2023年雅思劍橋真題長(zhǎng)難句解析

1.Ｔｈｅscｅｎtsｈｅcaｒｒiedinｈeｒsａmｐｌｅsａｎdonhｅｒｂｏdywａsaｍeｓｓagｅｔoｔhｅotｈeｒbeesthａt(yī)ｔｈiｓｗaｓtheｏneｔheｙwｅrｅlookｉｎgfor.（劍４,GｅｎeralTrainingTesｔBｓeｃｔiｏn３)?分析：本句的主句為“Tｈesceｎｔwａsamessagetｏthｅotherｂees”;“shecaｒｒｉeｄiｎhersamｐlesａndｏnhｅｒbody”為定語(yǔ)從句,做Ｔｈｅsｃent的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，因此被省掉;“thaｔtｈisｗastｈeonetheyｗerelookｉngfor”為thａt(yī)引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，做ameｓsage的同位語(yǔ);“ｔｈｅywｅｒｅlooｋinｇfoｒ”為定語(yǔ)從句,做theone的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做foｒ的賓語(yǔ)，因此被省掉。?2．Soonｈewoｕｌdalsodiscoveｒanｕmberofothｅrremａrkableｆａｃtsａｂouthoｗｂeescoｍmunicateand，iｎdoinｇso,rｅvolｕｔioniｚｅｔｈestudyｏfanimalbehaviｏrgenerally．（劍4,ＧenｅrａlTｒainingTeｓtＢｓection3)

分析:本句的主句為“hewouｌｄalsｏｄiscoveｒanumｂeroｆｏthｅrremarkablefａctsabouｔ…anｄreｖolutionｉｚｅthestudyofaｎiｍａlbehaｖiｏrgenｅrally”；“howbeesｃｏmmuｎicate”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做介詞aｂouｔ的賓語(yǔ)。

3．Theｒeｈad,ofcｏuｒse,ｂeenｄictｉｏnａrｉesintheｐast,ｔｈｅｆirｓtofthｅsebeiｎgalittlｅbookofsome1２0pａgｅs,comｐileｄbyａcｅrtainＲobertCaｗｄray,ｐｕblishedin1604ｕndeｒｔｈetitｌeATａｂleＡlｐhaｂetｉcaｌｌ‘ｏfｈarduｓualEngｌｉshwords＇.(劍５,Tesｔ1passａge１）?分析：本句主句“Therehaｄbeenｄicｔionaｒies”；“ｔhefiｒｓtoftｈｅｓeｂeingaｌittlｅbookofｓｏｍe1２０pages,ｃompiledbyａceｒｔａｉnRｏbertCawｄray,ｐｕｂlisｈedin１６04uｎdｅrtｈetｉtlｅATａbｌeAlphａbｅticall‘ｏfharduｓuaｌＥｎglishwoｒdｓ'”為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中“compiledbyaｃertainRobeｒtCawdraｙ”和“ｐuｂlｉsｈedin1６04undｅrthｅtｉｔleATａbleAlphａbeticaｌl‘ofhaｒｄｕｓuａlEｎｇlｉshwords'”均為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，做alｉttlｅbｏok的定語(yǔ)。

４.ＩtishighlyapprｏpｒiatethatＤｒSamuelＪohnsｏｎ,ｔhｅvｅrymoｄelofaneighteenth－cenｔurｙｌｉｔeraｒyｍaｎ,asｆamouｓinhisoｗntimeａsｉnoｕrs,ｓhouldhａvepubliｓhedhiｓDｉcｔiｏnarｙatthｅverybeｇinｎingofｔhehｅydayｏfthemidｄｌeclass．（劍5,Ｔｅｓt１pasｓagｅ1)?分析:本句的主句為“Itｉshｉｇhlyappropｒｉａｔethat…”,其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,即“thatDrSamuelＪohnson，tｈeveｒymｏｄeｌｏfaｎeighteenth-centuryｌiｔerａｒymａn,asfａmoｕsinhｉｓoｗntimｅaｓiｎoｕrs,ｓｈｏuｌdhａvepubｌishedhisDictionａryatthｅverｙｂegｉnnｉｎgofthｅｈeydａｙoftｈemｉdｄlecｌasｓ”；在主語(yǔ)從句中“theveｒymｏdelofaｎeighteenth-ceｎｔｕryliteｒａrymaｎ”為DrSaｍuelJohnson的同位語(yǔ)，“aｓｆaｍｏuｓinhｉｓｏwｎtimeasinｏurs”為DｒSａmｕelJohnｓon的定語(yǔ)。?５.Hｉsａpprｏachｔoｔheprｏblemsthathadｗｏｒriedｗritersｔhｒouｇhouttｈelaｔesｅvｅｎteeｎｔｈandearlyeighteｅｎthceｎturiesｗａsiｎtｅnｓelｙｐｒactical.(劍5,Ｔｅst1passagｅ１)?分析：本句的主句為“Hｉsapprｏａｃhtothｅpｒｏblｅmswaｓｉntenselypracticaｌ”;“tｈａt(yī)hadｗorriｅdwriterｓthroughoｕtthelaｔeｓｅventeｅnｔhaｎdearlyｅighteenｔｈｃenｔuries”為定語(yǔ)從句,做theprｏbｌｅms的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為tｈaｔ。?６.Ｈewastoｂepａid￡１，５75iniｎｓtaｌlmｅnts，aｎdfrｏｍthisｈetookmoｎeytoｒenｔ１7GｏughSquarｅ，ｉnｗhichheｓetuｐｈis‘ｄictiｏnaryｗｏrｋshｏp'.（劍５，Test1passaｇｅ1)?分析:本句為并列句，“Hewａsｔobepaid￡1,575iｎiｎstallments”和“fｒomｔhisｈetookmonｅytorent17ＧouｇｈSqｕaｒe,ｉｎwｈichｈｅｓetuphiｓ‘ｄictionａｒｙworkshop'.”并列,由and連接；“inｗhichheｓetｕpｈｉs‘diｃtionaｒyｗorkshｏp'.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做1７GｏughSqｕare的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為ｗｈich。?7.JamｅsＢｏｓwelｌ,hisbiogｒａｐhｅr,ｄｅsｃriｂedtｈｅgarretwｈeｒeＪoｈｎsonworkｅdas‘fittｅduplikeacｏuntiｎghouse＇wiｔhalｏngｄeskｒｕnniｎgdownthemiｄdleatwhiｃｈthecｏｐｙingｃlerkｓwｏuｌｄworkstandｉnｇup.（劍5,Teｓt1paｓsaｇｅ１)

分析:本句主句為“ＪaｍesＢosweｌｌdescｒiｂedthｅgａｒreｔａs‘fｉtteduplikeａcouｎｔinghouｓe'ｗithalongdesk.”；“hisｂiograｐher”為JaｍesBoswelｌ的同位語(yǔ);“wｈereＪoｈnsonｗｏｒkｅd”為定語(yǔ)從句，做tｈegａrret的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為wｈeｒe;“runningdoｗnthemiｄdle”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),做aloｎｇdｅsk的定語(yǔ)；“ａt(yī)whicｈtheｃopｙinｇclｅrkswoｕｌdworksｔａndｉngup”為定語(yǔ)從句,做lｏngdesｋ的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為wｈiｃh。

8.Hewasalｓohelpedbｙsixasｓistanｔs,twｏofwhomdieｄｗhilstthedｉctionaｒｙｗaｓstｉｌｌinｐreparatｉon.(劍５，Ｔesｔ１passage1）

分析:本句主句為“Hewasaｌｓohelpedbysixａssｉstaｎts”；“twｏofwhｏmｄieｄwｈilstthedictionａrywasｓtilliｎpreｐaration”為定語(yǔ)從句,做sｉxａｓsistants的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為whom；在定語(yǔ)從句中,“wｈiｌｓｔtｈediｃｔｉonａｒywassｔillinpreparaｔion”為whilst引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

9.ThefactthatJohnsｏnhａdtａkenoｎthｅAｃademiesofEｕｒｏpｅandmatchedthｅm(ｅｖeryoneｋｎewthaｔｆｏｒtyFreｎｃhaｃademｉcshadｔａｋｅｎfortyｙearｓtoprodｕcethefirstFrencｈｎatｉoｎaｌdicｔｉｏnarｙ)wasｃausｅfｏrmuchEnｇlｉshcｅlｅbratioｎ.（劍5,Ｔest１ｐａssagｅ1)

分析：本句的主句為“TｈefaｃtwascaｕseforｍuchＥnｇlishｃelebraｔion”；“thａt(yī)JｏｈnsｏｎｈadtakｅnoｎtheAcａdｅｍiesoｆEurｏpeandmａｔchｅdｔhem”為thaｔ引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，做Thｅfaｃｔ的同位語(yǔ);括號(hào)中部分起到解釋說(shuō)明的作用。?１０.Aｆｅwyearsａgo，inoneofｔhemｏsｔｆaｓcinａt(yī)ingａndｄiｓｔｕrｂingexperimｅｎtsiｎbehａvｉoｕrａｌpsycｈology,StanleyＭｉlgｒamｏfYａleＵnｉｖｅrsitｙtｅstｅｄ４0sｕbｊectｓfromａllwalkｓofliｆeforｔhｅiｒwiｌlinｇnｅsstoobｅｙｉｎsｔrｕｃtiｏnsgｉvenbya‘leadeｒ'iｎａsituａt(yī)ioninwhｉcｈthesｕｂjectsｎｉgｈｔfeelapｅrｓｏnａｌdisｔasｔefｏｒｔheacｔionstheywｅrecalledｕpontopｅｒforｍ.(劍5,Teｓｔ１ｐassａge2）?分析：本句主句為“SｔanleyMｉlｇrａｍoｆYaleＵniveｒsｉtytested40subjectsfroｍallｗａlksoflｉfefｏｒｔｈeirwilliｎgneｓｓｔoobeｙinstｒuctionsgivenｂya‘leader'inａsiｔuation”；“Ａｆewyeaｒｓagｏ，iｎonｅofthemostfａscｉnatiｎgａｎｄdisｔurbingexpeｒimentsinbehaｖiｏurａｌｐsｙchologｙ”為狀語(yǔ)；“inwｈichthesubjｅcｔsnｉghtfeelapeｒsonaｌdisｔａsｔｅｆortｈeactｉonstheyｗerecaｌleｄｕpｏntoperfｏrm”為定語(yǔ)從句，做asitｕation的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為which,其中“ｔｈeywｅrecａｌlｅdｕpｏnｔoperfｏrm”也為定語(yǔ)從句，做theactioｎs的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在該定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ),因此被省掉。

1１.Milgramtoldeａchｖoｌｕnｔeeｒ‘teacｈer-subｊｅｃt'ｔｈａt(yī)theexperimentｗasｉnthenｏblｅcausｅofedｕｃaｔion,aｎdwasｄeｓigｎeｄtoｔestwhetherornoｔpunishiｎｇpupilsｆortheｉrmiｓtａkeswouldhaveａpositiveeffeｃｔontｈeｐupil'saｂilitytolｅarn.(劍5,Tesｔ1passage２）

分析：本句的主句為“Miｌgｒamｔoldｅaｃhvolｕnｔeer‘ｔeacheｒ－subjecｔ'thａt(yī)…”;“thatｔheeｘｐerｉmentwasｉｎtｈeｎｏblecauseofeduｃａｔioｎ,aｎdwasｄeｓigneｄtｏtｅsｔwhethｅrornoｔｐunishingpupiｌsforthｅｉrｍiｓｔakｅswouｌdhaveapositiveeffecｔonthｅpupil'saｂilitytoｌearn.”為賓語(yǔ)從句,做動(dòng)詞toｌd的賓語(yǔ)；“wｈetｈeｒorｎｏtpｕnisｈingpｕpilｓfortheirmistaｋｅswoｕldｈaｖeａpoｓitivｅe(cuò)ｆfectｏntｈepuｐiｌ＇sabiｌitｙｔoｌeａrn”為whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,做test的賓語(yǔ)。1.Tｈeｔeacｈer-subjｅctwaｓtｏｌdthatwhｅneverthepupiｌgａvetheｗronganｓwｅrtoaqｕeｓｔion,asｈｏckwａstobeａdmｉｎｉｓteｒed,begｉｎningaｔｔｈeｌowestlevelanｄincreaｓinginseverｉtywｉtｈeaｃｈsucｃｅssivewroｎgａｎswer.(劍5,Test１paｓsage2）分析：本句的主句為“Thｅｔｅacher－sｕbjecｔwasｔoldtｈａt(yī)…”;“ｔｈatwｈｅｎeveｒｔheｐupilｇavetｈeｗrｏnganswertｏaqｕesｔion,aｓhockwasｔobeadministered,beｇｉnniｎgatthelowestleveｌaｎdincreaｓｉngｉnseverityｗitheａｃhsucceｓsiｖewroｎgansweｒ”為thａt(yī)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做ｔell的賓語(yǔ)；在該賓語(yǔ)從句中“aｓhocｋwasｔｏbeａｄminｉsｔereｄ”為主句，而“wheneveｒthepuｐiｌgavｅｔhewroｎgansｗｅrｔoaｑuestioｎ”為wｈenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間裝語(yǔ)從句,在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，“begｉnnｉngatthｅlｏｗestleveｌandiｎcrｅasｉｎgｉnseveｒitｙwiｔheachsucｃessivｅwroｎgａnswer”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做隨著狀語(yǔ)。2.Miｌｇｒamtoｌdtheteacheｒ-ｓubjeｃｔｔoiｇnｏrethereａｃｔｉoｎsofthepｕpil，anｄｔoaｄｍiniｓteｒwhaｔevｅrｌｅvelｏｆshockｗascａlledfor，ａｓpertherｕｌegoveｒningthｅe(cuò)xperiｍｅｎtaｌsｉｔｕationｏｆthemoment.(劍５，Ｔesｔ1pａsｓage2)分析:本句的主句為“Milgｒamｔoｌdtheteａｃher-sｕbjecttoignorethereactionsｏftｈepupｉl,andtoadminiｓterｗｈａt(yī)ｅvｅrlevelofshoｃkwascaｌledfor”；其中“whａt(yī)ｅverｌevｅlofｓhockwascalｌedfor”為whａt(yī)evｅr引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,做adminisｔer的賓語(yǔ);ａsper為介詞短語(yǔ),意為依據(jù)，根據(jù);“ｇoｖerniｎgｔheｅxｐerimenｔａlsｉｔuatioｎｏｆtｈｅｍoment”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),做therule的定語(yǔ)。3.Asｔheexpeｒimentunfoldeｄ,tｈepｕpilwｏｕldｄｅfｉnitelｙgiveｔhewrongansｗeｒstoqueｓｔｉonspｏｓｅdbyｔｈeｔeacｈeｒ,theｒeｂybringingonvariouseleｃtricaｌpｕnｉｓhmｅnts,evenｕpｔoｔhedaｎgeｒlevｅｌof30０voltsａndbｅyｏnd．（劍5,Test1passａge２)分析:本句主句“thepupiｌｗｏuldｄefｉnｉｔelygiｖeｔｈｅwｒoｎｇansｗerｓtoquestioｎs”;“Ａｓｔheexpeｒｉmeｎtuｎｆｏlｄｅd”為Aｓ引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,做該主句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);“posｅdbｙthｅteaｃhｅr”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),做ｑueｓtions的定語(yǔ);“bringingｏnvａｒiouselecｔricalｐuｎishmeｎts,evｅnuptｏtｈeｄangerlevelｏｆ３００vｏｌtｓaｎdbeyond”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),做主句的隨著狀語(yǔ)。４.Ｉnthesesitｕations,Milｇramcalmlyｅｘplainｅdthａt(yī)theteacｈｅr-subjectwastoigｎorｅｔhｅpupil＇scrｉesfoｒｍercyandcarryｏnthｅe(cuò)xperｉｍenｔ.(劍5,Tｅst1passagｅ2)分析：本句的主句為“Ｍiｌｇｒaｍｃａlｍlyｅｘｐlaiｎedthaｔ…”;“ｔhattheｔeacheｒ－subjectｗastoｉｇnｏrｅｔhepｕpiｌ'scrｉesｆｏｒmercｙandcａrryontheｅxpｅｒｉmenｔ”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,做exｐlain的賓語(yǔ)；在該賓語(yǔ)從句中“toignorethｅｐuｐｉl'sｃrieｓfｏrmercyａndｃarｒyｏntheexpｅｒｉment”為不定式做表語(yǔ)。5．Ifｔhesｕbjeｃtwasstｉllreluctａｎttoｐroｃeeｄ,Milgramｓaidtｈａt(yī)itｗａsiｍportantfoｒthesaｋeｏftheexpeｒimenttｈaｔtheｐrocedｕrebefollowｅdthｒoughtotheeｎd．（劍5,Teｓｔ1passage2)分析:本句的主句為“Milｇｒａmsａidtｈaｔ…”;“Ｉftｈesubjectｗasｓtillrｅlｕｃｔanttopｒoｃeｅd”為If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；“tｈａｔitｗasimpｏrｔａｎtｆorthesａkeoftheeｘperiｍeｎtｔｈａｔthepｒocedurｅｂｅfolｌoweｄthrｏuｇｈtotheｅｎd.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做saｉd的賓語(yǔ);在該賓語(yǔ)從句“ｔｈatitwasｉmpｏrtaｎtｆorthｅsaｋeofthｅe(cuò)ｘperiｍentthaｔtheproceｄurebefolｌowedｔhroughtｏｔheend．”中,it為形式主語(yǔ)，“tｈattheprocedｕrebefolｌｏweｄthｒoｕｇhtotheend”為thａt(yī)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，是該賓語(yǔ)從句真正的主語(yǔ)。６．WhatＭilｇraｍｗastryｉngtodiｓcovｅrｗastｈenumbｅroｆtｅａcher-subjeｃtsｗhowouldbeｗillingtoadministｅrtheｈighｅsｔleveｌｓｏfｓｈoｃｋ，eveniｎthｅfaceofsｔｒoｎgpｅrｓonalａndmoralrｅvｕｌsionａgａｉnsttheruｌeｓandcｏndｉｔioｎｓｏftheexｐeｒiｍent．(劍5,Test1pａssａge2)分析:本句的主句為“WhatMilgrａmwａsｔryｉnｇtodisｃoverｗasｔhenumｂeｒoｆｔeacｈer-sｕｂｊects”;“ＷhatMilgrａmwasｔｒyingｔｏdiscoｖeｒ”為What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句;“whoｗoｕldbewillingｔoaｄminｉsterｔｈeｈｉgheｓtlｅｖeｌｓｏfshock,ｅｖeniｎtheｆaｃeofｓtｒｏnｇpeｒsonalandｍoｒａｌreｖｕlｓionａgaiｎsttherulｅsａndconditionsofｔhｅe(cuò)xpｅrimenｔ.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做teacｈer-sｕbjectｓ的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為wｈo。7．Ｐｒiｏrtｏｃarｒyingｏｕtｔheexperiｍeｎt,Milgraｍexｐlａｉnｅdhisideatoagｒｏupｏf3９psｙchｉatriｓｔsandaskeｄｔhemtoｐrｅdｉcttheaveｒａgepｅｒceｎtaｇeofpeopleinaｎordinａrｙpopｕlatiｏnwhowoulｄbeｗillinｇtoadministeｒthehighestｓhockleｖｅloｆ４50vｏｌts.(劍5,Teｓt１paｓsage2）分析:本句的主句為“Milgrａmexｐlaineｄhiｓｉdeａt(yī)oaｇrouｐｏｆ39psychiatristsandaskｅｄtｈeｍｔoｐredictｔｈeaｖerａｇepercentagｅofｐeopｌeiｎanｏrdinａrypoｐuｌatioｎ．”;“Priortocaｒryｉngouｔtｈeｅｘpｅｒiｍent”為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，ｐrioｒto相稱(chēng)于beｆｏre;“whowoulｄbewｉlliｎｇtoａdminisｔerthｅhｉgｈeｓｔsｈocklevelof45０ｖoltｓ．”為定語(yǔ)從句,做ａnorｄiｎaryｐopuｌａt(yī)ion的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為wｈｏ。８.Theoveｒwhelｍiｎｇｃonsｅｎsusｗaｓthatvirtｕaｌｌｙalltｈｅｔｅaｃhｅr－sｕbjectswouｌdrefｕsｅtoｏbeytheexｐｅｒimeｎtｅr．(劍5,Ｔest１ｐassage2）分析：本句主句為“Ｔheoveｒｗhｅlmiｎgconseｎｓuswasthat…”;“thaｔvirtuallyａｌlthｅteacｈer－suｂjectｓwouｌdreｆｕseｔoｏbｅytheｅxpeｒｉmenter”為表語(yǔ)從句，做was的表語(yǔ)。９.Theｐsychiａｔrisｔsfeltｔhat‘mostsｕbｊectｓwｏuldgobｅyond15０volts'aｎｄthｅyfuｒtｈerａｎticipaｔedｔｈatoｎlｙfourpercentwouｌｄｇｏuｐto3００vｏlｔs．(劍５,Test1pａssage2)分析:本句為并列句，“Ｔhepsｙcｈｉatｒistsfelｔｔhat‘mｏstsuｂjectswoｕldgｏbeyond150voｌｔｓ＇”和“ｔhｅｙfuｒtheranticipateｄthatonlyfourpｅrｃentｗouldｇoupto３00voltｓ”并列，由and連接;其中“ｔｈaｔ‘ｍoｓtsｕbjectｓｗoｕｌdｇobｅyｏnｄ1５0voltｓ＇”為tｈat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做ｆｅlｔ的賓語(yǔ),而“thａt(yī)ｏnlｙfourpercｅntwouldgｏｕｐto30０voltｓ”也為ｔｈat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做anticipaｔed的賓語(yǔ)。１0.Hｏwcａnwepｏssiｂｌyａccountｆorｔhisvasｔdiscrｅpancｙbｅtweｅnwhaｔｃaｌｍ，ｒaｔional,ｋnowlｅdgeablｅpeopｌｅpｒedｉctiｎthｅcｏｍfoｒｔoftｈeｉrstudyａndwhatｐrｅｓsured,flusteｒed,ｂｕtcoopeｒaｔivｅ‘ｔeａchers'ａｃｔｕallｙdoｉntheｌａboratoｒyofrｅallifｅ?（劍5，Ｔest1ｐassaｇe2）分析：本句主句為“Hｏwｃanwepｏｓｓiblyaｃｃounｔforthｉsvastｄｉsｃｒepaｎcybeｔween…ａnd…”;“wｈatcalm,ratiｏnａｌ，kｎｏwleｄgeａblepeｏpｌeprediｃtｉntｈecｏmfortoｆtheｉrstudy”和“whatｐrｅsｓｕｒed,flusｔereｄ,butcoopｅｒative‘ｔeａchｅrs'actuａllｙｄoiｎthelaｂoratｏrｙofreaｌlｉfｅ”均為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。11.Onｅ'ｓfirｓtinclinaｔionmightｂetoarguｅthａｔtheremusｔｂeｓoｍesortｏfbuilｔ-iｎanimaｌaggrｅssionｉnsｔｉncttｈａt(yī)wasaｃtｉvatｅｄbｙｔheexpeｒｉmｅnt,andthatMilｇrａm'sｔeachｅｒ-subjｅctｓwerejustｆollｏｗingaｇeneticneedｔｏdiｓｃhargｅthispｅｎｔ-upｐrimaｌurgｅontｏｔhｅｐuｐｉlｂyaｄｍiniｓteringtheelｅcｔricaｌshｏcｋ.(劍5,Tesｔ1ｐａｓsａge2)分析:本句的主句為“Oｎe＇sfiｒsｔincliｎatiｏnｍigｈtbeｔo…”;“toaｒｇｕeｔhａt(yī)therｅｍustbesomesoｒtｏfbuilt-ｉｎａnimaｌaｇgrｅｓsｉoninstincｔthaｔwaｓａctivａt(yī)ｅｄbｙｔｈeexperｉｍent，anｄｔhａt(yī)Milgram＇steacher-sｕbｊｅctsｗerejustfollowiｎgagｅｎetｉcneｅdtoｄischａrgetｈispent－ｕpｐrimａlｕｒgeoｎｔoｔhepｕpilｂｙadminiｓteｒiｎgｔhｅｅlectricalshock.”為不定式做表語(yǔ),做be的表語(yǔ);在此表語(yǔ)中“tｈattheremuｓｔbｅsoｍesｏｒｔofbuiｌｔ-inanimaｌaggｒｅssioninsｔinｃｔ”和“thatMilgraｍ'steacher－sｕbjｅｃtsweｒｅjｕstｆｏllowingagenｅtiｃneedtodischargetｈispent－upｐｒiｍaluｒgeontotheｐupilbyadｍiniｓteringthｅe(cuò)lecｔriｃalshock”并列,皆為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,做argue的賓語(yǔ)；“thatｗaｓａｃｔivatedbytｈｅe(cuò)ｘｐｅriｍenｔ”為定語(yǔ)從句,做inｓtｉnct的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。1.Asａｕdiencesｇｒew，soｄiｄtheｐlaｃｅsｗheｒｅfilmsｗeｒeshowｎ,fiｎishｉngupwｉththe‘ｇreatpｉｃｔureｐａlaｃｅｓ’oｆthe19２０ｓ，whichrivａleｄ,andoccasioｎaｌlysupersｅｄｅｄ，theatresanｄoperａ-houｓesinteｒmｓofopulｅncｅandspleｎdour.(劍4,GｅneralTrainiｎgTesｔAsectiｏn3）分析：本句的主句為倒裝句“soｄidｔｈeplaｃｅs”;“Asaudｉencｅｓgreｗ”為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；“wｈerefｉlmsｗｅｒesｈoｗｎ”為定語(yǔ)從句，做plａces的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為ｗheｒe；“finiｓhinguｐｗｉththe‘ｇrｅaｔｐｉcturepaｌaｃes’ｏftｈｅ1920ｓ”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做隨著狀語(yǔ);“whichrivａｌed,andｏccasiｏnalｌｙsuｐerseded,thｅatresａndopeｒａ-houseｓinｔermsofoｐuｌenceandspｌenｄoｕr.”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞為wｈiｃh。２.IｔwasaｂovｅallthｅＦｒｅｎch,follｏwedbｙtｈeＡmeriｃaｎs,whowerethemｏsｔｐａssioｎateeｘｐorｔerｓoｆthenewinvention,hｅlpinｇｔostartciｎemａinChｉna，Ｊapan,ＬatinAmericａaｎdRussia.（劍４,GｅｎｅralTrainingTestAｓecｔioｎ3）分析：本句的主句為“ＩｔwasabovｅａlltheFrench”;“fｏllowedｂｙtｈeAｍｅrｉｃａns.”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ);“ｗｈｏｗｅｒeｔheｍosｔｐaｓsionaｔeeｘportersofｔhenｅwinvｅnｔｉon”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，做Freｎｃh的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為who；“helpingtostartcｉnｅmainChina,Jａpan,LatinAmericaandRussia”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。3.ＩntermｓofａrtｉｓtｉcdevelopmenｔitwasａgaintｈeＦreｎchａndｔheAmｅricanswhｏtｏokthｅｌｅad，thoｕghiｎthｅyearsbeforethｅFｉrｓtWorldWar,Italy,DｅnmarkandRuｓｓiaaｌｓoｐlaｙedａｐａrt.（劍4,GenerａlTrainｉnｇＴeｓｔAsectiｏn3）分析:本句主句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式“ｉtwaｓagaintｈeFｒｅｎcｈanｄｔｈｅAｍericａnｓwhotｏｏｋthelｅad”；“ｔｈoｕｇｈｉnｔｈｅyearsｂeforeｔｈeＦｉrsｔＷo(hù)ｒｌdWａr,Italy,DenmarkandRusｓiａalsoｐlayedａｐaｒt”為thｏugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。4．ＴｈerｅsｔｏftheｗorlｄｓurviｖedｐaｒtlｙbyｌeaｒningfromHｏｌlyｗoodaｎdｐａrtlyｂｅｃａuseaｕdienｃescoｎtinueｄｔoexisｔfｏrａprodｕｃtwhicｈcｏrｒeｓponｄedtoｎｅe(cuò)dｓwhｉcｈHoｌｌywooｄcｏuｌdnｏtsuppｌy．（劍4,GｅneraｌＴｒainingTesｔAｓection3）分析:本句的主句為“Tｈｅreｓtoｆtheworldsurviｖeｄ”;“becauseauｄiencescｏnｔｉｎｕedtoｅxistfoｒａprｏｄｕｃｔ”為because引導(dǎo)的因素狀語(yǔ)從句;“ｗhichcorｒｅｓｐｏndedｔoneeds”為定語(yǔ)從句,做pｒoduct的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為whiｃh；“wｈichHollｙｗｏｏdｃｏuldnotsupply”為定語(yǔ)從句，做neｅdｓ的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為ｗhiｃh。５.Asｗeｌlａsｐoｐｕlarａuｄiｅnces,therewｅrealsoｉncrｅａsinｇａｕdienceｓforｆｉlmswhｉchwｅｒｅartiｓｔicａｌlｙmoreaｄvｅｎtuｒousorwhicｈdealｔwiｔhtheiｓsuesinthｅｏｕterwｏrld.(劍4,GｅｎeralTrainingTeｓtAsection3)分析：本句的主句為“thereｗｅｒealｓoincrｅasiｎgaｕdienceｓfｏｒｆｉlms”，“ｗhichｗereartｉsticalｌymoreadveｎｔｕｒous”和“whicｈdeaｌtwitｈthｅisｓｕesintheｏuteｒｗorlｄ”為并列句,由or連接,都為定語(yǔ)從句做fｉｌｍｓ的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞都為which．6．Theyturnｅdthｅirbackonｔhepast,leavｉngthestyleoｆthｅpre-ｗarRｕsｓiaｎcinematｏthｅémiｇｒéｓwhoflｅdｗｅｓtwarｄstoｅscａpetheRevｏｌution.（劍4，GｅｎeralTraｉｎingTestAsectioｎ3)分析:本句中“Theｙtuｒｎedtheｉrｂaｃkonthepast”為主句；“l(fā)eavｉngthesｔyｌeoｆｔｈepre-ｗａrＲussiancineｍatothｅémigrés”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ);“whoflｅdwestwａrｄsｔoescaｐｅtheReｖolｕtｉon.”為定語(yǔ)從句,做theémiｇｒés的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為who。７.TareeoｆferstｈeVｅterinarｙAsｓｉstanｔprogrａmａndｈasｉntｒoduced‘Ａgriｓｔｕdy’,ｗhｉcｈenablesstｕdeｎtｓtolearnｆlexiblｙandbycｏｒrespondｅnｃe,usiｎgaｍixtuｒｅoｆstｕｄenｔlearninｇguidｅs,ｔeｌeｐｈonetｕoｒiａls,iｎfoｒmationｓｅssiｏｎｓandworksｈoｐｓ.(劍4,GeneｒalTｒaｉｎingTeｓｔＢｓｅction2)分析:本句主句為“TareeofferstheVetｅriｎaｒyＡssisｔantprograｍａｎｄｈaｓintroduced‘Ａgｒistudy’”,“whｉchenａblesstuｄentstolearnflexiblｙandbycorrｅspoｎdenｃｅ,usingamiｘtureｏfstudentlearningguides,telephonｅtuｏｒiａｌs,informａt(yī)iｏnsessionｓandｗorkshops”為定語(yǔ)從句，做‘Ａgriｓtｕｄｙ’的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為whiｃh。8．ＦorhisastｏｎishingacｈieveｍｅntｓhｅwａsaｗardｅdthｅNobeｌPrizeaｎdｉtisfromhiｓｗoｒkthａｔmosｔoftoday’skｎowledｇeofwhatbｅe(cuò)ssaytoeachｏtherderives．（劍4,GeneｒalTraininｇTeｓtBsｅction3）分析：本句為并列句，“ForｈｉsａstonishinｇachieｖｅmentsｈeｗasawardedtｈｅNobeｌＰｒizｅ”和“itiｓｆrｏmhｉｓworktｈａt(yī)mostofｔoday’sknowｌedgeoｆｗｈａt(yī)beｅssaytoeachｏthｅｒdeｒiｖes”并列,由ａnd連接，并且“itｉsfromhisｗorｋthatｍｏsｔoftoｄay’skｎｏｗledｇｅoｆwｈatbｅe(cuò)ｓsaｙtoeaｃhotherdｅｒｉveｓ”為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式；“whaｔbeessaytoeａchotheｒ”為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,做of的賓語(yǔ)。9．ＶonＦrisｃhknｅwfromｅxpeｒimentsbyａneaｒlieｒrｅseaｒｃheｒｔhａt(yī)ifｈｅpuｔoutaｂowlofｓweetsuｇarｓyrup,beeｓmighｔatｆirstｔakesomｅtimetofinditbuｔ，ｏｎcｅtheｙhaｄdｏneｓｏ,ｗiｔｈｉｎthｅｈｏur,hｕndredｓｏfotｈerbeeswouldbeeａgerlytａｋｉngtheｓyrup.（劍4,GeneralＴrainingTestBsｅｃtioｎ3)分析:本句的主句為“VonFrｉｓchknewｆrｏmｅxpｅriｍentｓbyaｎearlieｒresearcherthat…”;“thatifhｅputoｕtaｂoｗlｏfsweetｓuｇaｒsｙrｕｐ,beeｓmightatｆirsｔtakesoｍetimｅtｏfiｎdｉtbuｔ，oｎｃｅthｅyhaddoneso,ｗithinthehour,ｈuｎdredsｏfotｈerbｅe(cuò)swｏuldbｅe(cuò)ａgｅrlytａkingthesyrup”為tｈａt(yī)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做kneｗ的賓語(yǔ);句子“ifｈepｕtoutabowｌoｆswｅe(cuò)tsugａrｓyrup,beesｍightaｔfｉrsttakｅsｏｍｅtimｅtｏfinｄit”和句子“oｎcetｈｅyｈａdｄoneso，wiｔｈintheｈoｕr,huｎdredsｏｆotherbeeswouldbeｅａgｅｒlｙtａkingｔheｓyｒup”并列,由buｔ連接；句子“ｉｆheputoutａbowｌｏfｓwｅｅｔsuｇarsyrup，beｅsmｉｇhtａt(yī)firｓttakｅsｏmｅtimｅtofindit”中的“ｉfｈeputoutabowlｏfsweｅtsｕgａrsyruｐ”為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；句子“ｏｎceｔｈeyhaｄdoneso,withinｔhehour,huｎdredsｏfｏｔherbeｅswoulｄbeｅagerlytakｉngｔheｓyｒup”中的“oncｅtheyhaｄdoneso”為once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。10.Iｎｔhefirstｔype，aｒetｕrｎinｇscouｔscamperｅdincircle,altｅrnaｔinｇｔｏｒiｇhtａndleft，ｓtopｐingoccasionallｙtoｒｅgurgitatefoｏdsａｍplestotheｅxｃitｅdbｅｅscｈasinｇafterher.（劍4,GeneralＴrainｉngTesｔBseｃtｉon３)分析:本句主句為“arｅtuｒninｇscｏutscaｍpｅredｉncｉｒcle”;“alternatiｎgtorｉｇhｔandleft”和“stopｐingoｃcａsioｎａllyｔoregurgｉtatefoｏdsampｌestoｔheexciteｄbeescｈasingaｆtｅrｈｅr”均為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做隨著狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞省略；“ｃhasiｎｇａfterheｒ”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),做bｅe(cuò)ｓ的定語(yǔ)。1１.Ｉnthethiｒd,ｄisｔinctlyｄiｆｆerｅntｄａnｃe,sｈeｓtaｒtｅdbyrｕnｎingａshoｒtdｉstanｃeinastrａｉｇｈｔline,wagｇlinｇｈerbodyfrｏmｓｉdｅｔｏside，andretｕrｎiｎginaｓemi-circｌｅｔotheｓtartｉngpointbeforeｒepｅatingtｈｅproceｓs.(劍4,GenerａlTrainingTｅｓtBsection3)分析:本句的主句為“ｓｈｅsｔarteｄbyｒunningａshortdistanceinastｒaightline”;“ｗaggliｎgｈｅｒboｄyfromsidetoside”和“rｅturninｇiｎａｓemｉ-cｉrclｅtoｔheｓtartinｇｐoint”并列，都為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做隨著狀語(yǔ)；“bｅｆorereｐeaｔinｇtheｐrocesｓ”為before引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。1.Theprobｌｅmofhｏwheａlth－caｒereｓourceｓsｈoｕｌdbeallｏcａt(yī)edｏraｐporｔioned，ｓothaｔtｈｅyａredｉstrｉbutedinｔｈemosｔｊusｔanｄｅffｉcｉentway，isｎotａneｗｏｎe．（劍４,test４passaｇe３)分析：本句的主句為“Theｐroblｅmiｓnｏtaｎｅwonｅ”；“howheａｌth-ｃarerｅsouｒcesｓhouldｂealｌocatedoｒａｐpoｒtioneｄ,sotｈattheyarｅdiｓｔributｅdinｔｈemosｔjｕsｔandeffiｃｉenｔwaｙ”為hoｗ引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做of的賓語(yǔ);“sｏthatｔheｙａrｅdistributedinｔhemostｊustａndefｆｉｃienｔｗay”為soｔhaｔ引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。２.Whａｔisnewiｓｔhat,frｏmｔhｅ1950sｏｎwardｓ,thｅrehaｖeｂeｅncerｔａingｅneralｃｈangesinｏutlooｋabｏutｔhｅｆiniｔｕdeoｆreｓouｒcｅsaｓawholeaｎdofhealth-carｅreｓoｕrcesinparticular,aｓwelｌasmｏｒeｓpeｃiｆicchanｇeｓregardingtｈｅclienteｌeoｆheaｌth-ｃａreresourｃｅsandthecosｔｔothecoｍｍuｎiｔyofthｏｓｅｒesourcｅs.(劍4，teｓt4paｓsage3)分析:本句的主句為“Whａt(yī)isnewｉstｈat…”;“that,fromthe１950ｓonwards,theｒehavｅbeencｅrtaingeｎｅｒａlchangesinｏutlooｋaｂoutthefiｎitudeofｒesourｃｅsasaｗｈoｌeandoｆhｅａltｈ-carｅrｅｓｏｕrcesinpaｒticｕｌar,ａsｗｅｌｌａsmoreｓpecifiｃchangｅsregarｄｉｎgtｈecliｅnteleofheaｌtｈ-careresoｕrcｅｓaｎdthｅｃosttotheｃoｍmunityofthoseｒeｓｏuｒｃeｓ.”為ｔhａｔ引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句；“ｒeｇardingtheclientｅleｏfheaｌth-ｃａreresｏurｃesａｎdtheｃosttotｈｅcｏmｍunｉｔｙofｔhosereｓourcｅs”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。3．Thus,iｎthe１950ｓａnd１９60s,ｔｈerｅe(cuò)merｇedanawarenessinWeｓtｅrnsoｃietｉeｓｔhａt(yī)resouｒｃesfortheprｏvisｉonoffosｓilｆｕeleｎergywｅrefiniteａnｄexｈaustibｌeaｎdthatthｅcapacityoｆnaｔuｒeorthｅe(cuò)nvironｍenttoｓｕｓｔainecｏnｏmiｃｄeｖeｌｏｐmｅntaｎdpｏpulatｉoｎwaｓａlsofinite.(劍4,test4ｐａｓｓaｇe3）分析:本句較長(zhǎng),主句為“tｈｅｒeemeｒgｅdaｎawaｒenessinＷｅsｔerｎsocietieｓ”；“tｈａt(yī)resourcesfoｒthｅｐｒovisionofｆｏssｉｌfｕelenergyｗerefiniteandexhaustiblｅ”和“thattｈeｃａpaｃｉtyofnatureｏrtｈｅe(cuò)nviroｎｍentｔosuｓtａineconｏｍicdevelopmｅntaｎdpopulａｔｉonwaｓalsofiｎite”為ａnd連接的并列從句，都是ｔhat引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，做awareｎess的同位語(yǔ)。４.Looｋinｇbacｋ,ｉtnowｓeeｍsquｉｔeincreｄibleｔhａt(yī)inthenatｉonaｌhｅaltｈsystemｓtｈａｔｅｍergedinmanycouｎtrieｓintheyearsｉｍｍｅｄiaｔelyａfterthe１9３9-４５WｏrldＷaｒ,iｔｗasassｕｍｅdwitｈｏutquesｔioｎthatallthebasｉchｅａlｔｈneｅdsofanycoｍｍunｉtycoｕldbesaｔiｓfｉed,atleastinｐrinciple；tｈｅ‘inｖｉｓｉbｌehaｎd’ofｅｃｏnomｉcproｇresswｏｕｌdｐrｏvidｅ.（劍4,test4pasｓａｇｅ3）分析:本句為分號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)分句,第一個(gè)分句較長(zhǎng)，其主句為“ｉtｎowsｅe(cuò)msquｉtｅincreｄibleｔhat…iｎpｒｉnｃｉple”其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，thａt(yī)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句;“thatｅmｅrｇeｄｉnｍanycouｎtrｉeｓｉnｔheyeａrsimmediateｌyafterthｅ1939-４5WorｌｄWar”為定語(yǔ)從句，作nａt(yī)iｏnalhealthｓyｓｔem的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為ｔhat；在that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中,“ｔhatallｔｈebaｓichealtｈneｅdsofａnycomｍunitｙcoｕｌｄbｅｓatisｆiｅd,atlｅastinprincｉple”為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，ｉt做形式主語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)分句為簡(jiǎn)樸句。5.Aｌｔhouｇhthｅlanｇｕageｏf‘rigｈｔs’sometimｅsleadstoｃonfｕsion,bytｈelate19７0sｉtｗasrecognizｅdinｍostsｏcietｉeｓtｈatpeoｐlehaveariｇhttohealth-carｅ(thoughthereｈａsbｅe(cuò)ｎcoｎsｉdｅrablｅｒesiｓtanceｉntｈeUnitedStatestｏtｈeidｅａt(yī)ｈatｔhereｉｓaformａｌrighttohｅaｌth-care).（劍4，test４paｓsage３)分析：本句的主句為“itｗａsrｅcｏgnizedinmostsocietiestｈaｔpeoplehaveａrighttoｈealth-care”,其中it為形式主語(yǔ),“thatpeoplehavｅarｉｇhtｔoheａｌth-care”為ｔhat引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；“Althoｕｇhｔｈelangｕａgｅof‘righｔs’sometｉｍeslｅaｄstoｃｏnfusｉon”為ａltｈougｈ引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ);括號(hào)部分為附加/補(bǔ)充的信息,為thougｈ引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,在此從句中，“thatthｅreisaｆorｍａlｒighｔtoheaｌtｈ-ｃaｒe”為thａｔ引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，做iｄeａ的同位語(yǔ)。6.Iｔisaｌｓoａcceｐtedthaｔｔhisrｉｇhｔgｅneratesanobligationoｒdutyforｔheｓtａt(yī)etｏｅnsurethａt(yī)ａdequatehealth－carereｓouｒceｓarｅｐｒoｖiｄedouｔｏftｈepubｌicpurse.(劍4,test4pasｓage3）分析：本句中“ｔｈaｔｔhisrｉgｈtgeneｒatesaｎobligationｏrdutyfortｈｅsｔatｅtoeｎsurethatadeqｕateｈｅalth-cａreｒｅsｏurcesareproviｄedｏutofｔheｐｕblicpurse”為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，ｉｔ做形式主語(yǔ);和“tｈatａdeｑuatｅhealth-careresouｒｃesａｒepｒoviｄedouｔoftｈepublicｐｕｒsｅ”為thaｔ引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做ensure的賓語(yǔ)。7.Justattｈeｔｉmｅwheniｔbeｃameobvioｕsｔhａt(yī)health-caｒeresourｃescｏｕldnotpｏsｓｉblymeetthｅdｅmaｎｄｓｂeingmaｄｅｕponｔhｅm，ｐeopleｗeredemandｉngthattheirfunｄamentalｒｉghｔtohealtｈ-caｒebesaｔisfｉｅｄbytheｓtａｔｅ．（劍４,tｅst4passaｇｅ3)分析：本句主句為“peｏpleweredeｍandingｔhaｔｔheirfundamentalｒighttohealth－cａrｅｂesatisfiedbythestate.”“Jusｔatthetｉmeｗheｎitbｅcamｅobviousthａt(yī)hｅａlth-ｃareｒesｏurcescｏulｄnotｐossibｌymeetｔhedｅmaｎdsbeingmaｄeupoｎｔｈem”為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其中“whenitbeｃameoｂvｉouｓthatｈｅａlth-ｃarereｓourｃesｃoｕldｎoｔpossiｂｌymｅe(cuò)tｔheｄｅmａndsbeiｎgｍaｄeupontheｍ”為定語(yǔ)從句，做ｔheｔime的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為ｗhen；“tｈatｔheiｒfｕｎｄａmｅｎｔalｒighttｏheaｌth－careｂesatｉsfｉｅdbyｔhｅｓｔate”為thａt(yī)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做demanｄ的賓語(yǔ)。8.Ｔhesecoｎdsetofmorespecifｉccｈanｇesｔhathaｖｅledtothｅpresｅｎtcoｎcernabouｔthedistribｕｔionoｆhealth－caｒeｒesouｒcesstｅmｓｆｒｏmtｈedｒａｍaｔicriseiｎhｅａltｈcostｓｉｎmostOECDｃountries，ａcｃompanｉedｂylarge－ｓcａledemｏｇrａpｈicandsｏｃiaｌchangeｓwhｉcｈhaｖemeant，tｏｔaｋｅoneexample,tｈaｔeｌdｅrlｙｐeopｌｅarｅnowmaｊｏr(andｒｅｌaｔivelyｖｅryexpenｓivｅ)consuｍersｏfheａlth-carｅｒesｏuｒces．(劍4，test4passaｇe3)分析:本句主句為“TｈｅｓeｃｏndsｅtoｆｍｏresｐeciｆiｃｃhａｎgeｓstemsfroｍthｅｄramaticriｓeｉnheaｌtｈｃostｓiｎmｏstOEＣDcouｎｔrｉes”；“ｔhaｔhaveｌeｄtoｔhepｒesentconcernabｏutthedｉstrｉbｕｔiｏnofheaｌth-cａｒeresources．”為定語(yǔ)從句,做cｈanｇｅs的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為thaｔ；“ａccｏmpaｎｉedbｙlargｅ－sｃaｌeｄemoｇraphｉcanｄsociaｌｃhangｅswｈｉｃhhａvｅmeant,toｔaｋeoneexａmｐlｅ,tｈａt(yī)eldｅrlypeopｌearｅｎｏwｍajor(andreｌatiｖeｌyｖeｒｙexpeｎsｉve)cｏｎsumeｒsofhｅalｔh-caｒeresｏurces.”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，其中“whichhaveｍeａｎt,tｏｔaｋeｏneｅxamｐle,thatｅlderlｙpeoplｅａrenowmajor(aｎdrｅlaｔivｅlyｖeｒｙexｐensivｅ)coｎsｕｍeｒsofhealth-careresources.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做changｅs的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為ｗhicｈ，“tｈaｔeｌderlypeopｌｅareｎｏwｍａｊor(aｎdrelativelｙveryexpensive）consumeｒsofｈeaｌｔh-careresｏurces．”為ｔhat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做meａｎ的賓語(yǔ)。９．Ｂeginnｉngasｓomethinｇuｎusuａlinａｈanｄfuｌｏｆbｉgcities—NewYorｋ，Ｌｏndｏn,ParisａｎｄＢerlin—thenewmｅｄiumqｕicklｙfｏunditswayａcrｏssthewｏrld，ａt(yī)ｔrａctinｇlaｒgｅrａndlargeｒaudiｅnceswheｒeverｉtwasshownandreplaciｎgoｔherfｏrｍｓoｆenterｔaｉnmentaｓitdｉｄso.(劍4,GeneｒalTrａiniｎｇTestApａssaｇe3）分析：本句的主句為“tｈeneｗmｅdiumquicklyｆouｎdｉtsｗayａcrossｔhewｏrld”；“Bｅｇｉnninｇasｓomｅthiｎgunuｓｕａlinａhanｄfｕｌoｆｂigcities—ＮeｗYork,Lｏndon，ParisaｎdBeｒlin”現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)；“atｔraｃtinglaｒgerandlａｒｇeｒaudieｎｃｅswｈerevｅritwａｓshownａndｒeplacinｇｏtherfｏｒｍｓｏfentertainmeｎtasitdiｄso”兩個(gè)并列的分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ),其中“wｈｅrevｅritwasshowｎ”whereveｒ引導(dǎo)的為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，“asitdidso”為as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。1.Ｔhesemeｔhodｓinclｕdesｔrengthtrainingthaｔdupliｃateｓwhａt(yī)theyaｒedoｉnginｔheiｒrunnｉngeventsaswellasｐｌyometrics,aｔeｃhniqｕepiｏneeredｉｎthefｏrmerSovietＵnion．(劍4，tｅsｔ4ｐassagｅ1）分析：本句的主句為“Thesemｅｔhoｄsincｌudestreｎｇｔｈtraining”;“thatduｐｌiｃaｔｅswｈａt(yī)thｅyarｅdoiｎgintheiｒｒｕnningｅventｓａswellasplyomeｔｒicｓ”為定語(yǔ)從句，做“sｔrengｔhtｒainｉｎｇ”的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為ｔhat;“whａt(yī)theｙarｅｄoingｉｎｔｈｅｉrrunnｉngeveｎtsaswellasplyomeｔrｉcｓ”為賓語(yǔ)從句,由whａt(yī)引導(dǎo)；“atechｎｉquepioｎeerｅdｉntｈeformeｒSovｉetUniｏn”為plyｏmetriｃs的同位語(yǔ)。2.Abioｍｅcｈaniｃfilmsａｎathletｅinacｔionandthｅｎdｉgｉｔizeｓheｒpeｒforｍａncｅ,rｅcｏrdｉnｇtｈeｍｏtｉoｎofeｖｅｒyjｏintaｎdlｉmbintｈreedｉmensionｓ.(劍4,test4pasｓage1)分析:本句的主句為“Abｉomechanｉｃfilmsaｎａt(yī)hleteinactioｎａndｔhｅndiｇｉｔizｅsｈeｒpｅｒfoｒmanｃe”；“recordiｎgthemotionofｅveryｊointandlimbinｔｈreedｉｍensiｏns”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)。３.Thatuｎｄerstａndｉnｇtｏｏkｔｈelateranalｙsisofbioｍechanicsspｅciａliｓｔs，whopuｔtheirmindstocｏmpreｈｅndingｓｏｍethiｎgtｈａt(yī)wasｔｏocoｍplexaｎdunｏｒthodoxeｖertohavebeｅninventｅdthrougｈthｅirownｍathｅmaticalsｉmuｌationｓ.（劍４,ｔesｔ4pａsｓage１)分析：本句較長(zhǎng),主句為“Thatunderstaｎdingtookthelateranaｌysｉsofｂiomｅcｈanｉcsspeciaｌｉsｔs”;“whｏpuｔthｅirmiｎdstｏcomprehendingsｏmeｔhｉnｇ”為定語(yǔ)從句，做bioｍechanｉcsspeｃiaｌists的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為ｗｈｏ；“thatwastooｃomplｅｘandunorthodoxevertｏhａｖｅbeeninventedthroｕghｔｈeｉrｏｗｎmatheｍaticａlsｉmuｌatｉons”也是定語(yǔ)從句,做ｓomeｔｈing的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為ｔhaｔ。４.Butitisａlsoｔhｅpaｉｎstakｉnｇtaskｏｆiｎｔｅrpreｔａt(yī)ion，sｏthatweｃoｍetoｕnｄｅrstanｄwhattｈeｓeｔhingｓmeanfortheｈｕmanｓtｏry．(劍4，test4passaｇe2)分析：本句的主句為“Butitisalsothｅpainstａkingtaskofintｅｒprｅtaｔｉｏn”;“soｔhatwecometouｎderstａndwhａt(yī)ｔhｅseｔhinｇｓmeanforthehｕmansｔｏry”為sothａt(yī)引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；“whatｔhesｅthingsmｅanforthｅhumanstｏrｙ”為whａt(yī)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,做ｕｎderstａnd的賓語(yǔ)。５.Ａnｔhrｏｐolｏgisｔsalｓｏusethetｅｒm‘culｔuｒｅ＇inａmorereｓtrictedseｎｓｅwhenｔheyｒefｅrｔothe‘ｃulｔurｅ'oｆapａｒｔicularｓｏｃiety,ｍeaｎingｔhｅnon-bｉｏlｏgｉcａｌcｈａｒａcｔｅriｓticｓuniqueｔotｈaｔｓocieｔy,whiｃｈdistinguｉshitfromｏthersｏcｉeｔieｓ.(劍4，tｅst4passage2)分析:本句的主句為“Antｈrｏｐologistｓalsｏusｅtｈｅtｅrｍ‘cｕlturｅ'inamorerｅsｔrｉcｔedｓense”，“whenthｅyｒｅfertothｅ‘cｕｌｔurｅ＇ｏfａｐａrticuｌarｓociｅty”為whｅn引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;“meaｎｉngｔheｎon-biologicalcｈａｒacterisｔicｓuniｑuｅtothａt(yī)soｃｉetｙ”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ);“wｈichdistingｕiｓhｉtfｒoｍoｔheｒｓocｉeties”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞為wｈich。6.Physiｃalanｔhｒopｏlｏgｙ,oｒbioloｇicａlanthropolｏｇyaｓｉｔiｓalsocａllｅd,ｃoncｅrnstheｓtudyoｆｈumanｂｉolｏｇicalｏrphysiｃaｌcｈarａctｅｒｉsticsandhoｗtheyｅvolｖed．(劍4，teｓｔ4ｐａsｓaｇe2）分析：本句的主句為“Ｐhysiｃａlaｎtｈroｐology,ｏrbiolo