medicineprogramadoptedthesame__(dá)___(dá)(32)in2023.MedicalschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums."You'llwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthis"isthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats____(dá)_(33)withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand_____(34)fasteriftheywerecaredforbyiPad-equippedresidents.Manypatientsalso____(dá)_(35)abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.A.dependent? B.designed ?C.fast ?D.flyingE.gained? F.give G.growing ? H.launchI.policy??? J.prospect???K.rather ? L.reliableM.signal? ?N.successful? O.treatmentsSectionBAncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuidelinestoGoodLife[A]Isitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthat(yī)isincreasinglychallengedbythreat(yī)sanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:AncientWisdomfromtheGree(cuò)kPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-authoredbyLongIslandUniversity'sphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomicsprofessorPanosMourdoukoutas.[B]ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago."Thereisnoexpiration(失效)dateonwisdom,"hesays"Thereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthat(yī)thingshavebecomeverygloomytheseday,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(詭辯).ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthat(yī)theytendedtosee(cuò)lifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday."Examineyourlife[C]Soupies,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy-Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.Thefirstrule-examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlat(yī)o'sobservat(yī)ionthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving."TheGreekarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions(信念),"hesays."Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships."Stopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrol[D]Aswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRuleNo.2:Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol."TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus,"hesays."AndwhattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis.Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimerisionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan."[E]So,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol."IcannotcontrolwhetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,forexample."Hesays."Imean,therearesomecautioussteps.Icantake,butultimatelyIcannotguarantee(cuò)myselfthat.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwasterfulandirrat(yī)ional.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingswhichyoucangenuinelycontrol."Seektruepleasure[F]Tohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle-astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelat(yī)ionshipsdon'tqualifyastruefriendships."JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelat(yī)ionship,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthat(yī)thispersonismyfriend."Soupiossays."Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.ItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypocticimagethatAristotleoffers."[G]Inourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures-advicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurus.ButunlikethemoderndefinitionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence(放縱)andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalcase.[H]"ThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans."Soupiossays."Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrat(yī)eonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinmentalandspiritual,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthegighestformofhappinessandpleasure."Dogoodtoothers[I]Othergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous(發(fā)跡的)fool.Therearealsorulesdealingwithinterpersonalrelat(yī)ionships.Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothers.[J]"ThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,"Soupiossays."Hesiodoffersanidea-whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeoftheword'sgreat(yī)religions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamanothers-thatinsomesense,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindofself-inflicted(自己招致的)spiritualwound."[K]Instead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleNo.10foragoodlifeisthat(yī)kindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.[L]"ThisisAesop,thefabulist(寓言家),themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelat(yī)ionships."Hesays."IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing.Onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddee(cuò)d.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyougooddeed.Attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment."[M]Soupiossayfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalifeworthliving.36.AccordingtoanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.37.AncientPhilosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.38.Notallyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.49.Wecanliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.40.Thedoerofagooddeedcanfee(cuò)lspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheygainnoconcretebenefits.41.Howtoachievemeat(yī)alcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsiderat(yī)iontoday.42.MichaelSoupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.43.Ancientphilosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.44.ThewiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.45.Doharmtoothersandyoudoharmtoyourself.SectionCPassageOneAttitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerat(yī)ionaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.Thefacethatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformat(yī)ivetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet-butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.Actually,thisisn'tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimereluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneoftheclassicuseeasesfordriverlesscars.Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelat(yī)edtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation,59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivesincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas.Whilethere'sreasontobelievethat(yī)interestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,aperson'sagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbebecomingmainstream.Oncedriverlesscaresareactuallyavailableforsafe,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocanaffordtobuythem.46.Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyemerges?A.Itfurtherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.B.Itoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelat(yī)edfields.C.Itcontributegreat(yī)lytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.D.Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.47.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?A.Itdoesnotsee(cuò)mtocreateagenerat(yī)ionaldivide.B.Itwillnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.C.Itmaystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.D.Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.48.Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?A.Itsavestheirenergy.???? ?B.Ithelpswiththeirmobility.C.Itaddstothesafetyoftheirtravel. ??D.Itstirsuptheirinterestinlife.49.What(yī)islikelytoaffectone'sattitudetowardthedriverlesscar?A.Thelocationoftheirresidence. ? B.TheamountoftheirspecialinterestC.Theamountoftrainingtheyreceived.? D.Thelengthoftheirdrivingexperience.50.Whoarelikelytobethefirsttobuythedriverlesscar?A.Thesenior. B.Theeducated. C.TheweaIthy.? D.Thetechfans.PassageTwoInagrarian(農(nóng)業(yè)的),pre-industrialEurope,"you'dwanttowakeupearly,startworkingwiththesunrise,haveabreaktohavethelargestmeal,andthenyou'dgobacktowork,"saysKenA(yù)lbala,aprofessorofhistoryattheUniversityofthePacific,"Later,at5or6,you'dhaveasmallersupper."Thiscomfortablecycle,inwhichtherhythmsofthedayhelpedshapetherhythmsofthemeals,gaverisetothecustomofthelargemiddaymeal,eatenwiththeextendedfamily,"Mealarethefoundationofthefamily,'saysCaroleCouniban.aprofessorat(yī)MillersvilleUniversityinPeensylvania,"sotherewasaveryimportantinterconnectionbetwee(cuò)neatingtogether"andstrength-eat(yī)ingfamilyties.Sinceindustrialization,maintainingsuchaslowculturalmetabolismhasbeenmuchharder.Withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingtowhatevercouldbestuffedintoalunchbucketorboughtatafoodstand.Certainly,therewerebenefits.Moderntechniquesforproducingandshippingfoodledtogreatervarietyandquantity,includingat(yī)remendous,increaseintheamountofanimalproteinanddairyproductsavailable,makingusmorevigorousthanourancestors.Yetplentyhasbeenlosttoo,eveninculturesthatstilllivetoeat.TakeItaly.It'snosecretthattheMediterraneandietishealthy,butitwasalsoajoytoprepareandcat.Italians,saysCounihan,traditionallybeganthedaywithasmallmeal.Thebigmealcameataround1p.m.Inbetweenthemiddaymealandalate,smallerdinnercameasmallsnack.Today,whentimezoneshavelessandlessmeaning,thereislittletoleranceforoffices'closingforlunch,andworseningtrafficincitiesmeansworkerscan'tmakeithomeandbackfastenoughanyway.Sotheformerlysmallsupperaftersundownbecomesthebigmealoftheday.theonlyoneat(yī)whichthefamilyhasachancetogettogether."Theeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadovertwomeals"saysCounihan.51.What(yī)dowelearnfromthepassageaboutpeopleinpre-industrialEurope?A.Theyhadtoworkfromearlymorningtilllateatnight.B.Theyweresobusyworkingthat(yī)theyonlyatesimplemeals.C.Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.D.Theirlifewasmuchmorecomfortablethanthatoftoday.52.WhatdoesProfessorCaroleCounihansayabout.pre-industrialEuropeanfamilieseatingmealstogether?A.Itwashelpfultomaintaininganation'stradition.B.Itbroughtfamilymemberscloserstoeachother.C.Itwascharacteristicoftheagrarianculture.D.Itenabledfamiliestosavealotofmoney.53.Whatdoes"culturalmetabolism"(Line1,Para.3)referto?A.Evolutionaryadaptation. B.Changesinlifestyle.C.Socialprogress. ?D.Paceoflife.54.What(yī)doestheauthorthinkofthefoodpeopleeattoday?A.Itsqualityisusuallyguaranteed. ?B.Itisvaried,abundantandnutritious.C.Itismorecostlythanwhatourancestorsate.?D.Itsproductiondependstoomuchontechnology.55.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutItaliansoftheolddays.A.Theyenjoyedcookingaswellaseating. B.Theyateabigdinnerlateinthee(cuò)vening.C.Theyatethreemealsregularlyeveryday.??D.Theywereexpertatcookingmeals.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslat(yī)eapassagefromChineseintoEnglish。YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET2。烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn),坐落在京杭大運(yùn)河畔。這是一處迷人的地方,有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館。在過去的一千年里,烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化,是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建造。數(shù)百年來,本地人沿著河邊建起了住宅和集市。無數(shù)寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間,游客們每到一處都會(huì)有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritetoalettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldstatethereasonsandwriteatleast120word
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