2023年考研英語(yǔ)二年真題

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Customeｒｓbelieｖｅｉntippinｇbecausetheytｈｉｎkiｔmakesecoｎomicsense.＂Ｗaiterｓknｏwtｈattheywｏn'tｇetpaidifthｅyｄｏn'tdoagoodjob"ishowmｏstadvocaｔesｏfｔｈesysteｍwoｕldputiｔ.Tobesure,thiｓisａｔempting,appareｎｔlyrａｔionalstａt(yī)ｅmeｎｔabouｔecoｎomｉctheory,bｕｔitａｐpearstohavelitｔｌｅaｐplｉｃａbilitｙtoｔhｅrealworｌdｏｆｒeｓtauｒａｎts.ＭichaelＬynn,anａｓｓoｃiateｐrｏfeｓｓorofconsuｍerｂeｈavioｒａnｄmarketiｎｇａt(yī)Ｃorneｌl'ｓSｃhoｏloｆHotelAdmｉnistrａt(yī)ion,hａsconductｅddozensｏfsｔuｄｅntsoftｉpｐingaｎdhａscoｎｃludedｔｈaｔｃonsumersasseｓsｍeｎtsofｔhequａlityoｆｓerviceｃorrelaｔｅwｅaklｙtothｅａmounttheｙtip.Rather，cusｔomersarｅlikeｌytotipmoｒeiｎreｓpｏnｓeｔoseｒｖerstｏuchingthｅmlighｔlｙandleaningfｏrｗaｒdneｘtｔｏthｅtaｂlｅtoｍａｋｅcoｎｖeｒsatｉonthanｔohoｗoftｅntheirｗaterglasｓisrｅfiｌleｄ--inotherwｏｒｄs，customerｓtipｍorｅwｈentheｙｌiｋeｔheseｒｖer,noｔwhentheserviｃeisｇood.Mr.Lyｎn'ssｔudiesalｓoiｎｄicａt(yī)ethaｔmalｅcustｏｍersincreaｓetｈｅirtiｐsfｏrfemalesｅｒverｓｗhｉｌeｆemalecustoｍeｒｓｉｎcreasetheirｔiｐｓfｏrmａｌesｅrvｅrs，.What＇smore，.cｏnｓumeｒｓseemｔoforgｅｔｔｈaｔtｈetipｉncrｅａsesastheｂillinｃreases.Ｔhus，tｈetippingsystemisanｏｐｅｎinviｔaｔiontoｗhatreｓtauraｎtprｏfessionａlsｃａll"ｕpｗelｌing"：eｖｅrybottｌｅｏfimpｏrtｅdwatｅｒ,evｅryｅspｒessｏanｄeveｒycocktａilｉｓeｘtramoｎeyinｔheserver＇sｐｏcket.Aggressｉvｅｕｐwelliｎｇfｏrtipsｉsoftenrewａrdeｄwｈilｅｌow-ｋeｙ,ｑuａlityserviceoｆｔengoesuｎrecogｎｉzed.Inadｄition,theprａcｔｉcｅoｆｔippooｌing,whichｉstｈｅnｏrｍｉｎfine-diningrestauｒantsandisｂeｃｏminｇmｏreｉnｅveｒyｋindofrestａurａntａbovethelｅvｅlｏｆagreａsyｓpoon,ｈaｓrｕｉnedwhaｔｅｖｅreｆfectvotingwitｈyourｔiｐmiｇｈｔｈａｖehadｏｎanindividualwaｉｔeｒ.Inanｕｎｒeasoｎablｅouｔcomｅ,youarepuｎishｉnｇthｅgooｄｗａｉtersintheｒeｓｔaｕrantｂyｎｏttippｉnｇｔｈｅbadｏｎｅ.Indｅe(cuò)d,ｔhereaｐpｅartｏbeｌittｌeｃonneｃｔｉｏnｂetweeｎtiｐpingandgoｏdseｒvicｅ.５1.ＩtmａybeinfｅrrｅdthaｔaEuroｐeaｎ-styｌeｓｅｒｖice_＿_(dá)___．A.istiｐｐing－fｒeｅＢ.charｇｅｓlittｌetipC.isthｅａuthoｒ'sinｉｔｉａt(yī)ｉveD.isofferedａt(yī)Per-se52.WｈiｃhofthefｏlｌowingiｓNOTtruｅａｃｃoｒdｉngtotheauthｏｒ.A.Tipｐinｇisacｏmｍonpracticeintherestaurantworld．B.Waiｔerｓdon'ｔcarｅabouttｉpｐingC．Customersgenerａllybｅlievｅｉntippiｎg.Ｄ.Tipｐiｎｇhasliｔｔlecｏnneｃｔionｗｉｔhthｅｑuａlｉtyofseｒvice.5３.AccoｒdingtoＭｉｃｈaelLynｎ'sｓtudieｓ,waiterswilllikelygetｍｏｒeｔipsiftｈey＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿A．haveｐｅｒformedgoodserviceB.frｅｑuentlyreｆillｃuｓtoｍers'ｗatｅrglasｓC．ｗincuｓtomers'favorD．seｒvｅcｕｓtｏｍersoftｈｅsａmeseｘ54．Ｗｅmaｙinｆerｆromthecontextｔhat"ｕpｗeｌling＂(Line2,Para6)proｂablyｍｅaｎs_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿＿A.sｅlｌingｓｏmethingupB.ｓellinｇsomｅthiｎｇfanｃyC.selｌiｎgｓｏmetｈinｇunnecessaryD.sｅlｌｉnｇsomethingｍoreexｐensｉve55.Tｈispassageismaｉnlyａｂout___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_Ａ.rｅａsoｎstｏaboliｓhthepｒａcｔiｃeofｔippｉｎgB．eｃonoｍicｓｅnseofｔipｐingC.coｎsumers'ａt(yī)titudestowａrdstippingD.tippiｎｇfｏｒgoｏdseｒvｉｃｅQuesｔioｎs5６to6０areｂａsｅdonthefollowｉngpaｓsage:"Ipｒomｉse．＂＂Isｗeaｒtoｙouit＇llneverhappenａgaｉn."＂Iｇｉveyoumywｏrd."＂Hoｎｅstly.Beliｅvｅme.＂Surｅ,Iｔruｓt.WhｙnotIｔeacｈＥｎｇliｓhｃomｐoｓitionataprivateｃollｅｇｅ.Ｗithacerｔaineｘcitｅｍｅnｔａndｉnｔeｎｓity．Ｉreadmyｓtudents＇eｓｓays,hopiｎgｔofindtｈeperｓｏnbehｉndｔhｅｐen.Aseachsemeｓterprｏｇresseｓ,plagｉariｓm（抄襲）appeａrs.NotｏｎlｙiｓmyintelligenｃeiｎsultedasoneaｓｓｕmesIｗon＇tdｅtectaｐolｉsｈedpieceofproｓefromａｎotherwｉｓe-averaｇewriｔｅr,ｂutIfeeｌasadnｅsｓthatastｕdeｎthａsreｓortｅdｔobｕｙinｇapaperｆrｏmaｐｅe(cuò)ｒ.Ｗｒitershaveｓtｙlｅslikefingerｐｒiｎtｓanｄaｆterｓｅverａlassignments,Icanmａt(yī)chastudenｔ'sworkｗithｈｉｓorｈernamｅe(cuò)ｖeniｆit＇sｍissingfroｍｔheｕｐpeｒleｆt-handｃorner．Whyislearｎingｌessiｍporｔanｔｔｈaｎａhｉgｈerｇｒａｄｅ-pｏintａvｅrage（GPA）Ｗhｅnｗe'rethreatenedｏrsick,wemakeconditionalpｒomises.＂ＩfｙouleｔmepａｓsｍａｔhIwill….""Lord,ifyougｅtｍeovertｈiｓｂefoｒeｔhebighomecominggamｅI'ｌl…."Oｎｃeｔhesｉｔuationisbｅｈindｕs，soareｔheproｍises.Humaｎnａt(yī)urePerhaps,butweｄousｅthaｔcｌiché（陳詞濫調(diào)）toｇeｔusoutofｕncomfoｒｔaｂｌebaｒgains.Diｖinｅinteｒferｅncｅdurｉｎgdｉsｔressisasked;gratｉｔuｄeisuｎｐaiｄ.Afterａll,fewfulfillthecontract,sowhｙshoｕlｄanyonebeｔheexcepｔｉon.WhynotSｉxyearｓagｏ,Itookastudentｂｅfoｒｅthedeａn.ＨehａｄturｎedinanｅssaｙwiththevocaｂｕlaｒyanｄｓentｅｎceｓｔructｕrｅofPhDｔhesis．Upuntｉｌthaｔtime，ｂoｔhhisoｕt-of-clａssandｉn-classwｏrkwerebordｅrlinepassing.IquestioｎｅｄｔhepｅｒsonregａrｄｉｎghiｓｅssaｙandｈeｓwｏreitI'dunｄeｒｓtandtｈｉｓcopｙｗouldｎｏthaｖeｔhｅtimeａndaｔｔenｔiｏnａnout-of-cｌasｓpaｐeｒｉsgiｖen,ｂuthehaｄalｒeadyａfｉｎisheｄpieｃesｏｈｅuｎdeｒstoodｗｈａt(yī)wａｓasked．Heｓaｔoneｈｏuｒ,thｅｎｔurnedinparｔofapａｇeofunｓkｉｌledｗritingandfａｕltyｌogｉｃ.Iconｆｒｏnｔedｈimｗithbotｈesｓaｙｓ."Ipromiｓｅ….,I'mnｏtlyｉnｇ.IswｅartoyouthatIwrｏtethｅe(cuò)sｓay．I'mjuｓtnｅrvoustｏday.＂TheheaｄｏftheEnｇlishdｅpａrtmeｎtａｇreedwithmyfindiｎg,andthｅmeetingｗiｔｈｔhedeanｈadthｅｂoy'ｓｐarentsｐrｅｓenｔ．Ａfteranhｏurｏfdiｓcussｉｏn，toｕchinｇonｅiｇhtｏｆtｈeboy＇ｓｐreｖiouｓｅssａysandhisgrａde-pointavｅraｇe,ｗhｉｃｈindｉｃatedｈewａsalreaｄyｏnacadeｍｉcpｒｏbatｉon(留校察看),tｈedeanagｒeｅdｔｈａt(yī)ｔheｓtｕdenthａdｐlagiarｉzed．Ｈｉsｐａrｅntsｐｒoteｓted,"He'sonlyaｃｈｉld＂anｄｗｅｉｎstruｃtｏrｓaｒewｉsｅrａndsｈouldｂecompａssioｎatｅ．Collegepeoｐlｅaｒｅnotreallychildｒenａndmoｓttimeｓwoulｄｒeseｎｔbeinglabｅledａsｓｕｃｈ….Ｅxｃeptintｈｉｓuncoｍfortａblｅciｒcｕmstance．56.Acｃｏrdinｇtotheauthor,studentsｃomｍitplａgｉarisｍｍaiｎlｙfor_＿＿_(dá)_.A.moneyB.deｇreeC．hｉgｈerGPAＤ．reｐuｔation57.thesentenｃe"Oｎceｔhesituaｔiｏｎiｓbehｉnduｓ,ｓoａrｅthepromises＇impliesthat＿_(dá)______＿．A.studenｔｓｕｓualｌｙkeｅpthｅiｒpromｉseｓB．sｏmesｔudentstｅｎdｔoｂreaktｈeirprｏmｉｓeｓC．ｔｈｅｐromisesarｅaｌｗａysｂehindｔh