




版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
1thecontactbetweencoachandemployeenotsolvingalldifficultiesat(yī)work2thediscussionofhowcertainsituat(yī)ionscouldbebetterhandlediftheyoccuragain3acoachencouraginganemployeetoapplywhat(yī)hasbeentaughttoroutineworksituations4coachingprovidingneresttoindividualswhoareunhappyintheircurrentpositions5coachingprovidingasupportiveenvironmenttodiscussperformance6employeesbeingaskedtoanalysethemselvesandpractisegreaterself-awareness7coachingenablingpanytorespondrapidlytoalackofexpertiseinacertainareaCoachingACoachinginvolvestwoormorepeoplesittingdowntogethertotalkthroughissuesthathavecomeuprecentlyat(yī)work,andanalysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.Coachingthustransfersskillsandinformationfromonepersontoanotherinanon-the-jobsituationsothattheworkexperienceofthecoachisusedtoadviseandguidetheindividualbeingcoached.Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.BCoachingmeansinfluencingthelearner'spersonaldevelopment,forexamplehisorherconfidenceandambition.Itcantakeplaceanytimeduringanindividual'scareer.Coachingisintendedtoassistindividualstofunctionmoreeffectively,anditisapowerfullearningmodel.Itbeginswhereskills-basedtrainingends,andhelpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.Individualsbeingcoachedareinademandingsituationwiththeircoach,whichrequiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.CThecoachprofessionallyassiststhecareerdevelopmentofanotherindividual,outsidethenormalmanager/subordinaterelationship.Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.However,itcanprovideaspacefordiscussionandfeedbackontopicssuchaspeoplemanagementandskills,behaviourpatterns,confidence-buildingandtimemanagement.Throughcoaching,anorganisationcanmeetskillsshortages,discusstargetsandindicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,allatshortnotice.DEffectivecoachesareusuallythosewhogetsatisfactionfromthesuccessofothersandwhogivetimetothecoachingrole.Givingpeoplecoachingresponsibilitiescansupporttheirdevelopment,eitherbyencouragingmanagementpotentialthroughsmall-scaleone-to-oneassignments,orbyprovidingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs.Acoachisalsoaconfidentialadviser,accustomedtodevelopingpositiveandeffectiveapproachestocomplexmanagement,organisationalandchangeproblems.這篇文章講的是培訓(xùn)(coaching)的作用。培訓(xùn)對一個公司的發(fā)展和員工的成長都是至關(guān)重要的。文章的內(nèi)容比較泛,但是題目的答案比較明顯。第一題,教練和員工之間的接觸不能解決工作中的所有困難。答案是C段的這么一句:Intheory,thecoachingrelat(yī)ionshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.理論上,培訓(xùn)可以提供所有問題的答案。但是實踐中達(dá)不到這樣。Fallshortof是關(guān)鍵詞。第二題,討論某些情況假如再度出現(xiàn)的話怎么樣可以解決的更好。答案是A段的這么一句:analysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.分析應(yīng)當(dāng)如何進(jìn)行解決并且在接下來的情況下如何可以解決的更有效。這里的dealtwithmoreeffectively相應(yīng)于題干中的betterhandled,onsubsequentoccasions.也就是occuragain。第三題,教練鼓勵員工將所學(xué)應(yīng)用到平常的工作中。答案是B段的這么一句:helpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.幫助個人將學(xué)到的正式知識用在平常工作和管理情況下。這里的day-to-dayworkandmanagementsituat(yī)ions就是題干中的routineworksituations,whathasbeentaught也就是formallylearntknowledge。第四題,培訓(xùn)為在現(xiàn)有崗位上不快樂的個人提供了新的愛好。答案是D段的這么一句:providingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs。對感覺自己在現(xiàn)有崗位上受困的經(jīng)理們提供附加的工作滿足感。這里的stuckintheirpresentjobs就是題干中的unhappyintheircurrentposition,addedjobsat(yī)isfaction可以相應(yīng)于題干中的newinterest。第五題,培訓(xùn)提供了一個有力的、支持性的討論工作表現(xiàn)的環(huán)境。答案是A段的:Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threat(yī)eningatmosphere.它允許成功和失敗在一個沒有威脅的氣氛下被評估。成功和失敗也就是performance,supportiveenvironment可以相應(yīng)于non-threateningatmosphere。第六題,員工被規(guī)定分析他們自己并且培養(yǎng)出更強(qiáng)的自知。有必要理解下self-awareness的含義,不能簡樸的從中文理解成自我意識,看英文解釋:knowledgeandunderstandingofyourself。所以答案是B段的這么一句:requiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.規(guī)定他們考慮自己的行為并且思考這么做的理由。considertheirownbehaviour可以相應(yīng)于題干中的analysethemselves,思考這么做的理由也是為了進(jìn)一步增進(jìn)對自己的結(jié)識。第七題,培訓(xùn)可以使得公司對某個領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)缺失迅速做出反映。答案是C段的最后一句:indicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituat(yī)ions,allatshortnotice.指出員工如何解決有挑戰(zhàn)性的情況,在短時間內(nèi)。Atshortnotice是一接到告知就,短時間內(nèi)的意思,可以相應(yīng)這一題的respondrapidly,challengingsituations可以指代題干中的alackofexpertiseinacertainarea.?BUFFETZONELucyRobertsonstartedworkingatatakeawayfoodbusinesstosupplementherincomeduringherstudentdaysatEdinburghyearson,sheownsGrapevineCaterers,probablyScotland'sleadingindependentcaterers,withaturnoverofalmost£6m.Shehadneverplannedtoownabusiness,andhadcertainlyneverconsideredacareerincatering.(0).......However,herunplannedcareerbeganin1985,whenshereturnedtoEdinburghanddiscoveredthatthetakeawayshehadworkedinwasupforsale.Onimpulse,sheboughtit,butadmitsthatat(yī)thetimesheknewnothingaboutcat(yī)ering.(8).........Itwasadifficulttime,butessentialintermsofgainingtheexperiencesheneeded.Thelat(yī)e1980sboomwasgoodforbusiness,withlargenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheirlunches.(9)........'Atonepointtherewere26foodoutletswithina5-kilometreradius,'Robertsonrecalls.Astheeconomychangedandtheoncepackedofficeblocksstartedtobecomevacant,itbecameclearthatRobertsonwouldneedtodiversify.(10)........Itchangedthedirectionofthecompanyforgood.AsRobertsonbegantowincateringcontracts,shedecidedthatthecompanywouldhavetomovetolargerpremises.In1994,themovewasmadewhensheboughtanothercateringbusinessthatalreadyhadanumberofprofitablecontractsforboardroomlunches.Meanwhile,Robertson'smaincompetitor,theoldestcateringcompanyinEdinburgh,wascausinghersomeanxiety.'Customerloyaltyisnottobeunderestimated,'shewarns.ButRobertsonisnotsomeonewhoiseasilyputoff.(11)........Partlyasaresultofthis,turnoverdoubled,andhavingoutgrownanothersite,Robertsonboughtacity-centrelocationforthegroup'sheadquarters.Bynow,Grapevine'smaincompetitorwasanewcateringcompanycalledTowngat(yī)es.AlthoughRobertsontriedtoraiseenoughmoneytobuyTowngates,shedidnotsucceed.ThenluckintervenedandTowngateswentbankrupt.(12)........Manyacceptedandthecompany'sturnoverwentfrom£700,000to£l.5millionalmostovernight.However,thecompany'sgrowthwasnotassmoothasitsoundsinretrospect.Robertsonadmits,'Wewereclosetotheedgeduringthegrowthperiod.Likemanyunder-capitalisedcompaniestryingtogrow,itmighteasilyhavecollapsed.'Butthat(yī),shefeels,isthechallengeofdevelopingyourownbusiness.AButthereareplentyofsimilarcontractstobewonintheeastofScotlandbeforeRobertsonturnsherattentionelsewhere.BHerwayroundthisparticulblemwastorecruitthecateringmanageroftherivalcompany.CButthisdemandwasshort-lived,andbeforelong,increasingcompetitionmadeithardertomakeaprofit.D'Itwasadramaticlearningcurveandverysmallamountsofmoneywereearnedatfirst,’saysRobertson.EShedecidedthatthesolution,sincemanycompaniesrequiredworkinglunchesformeetingswithclients,wastoprepareanddelivermealstobusinesspremises.FOnhearingthis,Robertsonimmediat(yī)elycontactedalloftheirclientsandofferedtheservicesofGrapevineCaterers.GInstead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacularprofessionalpathseemedset.《BuffetZone》,自助餐區(qū)域,在這篇文章里的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是自助餐領(lǐng)域,講的是一個在自助餐領(lǐng)域取得了驚人成績的杰出女性創(chuàng)業(yè)的故事。這套題目不難,特別比起第四輯的題目。文章自身有很清楚的故事發(fā)展脈絡(luò),選項和原文的相應(yīng)也比較明顯。文章的幾個段落是按照時間先后、故事發(fā)生的先后進(jìn)行的,很明確。第一段是總括,第二段是講的創(chuàng)業(yè)起步階段的一些困難以及應(yīng)對困難的對策,第三段是公司好轉(zhuǎn)后的辦公室重置(relocation),第四、五段是公司的競爭情況,最后一段總結(jié)。第八題,前面說一時沖動她買下了這個外賣餐館(takeaway),事實上那個時候她對餐飲業(yè)一無所知。空格后面說的是這段時間很困難,但是對獲得所需要的經(jīng)驗卻是很有必要的。所以第八題的空格部分應(yīng)當(dāng)填入跟學(xué)習(xí)、積累經(jīng)驗有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。D選型最吻合,Itwasadramaticlearningcurve,這里的learning是關(guān)鍵詞,很明顯的答案信號。尚有verysmallamountsofmoneywereearnedat(yī)first,atfirst也是關(guān)鍵詞。第九題,空格前面說largenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheirlunches,大量的辦公室員工需要外賣食品做午飯,這里的wanting是個很關(guān)鍵的詞。空格后面話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),說曾經(jīng)一度5公里內(nèi)有26家食品商店,但是經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變了,一條街都空了(blocksstartedtobecomevacant)。從上下文來分析,第九空的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)和辦公室員工的外賣需求有關(guān),同時帶有轉(zhuǎn)折意思。C選項完全符合這一條件:但是這種需求是短暫的,不久,逐漸增長的競爭使得贏得利潤變得更加困難。第十題,上文說經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢轉(zhuǎn)變了,所以Robertson決定從事多樣化的經(jīng)營。后面說這種做法永遠(yuǎn)的改變了公司的經(jīng)營方式。所以第十空應(yīng)當(dāng)填入相應(yīng)的對策,怎么樣來應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢的轉(zhuǎn)變。符合這一條件的是B和E,都是關(guān)于解決問題的,但是B選項所說的招募競爭對手的餐廳經(jīng)理在上下文內(nèi)容中沒有提到。應(yīng)當(dāng)選D,為商業(yè)大廈送飯,正好相應(yīng)下一段所說的。第十一題,這一題才應(yīng)當(dāng)選B,前面說競爭對手給自己導(dǎo)致了很大的困擾。但是Robertson卻不是那么容易屈服的人。后面說部分因素是這個,營業(yè)額翻倍了。所以中間應(yīng)該也是填入對策。和競爭對手有關(guān)的,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選B,B的particular是個關(guān)鍵詞,rivalcompany也很明顯。第十二題,前面說Robertson想收購一個競爭對手,但是沒成功,結(jié)果人家公司自己破產(chǎn)倒閉了。后面來了一個manyaccepted,可以看出這中間應(yīng)當(dāng)填入的是人家公司破產(chǎn)后Robertson的一些舉措。F滿足這一條件:一聽到這些,Robertson立即聯(lián)系他們的客戶并且提供了自己公司的服務(wù)。1、buffet:amealatwhichpeopleservethemselvesfromatableandthenstandorsitsomewhereelsetoeat自助餐2、takeawaya、arestaurantthatcooksandsellsfoodthat(yī)youtakeawayandeatsomewhereelse外賣餐館b、amealthat(yī)youbuyatthistypeofrestaurant外賣的飯菜;外賣食物3、inretrospect:thinkingaboutapasteventorsituation,oftenwithadifferentopinionofitfromtheoneyouhadatthetime回顧4、under-capitalised:(aboutabusiness)nothavingenoughmoney(capital)tobeabletooperatenormally,paydebtsandgrow資金局限性。5、Instead,shestudiedaccountancyafterleavinguniversity,andasteadyifunspectacularprofessionalpathseemedset.這個句子里if的用法比較少見,參見朗文的解釋:usedwhenaddingonecriticismofapersonorthingthat(yī)yougenerallylikee.g:Lunchwasagrandifrathernoisyaffair.所以G選項的意思就是:然而,離開大學(xué)后她學(xué)的是會計,一個平淡無奇的職業(yè)道路似乎已經(jīng)鋪就。HOWTOMARKETYOURSELFWemanageourowncareersnow.Soknowinghowtobrandandpositionyourselfinthemarketas'Meplc'atdifferentstagesofyourworkinglifeisbecominganincreasinglyvitalskill.AtleastthatiswhatimageexpertMarySpillanebelieves.'Employmentasweknowitisdecreasing.Jobsdon'texist,workexists.Inthenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.Wewillhaveclientsnotbosses.Ifyouareunder30,youprobablyknowthatthereisonlyonefirmtojoinforlife:Meplc.Itpromotesyouandyourpotentialtoothers.''We'reworkinginmulti-national,multicultural,multi-corporat(yī)eteamsandit'simportanttounderstandtheimplicationsofthis.Weneedtocreateapersonalbrandthatisunique,buplementsthebrandofthecorporationweareworkingfor.Youhavetofindawaytodoitsothat(yī)youarenotjustatypicalemployee,'advisesSpillane.'Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhat(yī)mayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.'ManypeopleonlyrememberMarySpillanefortheyearsshespentrunningacosmeticscompany,butsheactuallyhasmastersdegreesininformationscienceandpolitics.Sheusedtohidethathard-hittingside,butisnoweagertoshowitandforgetaboutcosmetics.'NowthatI'mworkingintheboardroomsofmajorplcsandglobpanies,I'mplayingupmydegreesandmanagementbackgroundsothattheimagesideisseenonlyasanadditiontothevalueside,'saysSpillane.Somecontractstakelongerthanothers.'TheCitylawfirmsI'mcurrentlyworkingforarereallydifficultbecausetheydon'thaveanyideaofwhat(yī)theirbrandshouldbe,andarestillverytraditionalevenwhentalkingaboutbecomingmodern.I'mshowingthemhowtodoeverythingfromchangingtheirreceptionareas-whichtendtobeveryoff-puttingwiththeirhigh-frontedreceptiondesks-tohowtomakesmalltalkthatislessformalandrigid.Companiesrebrandthemselvesallthetime,spendingmillionsonnewofficeinteriorsandsoon.Butwithoutanunderlyingchangeofattitudes,itcanproveanemptyexercise.'Shearguesthatforindividualstoo,theremustbemorethanasurfacechange,asrebrandinggoesdeeperthanamerechangeofwardrobe.Beyondadviceonappearance,shetellsclients,'Remindyourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthatcompriseyourbrand.Learntopresentyourselfinawaythatwillprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.Lifelonglearningisessential,togetherwiththesortofdiscoveryandadventuremotepersonalgrowth.Alwayshaveanup-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonthswithyourmostrecentachievements,justtoremindothersofyourbrandvalue.'Shebelievesitisessentialthatyouunderstandbothyourpublicselfandyourprivateself,aswellasyourblindspotsandyourpotential,inordertocreateaneffectivebrand.Thepublicselfistheimageyouprojecttotheworld,theprivat(yī)eselfiswhatyouknowaboutyourselfbutothersdon't,aridblindspotsarethosethingsthatothersseeaboutyoubutyoucan'tseeforyourself.Bydecidingwhatimageyouwantotherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfandsortingoutafewblindspots,youwillincreasenotonlyyourpotentialtoinfluenceothers,butalsoyourself-esteemandself-confidence.'13Inthefirstparagraph,MarySpillanesayspeopleshouldlearnhowtomarketthemselvesbecauseAitencouragescompaniestogivethemajobforlife.Binthefutureitwillbeacompanyrequirement.Cinmanycareersitisbecomingdifficulttosucceed.Ditwillhelpthemadapttodevelopmentsinthejobmarket.14Spillanesaysthat,whencreatingapersonalbrand,itisimportanttoAchangethingsdependingonthecircumstances.Bdecidewhat(yī)imagepeoplewouldlikeyoutopresent.Cmakesurethatcolleaguesfeelateasewithyourimage.Dfollowtheexampleofsomeoneinthecompanyyouworkfor.15WhatdowelearnaboutSpillaneinthethirdparagraph?ASheisembarrassedabouthercareerwithacosmeticscompany.BShedoesn'tliketalkingaboutheracademicbackground.CShehasqualificationsmanypeopleareunawareof.DSheworriesabouthowotherpeopleseeher.16WhichproblemdoesSpillanerefertowhentalkingaboutthecompaniessheispresentlyworkingwith?ATheyfinditdifficulttoacceptherideas.BTheyareunawareofhowtorebrandthemselves.CTheydon'twanttospendlargeamountsofmoney.DTheyareunwillingtomodernisetheirworkenvironment.17Whenadvisingpeopleonrebrandingthemselves,SpillanetellsthemtoAattendcoursestogainspecialistskills.Bupdateregularlytheirwofofwhattheycando.Ctryoutdifferentwaysofpresentingthemselvestoothers.Drememberthatwhat(yī)theylooklikeisthemostimportantpoint.18Spillanesaysthat,inordertorebrandyourselfsuccessfully,itisimportanttoAaskforotherpeople'sopinionsaboutyourimage.Bfeelconfidentaboutwhatyouaretryingtoachieve.Clearnhowtomakeuseofallaspectsofyourcharacter.Dmodelyourselfonpeoplewithacertainamountofinfluence.《Howtomarketyourself》,如何開發(fā)你自己。這篇文章重要是一個專家(MarySpillane)對個人在職業(yè)生涯中的一些建議,涉及怎么定位、如何對的結(jié)識自己等等。很實用很中肯的一篇文章??磥磉@國外的專家并不也是夸夸其談之輩啊。13題,問第一段MarySpillane認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會開發(fā)他們自己的因素是什么。第一段里這個專家認(rèn)為就業(yè)機(jī)會在減少,job不存在了,存在的是work,在未來十年所有人都將成為才華和能力的提供者(supplier),而不是員工(staff),老板將變成自己的客戶。從專家的這段話可以看出她認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會開發(fā)自己的因素是適應(yīng)就業(yè)市場的發(fā)展,也就是D答案所說的。A在原文沒有提到,B的理解有誤,原文說thereisonlyonefirmtojoinforlife:Meplc。生活中只有一個值得加入的公司:自我公司。這句的意思還是說人們要學(xué)會開發(fā)自己,而不是將來有公司需要。C在原文中也沒有提到。14題,問在發(fā)明個人品牌的時候,很重要的是什么。答案是第二段的最后一句:Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwanttoproject,andalsowhatmayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.你必須決定自己要建立的中心價值什么,同時尚有哪些是需要隨著環(huán)境的改變而改變的。A的表述對的,根據(jù)環(huán)境來改變事情。B不對,不是說決定人們想要你呈現(xiàn)的形象,而是自己決定自己想要建立的中心價值。C、D在原文都沒有提到。15題,問第三段可以了解到Spillane的什么事。第三段介紹說這個女人曾經(jīng)經(jīng)營過一家化妝品公司,但其實她還擁有信息科學(xué)和政治的碩士學(xué)位。當(dāng)在化妝品公司的時候她試圖把學(xué)歷的一面深藏不露,但是現(xiàn)在換了一家公司,她迫不及待的想將這一面給展現(xiàn)出來。從這些可以看出這個女人的思緒:需要哪一面就表現(xiàn)哪一面。15題的答案是C:她擁有的素質(zhì)很多人都不知道。A不對,沒有提到尷尬,B不對,在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r候才會去談?wù)撟约旱膶W(xué)歷背景,D在原文也沒有提到。16題,問Spillane指出了現(xiàn)在工作公司的什么問題。答案是第四段的這么一句:theydon'thaveanyideaofwhattheirbrandshouldbe,andarestillverytraditionalevenwhentalkingaboutbecomingmodern.對于自己的品牌應(yīng)當(dāng)是怎么樣的他們沒有任何概念,同時在談到變得現(xiàn)代時仍然很傳統(tǒng)。這一段是講這個公司在轉(zhuǎn)變時的一些問題,他們投入了巨大的財力想重新樹立自己的品牌,但是沒有一個深層次的態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變,是很難有實效的。答案是B,不知如何重新樹立自己的品牌。A不對,沒有說不樂意接受,C不對,公司投入巨大,D不對,不是不樂意現(xiàn)代化,而不知道怎么現(xiàn)代化,說要現(xiàn)代化還是顯得很傳統(tǒng)。17題,問對于想要重新樹立自己品牌的個人,Spillane的建議是什么。答案是第五段的最后一句:Alwayshaveanup-to-the-minuteCVreadytoprintout,refreshingiteveryfewmonthswithyourmostrecentachievements時刻要有一個準(zhǔn)備打印的最新的簡歷,每隔幾個月用你最新的成績來更新一次??偨Y(jié)起來就是B選項所說的“固定更新關(guān)于自己能做什么的書面證明”。18題,問為了能成功的重新樹立自己的個人品牌,很重要的是什么。最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了人應(yīng)當(dāng)了解自己的幾個方面:公我(publicself)、私我(privateself)、盲點和潛力,并且分別介紹了四種方面的含義。答案是這么一句,需要提煉總結(jié):Bydecidingwhatimageyouwantotherpeopletosee,emphasisingmoreofyourprivateselfandsortingoutafewblindspots。更多的強(qiáng)調(diào)私我,并且挑選出一些盲點??偨Y(jié)起來就是B所說的:學(xué)會如何全面運(yùn)用自己性格的各個方面。理解一下D選項一個詞組的含義:modelyourselfon(after)somebody:totrytobelikesomeoneelsebecauseyouadmirethem這篇文章其實并不難,但是很有實用價值。某些地道的商務(wù)英語表述可以用在口語里,而更具意義的是,這篇文章里提到了一些關(guān)于個人職業(yè)的建議,很中肯,值得人參考。1、jobsdon'texist,workexists.Inthenextdecademostofuswillbesuppliers,notstaff.Wewillhaveclientsnotbosses.這是一種比較新奇的工作觀,不應(yīng)當(dāng)把自己看做是給老板打工的。每個人都是自己的老板,出售自己的才學(xué)和能力,老板只是自己的客戶。有了這樣的心態(tài),人在工作中就會變得積極積極。但是有一點,客戶的質(zhì)量一定要好好把握啊2、Youhavetodecidewhatcentralvaluesyouwantject,andalsowhat(yī)mayneedtoalterfromsituationtosituation.樹立屬于自己的品牌,并且相機(jī)而動。3、Remindyourselfofwhatyouareselling:thepersonalvaluesthat(yī)compriseyourbrand.Learntopresentyourselfinawaythat(yī)willprojectwhatyouwanttodeliver.一個公司要想立足商界需要核心價值,同樣的,一個人要立足社會也需要核心價值。關(guān)鍵在于你如何定位自己。找準(zhǔn)了定位,就不會迷失方向。?PlanningInanyplanningsystem,fromthesimplestbudgetingtothemostcomplexcorporateplanning,thereisanannualprocess.Thisispartlyduetothefactthatfirms(19).......theiraccountingonayearly(20).......,butalsobecausesimilar(21).......oftenoccurinthemarket.Usually,thelargerthefirm,thelongertheplanningtakes.Buttypically,planningfornextyearmaystartninemonthsormoreinadvance,withvariousstagesofevaluationleadingto(22).......ofthecompleteplanthreemonthsbeforethestartoftheyear.Planningcontinues,however,throughouttheyear,sincemanagers(23).......progressagainsttargets,whilelookingforwardtothenextyear.Whatishappeningnowwill(24).......theobjectivesandplansforthefuture.Intoday'sbusinessclimat(yī)e,asmarketsconstantlychangeandbecomemoredifficultto(25).......,someanalystsbelievethat(yī)long-termplanningispointless.Insomemarketstheymayberight,aslongascompaniescanbuildthesortofflexibilityintotheir(26).......whichallowsthemto(27).......toanysuddenchanges.Mostfirms,however,needtoplanmorethanoneyearaheadinorderto(28).......theirlong-termgoals.Thismayreflectthetimeittakesmissionandbuildanewproductionplant,or,inmarketing(29).......,itmaybeaquestionofhowlongittakestoresearchandlauncharangeofnewproducts,andreachacertain(30).......inthemarket.If,forexample,itisgoingtotakefiveyearsforaparticularairlinetobecomethe(31).......choiceamongstbusinesstravellersoncertainroutes,theairlinemustplanforthevarious(32).......involved.Everyone-yearplan,therefore,mustbe(33).......inrelationtolonger-termplans,anditshouldcontaindiestagesthatarenecessarytoachievethefinalgoals.19AmakeupBcarryoutCbringaboutDputdown20AbasisBgroundsCfoundationDstructure21AdistributionsBguidesCdesignsDpat(yī)terns22AapprovalBpermissionCconsentDdecision23AvalueBinspectCreviewDsurvey24AcommandBpromptCinfluenceDpersuade25AguessBspeculateCreckonDpredict26AoperationsBtechniquesCmeasuresDexercises27AanswerBrespondCcounterDreply28AmoveBleadCdevelopDbenefit29AexpressionsBdescriptionsCwordsDterms30AreputationBpositionCsituationDinfluence31AdesiredBselectedCpreferredDsupposed32AactsBstepsCmeansDpoints33AhandedoverBdrawnupCmadeoutDwrittenoff這篇文章是關(guān)于公司計劃的(planning),做計劃時的過程和需要考慮的一些因素。全文的第一句話說公司做的決定是一個年度過程(annualprocess)。接下來談到因素。19題,makeup是組成、捏造、化妝的意思,用在這里和accounting搭配不上;carryout是執(zhí)行(todosomethingthat(yī)needstobeorganizedandplanned);bringabout是帶來,使發(fā)生(tomakesomethinghappen);putdown放下,彈壓。從意思上看,應(yīng)當(dāng)選B,carryout。事實上,carryoutaccountingon…..basis是金融英語里專業(yè)且地道的說法。最常見的一種是carryoutaccountingontheaccrualbasis執(zhí)行權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制。相應(yīng)的,20題選basis,公司時在一年的基礎(chǔ)上執(zhí)行會計準(zhǔn)則的。21題,這里需要理解上下文的含義。這一整句話仍然是在說明公司進(jìn)行planning的因素。正是由于相似的模式會在市場上出現(xiàn),所以公司才需要進(jìn)行計劃。選pat(yī)terns是最符合原義的。22題,很明顯,這里填入的詞是表達(dá)批準(zhǔn)、通過之類的,是指年前三個月完整的計劃就會被通過。從中文意思上看,A、B、C三個詞都是符合的。具體看英文解釋對幾個詞的用法進(jìn)行區(qū)分。approval:whenaplan,decision,orpersonisofficiallyaccepted批準(zhǔn),正式的eg:Thepresidenthasalreadygivenhisapprovaltotheplan.permission:whensomeoneisofficiallyallowedtodosomething允許,也是正式的eg:Youmustaskpermissionbeforetakinganyphotographsinsidethechurch.consent:permissiontodosomething不那么正式的允許eg:Hetookthecarwithouttheowner'sconsent.這一題是講的計劃被批準(zhǔn)或者通過,所以用approval。23題,這里的前后文的意思是計劃貫穿全年始終,所以經(jīng)理們需要回顧過去,展望未來。后面的lookingforwardto是個答案信號,相相應(yīng)的前面應(yīng)當(dāng)選review,根據(jù)目的回顧過程。24題比較簡樸,理解了句子含義不難做出選擇?,F(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情將會影響未來的目的和計劃。選influence。25題,從這個句子來看,填入的詞是應(yīng)當(dāng)可以直接和market搭配的。Predictthemarket是商英里地道常見的用法,市場預(yù)測。26題,往他們的操作中增長一點靈活性,這樣可以對忽然發(fā)生的變化做出反映。Operation:theworkoractivitiesdonebyabusinessororganization,ortheprocessofdoingthiswork.27題,respondto對…..做出反映。28題,為了開發(fā)公司的長期目的,需要一年以上的時間來計劃。從意思和用法上,只能選擇develop。29題,inmarketterms用市場術(shù)語來說。固定用法。30題,positioninthemarket,市場上的地位。前面已經(jīng)暗示了這里要用市場術(shù)語來表述,positioninthemarket就是固定表達(dá)(positioningisthatexclusivespaceyourbrandownsinthemarketplace.It'srelevantandcompellingtoyourcustomers,anddifferentfromyourcompetitors.)31題,只需要理解preferred的意思:首選的32題,想讓這個航空公司成為特定路線上商務(wù)旅客的首選,必須先計劃好相關(guān)的環(huán)節(jié)。按環(huán)節(jié)來擬定計劃,最后才干成功,所以選step。33題,需要理解四個詞組的含義。handover:togivesomethingtosomeonewithyourhand,especiallybecausetheyhaveaskedforitorshouldhaveit.交出drawup:toprepareawrittendocument,suchasalistorcontract起草(drawupplans/proposal)e.g:Hewasaskedtodrawupproposalsforreformingthelawmakeout:tobejustabletoseeorhearsomething看見或聽見tounderstandsomething,especiallythereasonwhysomethinghashappened理解writeoff:towritealettertopanyororganizationaskingthemtosendyougoodsorinformation寫信寄出todecidethat(yī)someoneorsomethingisuseless,unimportant,orafailure注銷toofficiallysaythatadebtnolongerhastobepaid,orofficiallyacceptthat(yī)youcannotgetbackmoneyyouhavespentorlost勾銷?1Sometimesitisnecessarytoinsistonfurtherexplanat(yī)ion.2Youshouldn'tfocusonyourresponsewhileothersarestillspeaking.3Peoplearereluctanttoadmitthattheydon'tlistenwell.4Therearebenefitsinseeingthingsfromthespeaker'sperspective.5Keenobservationofthespeakercansupportourlisteningskills.6Itisriskytothinkaboutadifferentissuewhilesomeoneisspeaking.7Peopledonotmindhearingtheirownviewssummarised.Goodlistener,bettermanagerAToooftenweaccuseothersofnotlistening,pretendingthat(yī)weourselvesarefaultless,yetinourheartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewehaven'tlistenedcarefullyenough.Wegetthingswrongbecausewehaven'tquiteunderstoodwhatsomeonemeantwhentheyweretalkingtous.Anyonewhohasevertakentheminutesofalongmeetingwillknowhowharditistoremember-despitethebenefitofnotes-exactlywhateveryonesaid.Butsuccessdependsongettingthingsright-andthatmeanslistening.BListeningisnotthesamethingashearing;itisnotaneffortlessactivity.Itdemandsattentionandconcentration.Itmaymeanquizzingthespeakerforadditionalinformat(yī)ionorforclarification-itisalwaysbettertoaskthantocontinueregardlessandgetthingswrong.However,ifyouallowyourmindtowanderontosomethingelse,evenforafewminutes,you'llmisswhat(yī)thespeakerissaying-probablyattheverymomentwhenheorsheissayingsomethingcritical.Andnothavingheard,youwon'tknowyou'vemissedanythinguntilit'stoolate.CThemostcommonbadhabitwehaveistostartthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthesubjectlongbeforetheotherspeakerhasfinished.Wethenstoplistening.Evenworse,thisoftenaddsrudenesstoinat(yī)tentiveness,asonceyouhavedecidedwhattosaythereisafairchanceyouwillinterrupttosayit.Goodlistenersdon'errupt.Infactitisoftenworthexplainingthemainideaofwhatyouhavejustbeentoldbeforegoingontomakeyourownpoints.Nobodyisoffendedbythisanditshowsthat(yī)youhavelistenedwell.DAboveallbepatientandacceptthatmanypeoplearenotverygoodcommunicat(yī)ors.It'shelpfultorememberthatthewayspeoplemoveandpositionthemselveswhiletheyarespeakingcanrevealagreatdealaboutwhattheyaresaying.Equallyimportantlyyoushouldputyourselfintheotherperson'splace,bothintellectuallyandemotionally;itwillhelpyoutounderstandwhattheyaregettingatandformaresponse.Butdon'tbetooclever.Facedwithaknow-all,manypeoplekeepquietbecausetheyseenopointincontinuing.這篇文章講的是傾聽(listening)的重要性。一個好的管理者必然是一個好的傾聽者,所以要講究傾聽的藝術(shù)。第一題,有時堅持進(jìn)一步的解釋是很有必要的。答案是B段的這么一句:Itmaymeanquizzingthespeakerforadditionalinformationorforclarification-itisalwaysbettertoaskthantocontinueregardlessandgetthingswrong它也許意味著為了進(jìn)一步的信息和說明去詢問說話的人——問總比不顧情況的繼續(xù)并且把事情辦錯的好。這里的rmation相應(yīng)于furtherexplanat(yī)ion.第二題,不能在別人還在說的時候就開始關(guān)注自己的回應(yīng)。答案是C段的第一句:Themostcommonbadhabitwehaveistostartthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthesubjectlongbeforetheotherspeakerhasfinished。我們最常見的壞習(xí)慣就是在發(fā)言者遠(yuǎn)還沒結(jié)束的時候就開始思考我們將對這個話題說些什么。這里的beforetheotherspeakerhasfinished就是othersarestillspeaking,focusonyourresponse就是startthinkingofwhatwearegoingtosayaboutthesubject。第三題,人們不樂意認(rèn)可自己沒有聽好。答案是A段的第一句:Toooftenweaccuseothersofnotlistening,pretendingthatweourselvesarefaultless,yetinourheartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewehaven'tlistenedcarefullyenough。我們經(jīng)常指責(zé)別人沒有好好聽,假裝我們自己是無可指責(zé)的,其實在我們心里知道,很多我們所犯的錯誤都是由于聽的不夠仔細(xì)。這句的意思就是說我們心里知道什么因素,但是口頭上喜歡指責(zé)別人。也就是第三題題干說的不樂意認(rèn)可。第四題,從說話者的視角去考慮問題是有好處的。答案是D段的這么一句:Equallyimportantlyyoushouldputyourselfintheotherperson'splace,bothintellectuallyandemotionally。同樣重要的是你必須把自己置于別人的位置上,既是智力上的也是情感上的。這里的putyourselfinotherperson’splace就是seeingthingsfromthespeaker’sperspective。第五題,對說話者的敏銳觀測可以提高傾聽技巧。答案是D段的這么一句:It'shelpfultorememberthatthewayspeoplemoveandpositionthemselveswhiletheyarespeakingcanrevealagreat(yī)dealaboutwhattheyaresaying。記住說話人的移動方式和姿勢是很有用的,這些可以揭示出很多他們所說話的信息。連說話的姿勢都
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2024-2025學(xué)年八年級下學(xué)期開學(xué)水平調(diào)研生物試題
- 私人房產(chǎn)附屬設(shè)施買賣合同
- 清關(guān)代理合同協(xié)議書
- 基于情境學(xué)習(xí)的數(shù)學(xué)邏輯思維培養(yǎng)教學(xué)方案
- 智能化產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)管理平臺合作協(xié)議
- 智能家居產(chǎn)品研發(fā)及銷售協(xié)議
- 電子商務(wù)退換貨免責(zé)條款
- 超市食材進(jìn)銷存協(xié)議
- 混凝土水泥買賣合同
- 自來水管理承包合同
- 智慧漁政網(wǎng)格管理平臺項目方案
- GB/T 7716-2024聚合級丙烯
- 《弱電知識培訓(xùn)》課件
- 丹麥地理課件
- 住宅小區(qū)供配電設(shè)施建設(shè)和改造技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
- 勞動合同(模版)4篇
- 100道公安基礎(chǔ)知識題目訓(xùn)練含答案
- 2024年重慶市中考道德與法治試卷(AB合卷)附答案
- 口腔耗材采購合同范本
- JBT 14682-2024 多關(guān)節(jié)機(jī)器人用伺服電動機(jī)技術(shù)規(guī)范(正式版)
- 胃腸鏡健康宣教胃腸鏡檢查注意事項適應(yīng)癥與禁忌癥宣傳課件
評論
0/150
提交評論