2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三一模英語試題（WORD版）

10/1209/12/2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三一模英語試題一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GrayHairCanReturntoItsOriginalColorFew?signs?ofoldageareclearerthan?thesightof?grayhair.____1____wegrowolder,our?strandsofhair?losetheiryouthfulcolor.Althoughthismayseemlikeapermanentchange,newresearch?reveals?thatgrayhairs____2____?miraculously?regaincolor—atleasttemporarily.Inone1972paper,the?late?doctor?StanleyComaishreportedanisolatedcaseofa38-year-oldman,withhisthreestrands____3____(be)lightneartheendsbutdarkneartheroots.Thissignaledareversalinthenormalgrayingprocess,____4____beginsattheroot.AnewstudyfromresearchersatColumbiaUniversityisthefirst____5____(offer)quantitativeevidencelinkingpsychologicalstresstograyinghairinpeople.Havinganalyzedindividualhairsfrom14volunteers,researcherscomparedtheresultswitheachvolunteer’sstressdiary,inwhichindividuals’reviewoftheircalendarsandeachweek’slevelofstressratedareincluded.Whenhairswerealignedwith(與……對照)stressdiaries,strikingassociationsbetweenstressandhairgraying____6____(reveal)and,insomecases,therewasareversalofgrayingwhenstresswasremoved.Therewasoneindividualwhowentonalongvacation,andfivehairsonthatperson’sheadreturnedbacktodarkduringthevacation.Althoughitmayseemeasytounderstand____7____stresscanspeedupgraying,theresearchersweresurprisedtodiscoverthathaircolorcanberestoredwhenstressiseased.Wecouldpicturehairasapowerfultooltoassesstheeffectsof____8____(early)lifeeventsonaging—becausehairprovidesakindofphysicalrecordofpastevents,much____9____theringsofatree.It’sprettyclearthatthehairencodespartofyourbiologicalhistoryinsomeway.Hairgrowsoutofthebody,andthenitcrystallizesinto_____10_____hardandstablethatholdsthememoryofyourpast.二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全短文Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．lonely????B．convey????C．touches????D．inconvenience????E.widely????F.accompanyingG.composition????H.captures????I.abandon????J.sensory????K.wearing????AnInnovativePainterAlanisapioneeringpainter,workingwithoilpaintoncanvasinatraditionalway.Itisonlyinhisuseofpaintthathediffersfromtheusualpracticeofusingbrushes.Althoughhedoesuseabrushtodrawthemainlinesofhis____11____,heusespaintingknivestoapplythepaint.Earlyonhefoundthatpaintlaidonwithpaintingknivesgavehimtheparticularbodyandtexture(質(zhì)地)hewantedto____12____hissubjects.Theknifeiscapableofanenormousvarietyofmarks,fromdelicate____13____tofiercesweepingandslicesofpaint.Theknife’ssharpedgedmarkscreatetheirowndynamicoflightandshade.Alanpossessesmanypaintingknivesofdifferentsizes,buttendstofavourthreeorfour,whicharenow____14____thinwithconstantuse.Heisstilldiscoveringnewpossibilitieswiththeknife,drivenbythedemandsofanewsubject.AlthoughAlan’spaintingsaremadeinthestudio,theyareallcomposedfromdrawingsmadeoutdoors.Thesedrawingsaretheseedcornonwhichallhispaintingsarebased.Themarksthatgodownonpapermakesurehe____15____notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight,thedirectionofthewindandthe____16____soundsandsmells.Forthepainter,thewhole____17____experienceremainsfixedwithinthedrawinglongafterhehasleftthescene.ThroughouthislifeAlanhastravelled____18____forparticularplacesthatfuelhiscreativeimagination.Heisanadventurousseeker,regardlessofthe____19____ordifficultyofsomeofthelocations.Longagohedecidedto____20____theideaofworkingonlargeoilpaintingsoutofdoorsbecauseitinvolvedcanvases,oilpaintsandmanyothertoolsaround.Henowtravelslight,takingonlysketchbooks,pensandafewwatercolourswithhim.Thisgiveshimthefreedomtodrawanywhereandtocatchthefleetingmoment—the“here-and-now-ness”oftheplace.三、完形填空Beeshaveevolvedtobeskilledlivingbuildersthatcanbuildthingsmanytimestheirsize.BeesinspiredMirkoKovac,aroboticisttodevelopawaytoimprovetheflexibilityof3Dprinting.A____21____3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle(噴嘴),andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.DrKovac’steamhasremovedthe____22____bygivingtheprinternozzlewings.InthelatesteditionofNature,DrKovacdescribesasystemofflyingrobotsthatiscomposedoftwotypesofdrones:buildersandscanners.Thebuilderscarrythe3D-printingnozzle.Thescannersarerobotsequippedwithcamerasthatare____23____formonitoringtheprogressofthebuilders.Inthebuildingprocess,buildersandscannerscarryouttheirrespectivetasksand____24____printingandadjusting,layerbylayer,untilastructureiscomplete.First,abuilderkeepsflyingoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetofthebuildingmaterial.Thechoiceofmaterialisimportant—itmustbelightweightenoughforthedronestocarrybut____25____enoughtoholdthefollowinglayersthatwillbebuiltontop.Oncethebuilderrobothasreleasedalayerofmaterial,thescannerrobotfliesoverand____26____theprogress.Thesystemthencomputesthenextlayerthatthebuildershouldmake,whilealsocorrectingforanyerrorthatmighthavebeendiscoveredinwhathasalreadybeenbuilt.Thesecouldbeerrorsmadebythebuilder-dronesor____27____intheexpansionofthebuildingmaterial.Atthispoint,peoplecanalsomanuallyadjusttheprocess,____28____andcorrectingcoursewherenecessary.Theresearcherstestedthesystem’s____29____bybuildingbothalargecylinder(圓柱體)andasmallcylinder.Thetaskswerenotsimple.Makingcirclesontopofothercircleswouldnothaveworked,becausetheperfectmatchrequiredinpositionwouldhavebeenimpracticaltoachieve._____30_____,thebuilderrobotprintedwindingcirclesthatinterleavedwith(交錯；嵌入)thelayersaboveandbelow,toensuremaximumstability.ThecylindersbuiltbyDrKovac’srobotssuccessfullymeettherequirementsoftheBritishbuildingcodes._____31_____theserobotshavebeenshowntobecapableofmanufacturing,DrKovacsaystheirmaintaskwillprobablybe,initially,inrepair.Becausetheflyingrobotscan,intheory,operateanywhere,theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwise_____32_____places.DrKovacsaysthathisrobotscouldbeusedto_____33_____andsealleaksinpipelinesorfixcracksontallbuildings.Theserobotscouldbe_____34_____toworkmorequickly,cheaplyandwithlessrisktohumans.Thinkingmorelongterm,DrKovacseesa_____35_____futureforhisconstructionrobots,buildingonthesurfacesoftheMoonorMars.ButwhatwecansayforsureisthatitwillmakeahugedifferencetoconstructiononEarth.21．A．typical B．latest C．precise D．popular22．A．part B．characteristic C．limitation D．shortage23．A．suitable B．responsible C．famous D．ready24．A．goon B．workon C．taketurns D．contributeto25．A．massive B．stable C．strong D．flexible26．A．makes B．improves C．inspects D．continues27．A．misguidance B．imbalance C．misuse D．imperfection28．A．changing B．supervising C．a(chǎn)rranging D．measuring29．A．features B．weaknesses C．capabilities D．responses30．A．Moreover B．Meanwhile C．Otherwise D．Instead31．A．Because B．While C．If D．After32．A．remote B．unavailable C．inaccessible D．deserted33．A．spot B．squeeze C．replace D．remove34．A．inquired B．intended C．expanded D．a(chǎn)ssigned35．A．vague B．demanding C．distant D．potential四、閱讀理解IfIhaveagoalinlife,itisn’ttobedrivingaRolls-Royce.It’stobegivingawaymorethan$1,000,000ayearandhavinganimpactonpeople’slives.IhavethesuccesstodaybecauseIalwayshadtoworkforwhatIwanted.Igrewupaccustomedtorisksanddisappointments,soIwasusedtomovingforward,nomatterwhat.In2008,IwenttoLosAngeleswhereItriedtogethiredasanagent,ananalystandafinancialbroker.Unfortunately,allthesedoorsslammedinmyface.Theworld’seconomywasinabadstate,soIknewIwouldhavetodoalittlespinningofmyown.Youthinvolvesacertaininnocencebutalsoperseverance.Theword“can’t”wasn’tinmyvocabulary.IpartneredwithafriendbuyingdistressedmultifamilypropertiesaroundHouston.Eventhoughwewereenthusiasticandbackedwithstart-upsums,Ididn’tmakeadealwork.Myfriendmovedontootherprojects.Alone,Iputallmymoneyintothenextreal-estateproject.Iputthetimein,Idreamedit,butonceagainthedealfellthrough.Twomonthslater,though,thedealcamebackaround.Thatwaswhenthepathopened,luckchanged,andIwasreadytoformmyowncompany.Ihaven’tlookedback.Onlyahead.I’mnowabletogivebacktocommunitiesandcauses.Idonateabout$500,000ayear,muchofthatgoingtoresearchtocurerarediseases.WealsosupportalotofservicesfordisadvantagedchildreninHoustonandotherplaces.Ihavealwaysbeensomeonewhocanseethebigpictureandhaveneverbeendistractedbythingsthatgetintheway.Therearelessonstobelearned,andthebiggestofthoseistokeepgoing.Youmayhavetochangethepath,butalwayskeepthatvisioninfrontofyou.36．Whichofthefollowingabouttheauthoristrue?A．Hedonatedalotofmoneytoimprovehiscompany’simage.B．Heoftenencountereddifficultiesintheprocessofgrowingup.C．Hestartedhisowncompanytogetherwithafriend.D．HechangedjobsseveraltimeswhileinLosAngeles.37．Bysaying“doalittlespinningofmyown”inthesecondparagraph,theauthorprobablymeanshewould_____________.A．lookforapart-timejobindependently B．makehiscontributionstotheeconomyC．giveintothedisappointingreality D．beself-employedtodevelophiscareer38．Whichqualityoftheauthorisnotshowninthepassage?A．Perseverance. B．Optimism. C．Innocence. D．Kindness.39．Whichoneisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A．SayingNoto“TurningBack” B．TipsforaSuccessfulBusinessC．JumpingoverEconomicDownturns D．ALife-timePursuitofDream??Justa2-minutewalkfromtheterminals,ShortStayisidealformeetingordroppingpassengersandagreatchoiceforshorttripsawayandbusinessmeetings.??YoucanbookShortStayparkinginadvancefordurationsoveronehouruptotwohourspriortoyourarrival,subjecttoavailability.??2-minutewalkfromtheTerminaldoors.??LEDlightingtohelplocateyourparkingspot.??AutomatedNumberPlateRecognitionand‘CarFinder’system.??24/7security??HeathrowLongStayParkingisidealifyou’regoingawayforweek-longtripsormore.??SimplybookLongStayparkingforyourtripordriveuptoanyLongStaycarpark.AttheentrybarrieryourregistrationwillberecognisedandaticketwillbeprintedshowingyourregistrationandBookingReference.Oncethebarrieropens,youmayproceedtothezoneindicated.??Usetheintercompointsatthebusstopstorequestapick-up.??Youwon'tfindourparkingcheaperanywhereelse.??Shuttlebusesrunevery10-15minutestotheterminaldoors??FreeWifionshuttlebuses.??24/7security??Theidealsolutionfortime-poorbusinesstravelersandotherpassengerswhowanttotravelefficientlyandinstyle.??BusinessparkingisavailableinTerminals2&3andTerminal5withnorequirementtohandinyourkeys.??Business-classshuttlebuseswithminimalwaittimes.??FreeWi-Fionshuttlebuses.??24/7security.??MeetandGreetparkingisoneofthemostconvenient,worry-freewaystoparkyourcaratHeathrow.JustdriveyourvehicletoourShortStaycarpark,leaveyourkeyswithusandwe’lldotherest!??Shortwalktoterminal.??Notransferneeded—justdropyourcarandoffyougo.??24/7secureparking.??Nowaitforcaronreturn.PLEASENOTE:Heathrowcurrentlydoesn’tprovideEV(electricvehicle)chargingfacilities.Withthisinmind,werecommendthatallcustomersdrivingEVstotheairportchargethemadequatelybeforearrival.40．Whichparkingfacilitymaytakeyouthelongesttravellingtimetotheterminals?A．ShortStay B．LongStay C．Business D．Meet&Greet41．UnderwhichcircumstancemayapassengerchooseBusinessParking?A．AtravelerwhowouldliketoenjoyfreeWi-Fiattheairport.B．Astudentwhohasanefficientplanontravellingeconomically.C．Amanagerwhorunsonatightscheduleandmaymisshisflight.D．Alocalwhoneedstopickuphisfriendfromalongflight.42．Whichoneofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheadvertisement?A．Youmayusethe“CarFinder”systemtolocateyourvehicleatBusinessParking.B．IfyouleaveyourcaratMeet&Greet,itisuptoyoutoguaranteeitssafety.C．Ifyouintendtotakea10-daytrip,you’dbetterparkyourvehicleatShortStay.D．PassengersdrivingEVsshouldchargetheirbatterybeforeparkingattheairport.CognitiveProcessingTherapy(CPT),along-termpsychologicaltherapy,isaspecifictypeofcognitivebehavioraltherapywhichreducespost-traumaticstressdisorder(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙)symptomsafternaturaldisasters.Typically,CPTisdeliveredover12sessionstohelppatientslearnhowtomodifynegativeattitudesandpracticesrelatedtotheirtrauma.Thegoalisthatthepatientthencreatesanew,morepositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticevent,whichreduceson-goingnegativeeffectsonthepatient’scurrentlife.Itspecificallyfocusesonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,powerandcontrol,etc.Deliveredbothindividuallyandinstructuredgroupsessions,itallowsformultipledifferentpathstoreceiveeffectivetreatments.Insomestudies,ithasshowntobehelpfulincaseswheremedicinealonehasnotworked.BecauseCPTfocusesonretrainingthoughtsandbehaviorstoformpracticalstrategiesthatcanbeappliedtoeverydaylife.Comparedtoothertalk-therapies,ithasbeenespeciallysuccessful,becauseitcanbecompletedinabriefperiodoftime,allowingforalowerpatientdropoutrate.Italsoenhancesbrainconnectivity,whichlessenslong-termimpactsoftrauma.Thisincreasedconnectivityiswhycognitivebehavioraltherapyisoftenarguedtobemoreeffectivethanmedicine.Ontheotherhand,therearealsomultipledisadvantagestoCPT.Duetoitsstructurednature,itmaynotbesuitableforpeoplewithmorecomplexmentalhealthneedsorlearningdifficulties.Additionally,sinceitinvolvesfacinguptoemotionsandfears,patientsmayexperienceinitialperiodsofadditionalanxietyordiscomfort.Sometherapistsalsoarguethatbecauseitonlyaddressescurrentproblemsandspecificissuesitdoesnotaddresspossiblefundamentalcausesofmentalhealthconditions,andbecauseitfocusesontheindividual’scapacitytochangethemselvesitdoesnotaddresswidersystemproblemsthathaveasignificantimpactonapatient’shealthandwell-being.However,focusingmainlyonpost-naturaldisasters,regardlessofpre-disasterhealth,CPThasbeenrepeatedlyproventobearathersuccessfultreatmentapproach.AlthoughtherehavenotbeenstudiesgeneralizingCPTforchildren,itisaneffectivetreatmentforadults.ThecleareffectivenessofCPTdemonstratestheimportanceofpatient-specifictherapiesthatareuniquetotheexperiencesofindividualpatients.43．Accordingtothepassage,CPTisintendedtohelppatients_________.A．learnhowtomodifyvariousnegativeattitudesandpracticesB．cultivateapositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticeventsC．minimizeon-goingnegativeeffectsontheirpreviousandcurrentlifeD．focusonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,power,control,etc.44．Comparedwithothertalk-therapies,whatfeaturecontributestotheeffectivenessofCPT?A．Itsmultipletreatingassignments.B．Itsapplicablestrategiesindailylife.C．Itshighertreatmentfulfillment.D．Itsbrainconnectivityenhancement.45．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Post-disasterhealthisnottakenintoconsiderationintheCPT.B．CPTprovestobethemostsuccessfultreatmentapproachsofar.C．MoreresearchesmightbeconductedintotheeffectivenessofCPTinchildren.D．CPTaddressesthefundamentalcausesofpatients’mentalhealthconditions.46．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．TheapplicationofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.B．Anintroductiontoalong-termpsychologicaltherapy.C．Abreakthroughinthepsychologicalmedicalfield.D．ThelimitationsofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.五、六選四AtaLossforWordsImagineafriendisheadingouttofaceadifficulttask.Asalastwordbeforetheydisappear,youwanttoencouragethem.Whatmightyousay?IfyouarespeakingEnglish,thelikeliestchoiceis“goodluck”.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,thatisalittleodd.Thoughyoumightindeedhopelucksmilesonyourfriend,neithertheynoryoucandomuchabouttheprobability.____47____ThatiswhytheFrench,inthissituation,say“boncourage”,not“goodluck”.Englishdoesnotallowyoutopairanyoldadjectivewithanyoldnouninafixedexpression.Youmaywishsomeone“goodmorning”,“goodafternoon”or“goodnight”,butnot“goodweekend”.____48____However,inotherlanguagesitisperfectlyusual.____49____English-speakerswisheachotherahappybirthday,butspeakersofmanyotherlanguagessay“congratulations”asifthebirthdaygirlhaddonesomethingimpressivemerelybysurvivinganotheryear.TheDutchalsosay“gefeliciteerd”tomembersofthefamily,includingtheonewhoreallydeservescongratulating:themother.Thisisclosetoobligatory(義務(wù)的)，whileitwouldcomeasastrangesurpriseinEnglish.Itistemptingtodrawdeepculturalconclusionsfromthepresenceofthisortheabsenceofthatinalanguage.____50____Forexample,theEnglishdosaythetypicalFrenchwordsbonvoyageandbonappétit,andthere’snoreasontostopthere.Congratulateyourmother-in-lawonyourwife’sbirthday,andyoucanprepareforadelightedsmileback.Itmayseemawkwardortrickyatfirstbutyoucanmakeitstickifyoutry.A．Specialoccasionsareanotherwayinwhichlanguagesdiffer.B．Itisnaturaltobecriticaloflanguagesthatlackexpressionsyouthinknecessary.C．Whatyoureallywanttowishthemiscouragenotfortune.D．HavingnoEnglishequivalentisannoyingforthosewhoareusedtoit.E．Youcansaythatphraseifyoulike,butyourneighbourwouldlookatyoustrangely.F．Butnothavingawordforsomethingdoesn’tmeanyoucan’tcoinone—orborrowit.六、概要寫作51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhyCampingCanBeSoMuchFun?Whenyougoonholiday,wheredoyouliketostay?Ifyouhaven’ttriedcamping,maybeyoushouldjointheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthesimplepleasuresofcamping.Bygrabbingyourtent,andsomeadditionalthings,it’seasytoheadofftothecountrysideandenjoyanightortwounderthestars.Manycampersaredumpingthetrappingsoftheirmodern,busylifetodothis,encouragedbyexpertswhosayafewpeacefulnightsinthemiddleofnowheremightbeagoodwaytorelaxandimproveoursleeppatternsandwell-being.Itisalso,ofcourse,agoodlow-budgetholidayoption.Fortheadventurous,wildcampingisanidealwaytoescapefromreality.Armedwithjustsomefoodandasleepingbag,you’refreefromrules,awayfromotherpeople,andabletoenjoytheback-to-basicsexperience.Butforthosewhostillwantsomehomecomforts,acampsiteisamoresuitableplacetofixyourtent.Hereyouhavefacilitiessuchaswashrooms,ashopandmaybeevenarestaurant.Andforthemostluxuriouscampingexperience,youcouldtryglamping,atypeofcampingassociatedwithextremecomfortsandluxury.Morerecently,salesofcampingequipmenthavejumpedasmorepeoplehavechosenavacationspentathometownduetotravelrestrictionscausedbythepandemic.Onecampingretailer,Halfords,reportedasharpriseindemandforproductssuchasstoves,coolboxesandcampingchairs.Withtheadditionofsoftpillows,powerfultorchesandlampstolightupyourtentandabetterselectionofeasy-to-cookfood,youcanalmostguaranteeacomfortableandenjoyablecampingexpedition.Somaybeit’stimetogivecampingatry.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、漢譯英（整句）52．她又把相冊攤開在桌上未收，這是常有的事。(leave)(漢譯英)53．不久又會有一顆用于監(jiān)測氣象的衛(wèi)星發(fā)射升空。(it)(漢譯英)54．在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中，紅燈籠象征生活美滿和生意興隆，通常在春節(jié)等節(jié)日懸掛。(symbolize)(漢譯英)55．在偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)，空氣很純凈，莊稼也不受污染，人們遠(yuǎn)離城市的喧囂，過著簡單而閑適的生活。(free)(漢譯英)八、其他應(yīng)用文56．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你校學(xué)生會正在征集志愿者活動方案，請?jiān)谝韵氯?xiàng)活動中選擇一項(xiàng)：一、深入社區(qū)宣傳環(huán)保知識；二、擔(dān)任“奉賢博物館”義務(wù)講解員；三、去孤兒院為孩子們上興趣課。請你給學(xué)生會寫封郵件，內(nèi)容須包括：1.你的選擇及理由2.你準(zhǔn)備如何做___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________02/1201/12/參考答案：1．As????2．can##could##may##might????3．being????4．which????5．tooffer????6．wererevealed????7．that????8．earlier????9．like????10．something##the11．G????12．B????13．C????14．K????15．H????16．F????17．J????18．E????19．D????20．I21．