Unit 2 Working the land 考點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)落實(shí)拓展與背誦學(xué)案-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教新課標(biāo)必修四

PAGE5人教新課標(biāo)高考復(fù)習(xí)Book4Unit2Workingtheland考點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)落實(shí)拓展與背誦DrYuanLongping(袁隆平博士):Heisfatherofhybridrice,whowasawarded“theNobelPrizeofAsia”.Hereceivedthehonorforhisgreatcontributionstohybridriceresearchandtheworkhedidtoimprovericeproductionindevelopingcountries.Heiscalledapioneerforallpeople.。Ⅰ.聯(lián)想記憶法1.strugglevi.&n.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力→struggleforsth./todosth.為……奮斗/努力去做…2.decaden.十年(期)→forthepast/lastfivedecades在過(guò)去的50年里3.ridvt.擺脫，除去→rid...of...擺脫，除去4.equipvt.&vi.配備，裝備→equip...with...用…裝備5.regretvt.&n.遺憾；惋惜；后悔→regretdoingsth.后悔做過(guò)某事→regretto_dosth.遺憾地去做某事6.focusn.焦點(diǎn)，中心點(diǎn)；vt.集中；聚焦→focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于……7.reducevt.減少→reducesth.by/to...減少了/到…8.summaryn.總結(jié)；摘要；概要→insummary總的來(lái)說(shuō)9.commentn.評(píng)論；議論；vt.&vi.作出評(píng)論；表達(dá)意見(jiàn)→makecommentsonsth.對(duì)某事作出評(píng)論→commenton/uponsth.對(duì)某事作出評(píng)論10.outputn.產(chǎn)量；輸出；vt.輸出→putout撲滅；生產(chǎn)，制造；出版；公布構(gòu)詞記憶法1.sunburntadj.曬黑的，曬傷的2.hungern.饑餓；欲望；v.(使)饑餓→hungryadj.饑餓的3.disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的→disturbedadj.煩惱的；心神不安的→disturbvt.打擾；弄亂，搞亂；使不安，使煩惱4.expandvt.&vi.使變大；伸展→expansionn.擴(kuò)展/擴(kuò)張/擴(kuò)大；膨脹5.circulatevt.&vi.循環(huán)；流傳→circulationn.循環(huán)；流通6.freedomn.自由，自主→freeadj.自由的；有空的→freelyadv.自由地；暢通地7.exportvt.&vi.輸出；出口→importv.輸入；進(jìn)口8.occupationn.工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)→occupyvt.使用;占用;占據(jù),占領(lǐng)9.confusevt.使迷惑；使為難→confusedadj.迷惑的，糊涂的→confusingadj.令人困惑的，難以理解的10.chemicaladj.化學(xué)的，關(guān)于化學(xué)的→chemistryn.化學(xué)→chemistn.藥劑師；藥商；化學(xué)家11.productionn.生產(chǎn)，制造→producevt.生產(chǎn)，制造→productn.產(chǎn)品12.nutritionn.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物→nutritiousadj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的13.discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn)→discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)與拓展1.thanksto幸虧；由于→dueto/becauseof由于，因?yàn)?.besatisfiedwith對(duì)……感到滿意→toone’ssatisfaction令某人滿意的是→withsatisfaction滿意地3.wouldratherdoAthandoB(＝prefertodoAratherthandoB)寧愿做A不愿做B4.buildup逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā)→bewell/slimlybuilt身材健壯/苗條5.leadto導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)→(同義短語(yǔ))resultin6.keep...freefrom/of...使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)7.withthehopeof.../hopingthat...懷著……的希望8.supplysb.withsth.供給某人某物9.inthesun.,inthemoonlight.在雨中________在雪中__________I.重點(diǎn)單詞1．strugglen．斗爭(zhēng)，拼搏；奮斗；vi.抗?fàn)帲徊?，奮斗；努力takeupthestruggle開(kāi)始斗爭(zhēng)struggleagainst/with同……作斗爭(zhēng)，與……抗?fàn)巗trugglewith...for...為爭(zhēng)取……而與……作斗爭(zhēng)truggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來(lái)strugglefor為……而斗爭(zhēng)表示“與……戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭(zhēng)”的短語(yǔ)還有：fightwith與……戰(zhàn)斗fightfor為爭(zhēng)取……而斗爭(zhēng)fightagainst與……斗爭(zhēng)；與……并肩作戰(zhàn)4.equipv.配備；裝備；使有所準(zhǔn)備；使有能力equip...with...用……裝備……equipsb.fordoingsth.使某人為做某事而準(zhǔn)備beequippedtodosth.使某人有準(zhǔn)備做某事apieceofequipment一件設(shè)備6．regretvt.遺憾；惋惜；n.遺憾；懊悔regretdoing/havingdonesth.后悔做了某事regrettosay/tell/inform...遺憾地說(shuō)/告訴/通知……withgreat/deepregret很遺憾toone’sregret令某人遺憾的是Much_to_my_regret,_Imustleavenow.非常抱歉，我現(xiàn)在必須走了。7focusn．焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn)vt.集中；聚焦focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于focus…onto…把……聚集在……上面adjustthefocus調(diào)整焦點(diǎn)/焦infocus對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦距outoffocus沒(méi)對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦距。focus同義的短語(yǔ)還有：concentrate…on;keepone'seyeson;fix…on等。8、reducev..降低;減少;縮小同義詞：decrease反義詞：increase，risereduce…by減少了(其后常加百分?jǐn)?shù)，也可加具體數(shù)字)reduce…to減少到(其后常加具體數(shù)字)cutdown(同義)減少，削減Theshopkeeperreducedthepriceto$50.店主把價(jià)格降到50美元。Theshopkeeperreducedthepriceby$10.店主把價(jià)格降了10美元。10.need:n.需要，需求beinneedof.tosatisfy/meetaneed.Thereisnoneedforsb.todo.Thereisanurgentneedforteachersinourschool.14.developlightindustry發(fā)展輕工業(yè)developamine開(kāi)礦developaphotograph沖洗照片15.provideagainst為...作好準(zhǔn)備,預(yù)防(災(zāi)荒,困難)providefor提供生活費(fèi);養(yǎng)活，為...作準(zhǔn)備,防備，規(guī)定providewith給...提供;以...裝備重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．thanksto幸虧；由于，因?yàn)閠hanksto，dueto，owingto，becauseof易混辨(1)thanksto是介詞短語(yǔ)，只能作狀語(yǔ)，多用于褒義。(2)dueto意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，可以作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，不能位于句首。beduetodosth.意為“被安排去做某事”。(3)owingto意為“由于”，多用作狀語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。(4)becauseof語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，多用于表示直接原因。一般放在主句之后，有時(shí)也可放在主句之前。2.ridsb./sth.ofsth.擺脫，除去beridof擺脫(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)getridof擺脫；除掉；去掉breakawayfrom擺脫；放棄Youshouldridyourselfofthebadhabits.=Youshouldgetridofthebadhabits.[類似用法動(dòng)詞]：inform/warn/cure…of…,3．buildup建立，確立；增進(jìn)；擴(kuò)大turnup找到；證明出；調(diào)大setup建立,makeup編造；化妝bringup撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐takeup占據(jù)；從事4．leadto導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)(cause，resultin)；(1)leadto中to是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或v.-ing形式。leadsb.to＋n.帶領(lǐng)……通往，引導(dǎo)某人leadsb.todosth.使得某人做某事(2)leada...life過(guò)著……的生活(3)inthelead領(lǐng)先；處于首位takethelead帶頭；領(lǐng)先Allroadslead_toRome.條條大路通羅馬。5．freefrom不受……影響的；沒(méi)有……的forfree免費(fèi)befreeof擺脫了……的setfree釋放；使獲得自由6.belostinsth.全神貫注;沉浸于belostinthought/admiration陷入沉思;敬佩不已有關(guān)lose的短語(yǔ):loseone’scool失去耐心loseheart喪失信心loseone’sheartto愛(ài)上beatalossforsth.對(duì)不知所措7.knockoutof把敲出來(lái)▲有關(guān)knock的短語(yǔ):knockintosb.表示“撞在某人身上;把……敲進(jìn)……”knockout打敗knockoff(口語(yǔ))停止(工作)knockup(英口語(yǔ))敲門叫(人)起床knockdown(車等)撞倒(人)knockin敲進(jìn)(釘子)等8，forsale:待售,供出售(尤指?jìng)€(gè)人所有物)onsale:出售,上市(常用于商店);折價(jià)銷售9，referto:to為介詞.“查閱;涉及;提到;指的是”,refer...to意為“把……提交給”，“把……歸功于”；“讓……處理／查找”時(shí)間從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)主句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬一般過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）would/could/should/might+do表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬hadhonewould/could/should/might+havedone表示對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬shuolddo或weretodo或didwould/could/should/might+doⅢ.句式與運(yùn)用1．Haveyouevergrownanyplants？Ifso，whatdidyoudotogrowthem？Ifnot，whatkindofplantwouldyouliketotrygrowing？分析ifso與ifnot都是條件狀語(yǔ)從句的縮略形式，分別表示肯定和否定。2.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat？1).特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/suggest/consider/imagine/guess/say＋陳述語(yǔ)Whodoyousuggestbe_senttoworkonthefarm?你建議派誰(shuí)去農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作呢？插入語(yǔ)也可后置，其前用逗號(hào)?！狪thinkitismadeupofirregularplains.（或：Itismadeupofirregularplains，Ithink.）2).在if條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法如右邊：4．In1974，hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。分析thefirst＋n.＋todo...意為“第一個(gè)要做……的……”。不定式放在表示次序的詞thefirst,thelast,thebest以及theonly,thevery,theright等詞后面,且這些詞與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為：thefirst/last/best/only/very/right...+n.+todosth.表示“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)/唯一的/恰好的/合適的……做某事的人/物”。5.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.makeit+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式,it做形式賓語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的賓語(yǔ)。it做形式賓語(yǔ),通常和下列動(dòng)詞連用:consider,think,make,find,believe,count,declare,deem,fancy,feel,guess,imagine,judge,prove,see,show,suppose,understand,take等.Weconsideritourdutytosupportgoodleaders.Thenewmethodmakesitpossibletocompletethetaskfaster.6．Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆、大豆一類的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，使之適宜于種植那些要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，例如小麥或玉米。(2011·陜西，20)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade變式訓(xùn)練MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，which____itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.making B.madeC.makes D.havingmadeUsinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.英語(yǔ)中的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法共有三種形式:(1)倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than...(2)倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as...(3)倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of...Thisbuildingisfivetimeshigherthanthatone.Thisbuildingisfivetimesashighasthatone.Thisbuildingisfivetimestheheightofthatone.8..Andhewouldratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.wouldrather寧愿，寧可He’dratherworkinthecountryside.[用法1]：wouldrather…than…寧愿…而不…，與其…不如…IwouldratherwatchTVathomethangotothecinema.[用法2]：would…ratherthan…=wouldrather…than…Facingtheenemies,oursoldierswoulddieratherthansurrender.Ratherthanrefusetohelpyou,Iwouldborrowmoneyfrommyfriends.用法3]：wouldrather后面也可跟從句表示主語(yǔ)寧愿某人做某事。這時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事或過(guò)去要做的事。I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldhimthenewsthatday.[用法4]:wouldratherhavedonesth.表示主語(yǔ)要做某事,而結(jié)果卻事與愿違。I’dratherhaveleftanoteonherdesk.我本想留張字條在她的書桌上。(事實(shí)上沒(méi)有)9.Butwhatevertheygrowtheymakesurethatwhatisleftinthegroundafterharvestingbecomesanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear’scrop.whateverconj.無(wú)論什么常引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Youcaneatwhateveryoulike.Whatever（=Nomatterwhat）nonsensethepapersprint,somepeoplealwaysbelieveit.不管報(bào)紙胡說(shuō)什么都有人信。nomatter+what/how/when/where/who…引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever…既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句.Nomatterwhereweare,wemustbestrictwithourselves.Whoeverbreakstherulewillbepunished.Nomatterhow/Howeverdifficultitis,Ⅳ.經(jīng)典課文原句.Recently，however，scientistshave_