冀教版英語(yǔ)七上語(yǔ)法總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)

I.英語(yǔ)時(shí)間表達(dá)法英語(yǔ)時(shí)間通常用以下兩種方法表達(dá)：1.直接表達(dá)法A.用基數(shù)詞+o'clock來(lái)表示整點(diǎn)，注意o'clock須用單數(shù)，可以省略。如：eighto'clock

八點(diǎn)鐘，ten(o'clock)

十點(diǎn)鐘B.用基數(shù)詞按鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘的順序直接寫(xiě)出時(shí)間。如：eleven-o-five

十一點(diǎn)過(guò)五分，sixforty六點(diǎn)四十2.間接表達(dá)法A.如果分鐘數(shù)少于30分鐘，可用分鐘+past+鐘點(diǎn)表示，其中past是介詞，意思是“過(guò)”。如：twentypast/afterfour4:20eightpast/afterone1:08B.如果分鐘數(shù)多于30分鐘，可用（60分鐘-原分鐘數(shù)）+to+（原鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)+1）表示，其中to是介詞，意思是“差”。如：8:35可表示為twenty-fivetonine

差二十五分鐘九點(diǎn)，即八點(diǎn)三十五。注：A.當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)是15分鐘時(shí)，可用名詞quarter（一刻鐘）表示。如：7:15可表示為aquarterpast/afterseven，12:15可表示為aquarterpast/aftertwelveB.當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)是30分鐘時(shí)，可用名詞half（一半）表示。如：9:30可表示為halfpastnine，3:30可表示為halfpastthree。C.若想表明是上午，可在時(shí)間后加上am或a.m.。如：thirteenpastsixa.m.

（上午六點(diǎn)十三分）等。若想表明是下午，可在時(shí)間后加上pm或p.m.。如：fouro'clockp.m.

（下午四點(diǎn)）等。D.若表示的時(shí)間不夠準(zhǔn)確，可在時(shí)間前加上介詞about。如：abouteight

（大約八點(diǎn)）等。E.在時(shí)間前面應(yīng)用介詞at來(lái)表示在的意思。如：atnine

在九點(diǎn)鐘，ataboutfivethirty-fivep.m.大約在下午五點(diǎn)三十五分等。II.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一）概說(shuō)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一種混合時(shí)態(tài)，跨越兩個(gè)時(shí)間范疇。一個(gè)是過(guò)去，一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在。動(dòng)作往往發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，而這種影響或者結(jié)果卻是說(shuō)話人的興趣之所在，所以常常后面不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分的構(gòu)成為

have/has+done(過(guò)去分詞)

肯定式疑問(wèn)式否定式Ihavealreadyworked.HaveIworkedyet?Ihavenotworkedyet.Hehasalready

worked.Hasheworkedyet?Hehasnotworkedyet.Wehavealready

worked.Haveweworkedyet?Wehavenotworkedyet.Youhavealready

worked.Haveyouworkedyet?Youhavenotworkedyet.Theyhavealready

worked.Havetheyworkedyet?Theyhavenotworkedyet.

二)意義（用法）

1.動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生，但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響（或結(jié)果），而這種影響（或結(jié)果）卻往往是說(shuō)話人興趣所在，所以后面常常不出現(xiàn)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。而出現(xiàn)一些不夠明確的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。例如，just,already,yet,recently,before,lately,never,ever,inthepast.1)Thecar

hasarrived.

（Thecarishererightnow.）

2)Thecararrivedfiveminutesago.3)Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(Thewindowisbroken.)4)Someonebrokethewindow.(thewindowmaybefixed.)5)Ihavetoldyoubefore.(Youshouldknowthat)6)Haveyouever

seen

thesea?(I’dliketoknowsomethingaboutit.)7)TheyhavegonetoShanghai.(Theyaren’there.)TheywenttoShanghai.(Wedon’tknowwheretheyarenow.)8)Ihaveseensomeofyourpaintings.(Iknowyouaregoodatart.)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)只說(shuō)明過(guò)去，不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在，并且經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，往往用的是模糊的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。

TheyhavegonetoShanghai.

TheywenttoShanghailastFriday.Ihadbreakfastthismorning.(Thespeakerspeaksintheafternoonorintheevening.Themorningisthepast)Ihavehadbreakfastthismorning.(Thespeakerspeaksstillinthemorning.)2動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且有可能繼續(xù)下去。這種用法一般要求使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如，live,study,be,wait,keep,常常和since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其他常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)還有

eversince,uptonow,untilnow,bynow,sofar,inthepast/lasttenyears.(1)I

havelivedhereformorethan30years.Ilivedhereformorethan30years.(2)Hehastaughtheresince10yearsago.Hetaughtherefor10years.(3)Myfather

haswornthiswatchsinceheboughtit.(4)Myfatherwornthiswatchfor11years.(5)Hisgrandfatherhasdied/hasbeendeadforhalfayear.(6)Thedoorhasclosed/hasbeenclosed

fortwohours.(7)They

haveknown/havegottoknow

eachotherfor11years.(8)Thefilm

hasbegun/hasbeenonforfifteenminutes.(9)Hehasleft/hasbeenawayfromschoolfortwodays.(10)Ihavekept/haveborrowed

thebookforthreeweeks.(11)Mr.SmithandMrs.Smithhavemarried/havegot

married/havebeenmarriedforfiftyyears.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以表示過(guò)去某一重復(fù)動(dòng)作Ihavebeento

Taiyuantwice.Hehastriedsixtimesandsixtimeshehasfailed.Ihavepaintedsixpicturesthisweek.Except(but),exceptfor,,besides1.except是“除了…

之外“的意思。1）Theshopisopeneverydayexcept(but)

Sunday.2)Everyonelaughed,except(but)

ourteacher.3)Allthestudentsexcept(but)LiMingaregoingtothepark.2.except

for主要有三層含義：

①表示對(duì)整體主要部分的肯定和對(duì)局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用。

.Your

writing

is

quite

good

except

for

several

spelling

mistakes.

②表示非同類(lèi)事物進(jìn)行比較。

eg.The

street

is

empty

except

for

several

cars.

③置于句首，表達(dá)except的含義。

Except

for

thiseverything

is

in

order.

3.besides表示“除了….之外（還有）“的意思。

1）Weneedvegetables

besidesmilkandcheese.Weneedvegetablesplusmilkandcheese.2)Ihavefiveotherhistorybooksbesides

this.Ihavesixbookstogether.3)BesidesEnglish,hehastolearnFrench.HehastolearnEnglishandFrench.4)AllthestudentswenttoBeijingexceptLiMing.LiMingdidn’tgotothepark.Danny,JennywenttoBeijingbesidesLiMing.LiMingwenttoBeijing.

一反意疑問(wèn)句是附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)的事實(shí)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)或者希望予以確認(rèn)。這種疑問(wèn)句由助動(dòng)詞或者情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加上主語(yǔ)（與陳述句的主語(yǔ)相同，但是要用代詞）。反意疑問(wèn)句實(shí)際上是一種簡(jiǎn)略的一般疑問(wèn)句，所以它的回答要使用yes或者no.陳述句部分如果是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的反意疑問(wèn)句要用否定結(jié)構(gòu)；陳述句部分如果是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的反意疑問(wèn)句要用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。

(1)Yoursisterhasn’treturnedfromTokyoyet,hasshe?Yes,shehas.(不，她已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)No,shehasn’t.（是，她還沒(méi)有回來(lái)）（2）Wewerelate,weren’twe?Yes,wewere.（是的，我們遲到了）

No,weweren’t.(不，我們沒(méi)有遲到)(3)Mickeycan’tspeakRussian,canhe?Yes,hecan.（不，他會(huì)說(shuō)）

No,hecan’t.（是，他不會(huì)說(shuō)）IV.反意疑問(wèn)句如果陳述句沒(méi)有be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，反意疑問(wèn)句則用助動(dòng)詞do(does)或者did,have,has,will,shall等助動(dòng)詞。

(1)Johnlikestea,doesn’the?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.(2)Shedidn’ttellyou,didshe?Yes,shedid.No,shedidn’t.二當(dāng)陳述部分有hardly(幾乎不),seldom（很少）,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定形式。1)Youhardlyknowher,doyou?2)Hehaslittlemoney,doeshe?如果陳述句部分是帶有否定前綴或后綴的介詞或者形容詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。

1)It’simpossibleforhimtomakesuchamistake,isn’tit?他不可能犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤，是嗎？2)Hefeltunhappyyesterday,didn’the?3)Jennylooksunlikeheruncle,doesn’tshe?三當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this,that時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it代替；指示代詞是these,those時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they代替。1)Thatisn’tausefulbook,isit?那不是一本有用的書(shū)，是嗎？2)Theseareimportantreadingmaterials,aren’tthey?這些都是重要的閱讀材料，是嗎？當(dāng)陳述句部分是Iam…時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用aren’tI；如陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是Iamnot時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用amI。

1)I’mlateforthemeeting,aren’tI?我開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了，是嗎？2)I’mnotdoingwell,amI?當(dāng)陳述部分是everyone/everybody,someone/somebody,noone/nobody,none等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)多用they，但也可用he；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything,anything,something,nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)用it。1)NobodycamewhenIwasout,didthey?我在外時(shí)，沒(méi)人來(lái)過(guò)，是嗎？2)Everythinghasgonewrongtoday,hasn’tit?今天什么都出問(wèn)題了，是不是？

當(dāng)陳述部分是“therebe+主語(yǔ)+其它”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分要用“be(not)+there”結(jié)構(gòu)。

1)Therearesomebananasinthebasket,aren’tthere?籃子里有些香蕉，是嗎？2）Thereisnowaterinthebottle,isthere?3)Therehasbeenlittlerainthesedays,hasthere?6、祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，除了Let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分用shallwe之外，其余一律用willyou，在這里并非表示疑問(wèn)，而是進(jìn)一步叮嚀囑托。只不過(guò)shallwe也包括說(shuō)話人在內(nèi)。1)Let’sgotoseethefilmtogether,shallwe?我們一起去看電影，好嗎？

Letusgotoseethefilmtogether,willyou?我們一起去看電影，好嗎？

lesson9Don’tBeLateforClass!1.belatefor2.Ihavepaintedsixnewpicturesthisweek.3.Ihopeyou’llshowthemtomesometime.Sometime,sometimes,sometime,sometimesWemeteachothersometimelastyear.Wemeeteachothersometimesinthepark.Wehavemeteachothersometimesinthepark.Wetalkedforsometimewhenyouwereout.Ihaveseensomeofyourpaintings.Iamnotgoodatpainting.Ihavetoldyoubefore,Jenny.Artisfunforeveryone.Youdon’tneedtobeverygoodatit.Hurry,Brian!Wedon’twanttobelateforclass.hurry=comeorgoquickly1)Hehurriedtoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.2)hurryoff,hurryupLesson10E-mailAllourteachermakeusstudyvery,veryhard.Thepicturealwaysmakesmerememberourtrip.Shecouldalsomakeherhairstandupwiththecomb.

…butIsawhimsmile.Iwatchedhimwalkoutoftheroom.2.Everyonelaughedatme,excepttheteacher.3.P.E.isshortforphysicaleducation.P.E.istheshortformofphysicaleducation.4.Ihavewrittenthreee-mailstoday.5.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.ThegrocerystorehadmanyfoodsIdidn’tknow.Weeachbroughtapaintingwemadeinourartclass.Theboyinredshortsisthird.ItalkedtoagirlnamedMary.

6.YouhavehelpedmetolearnEnglish!Shehashelpedmewithmymathhomework.7.Givehimorherhersomegoodadviceonhowtolearnasubjectwell.Lesson11What’syourfavouritesubject?Ilovelearningaboutpeopleinothercountries.ItwouldbefuntostudyaboutChina.IcouldlearnmoreaboutLiMing’shome.Turnoutthelight!turnout/offturnonturnupturndown3.Weshouldstoptalking.Brianstopsthechildren(from)talking.Weshouldstoptohaveclass.

4.Mygroup’sfavouritesubjectissocialstudies.Lesson12Tick-tockThewordsforthefirstgroupareinred.whatdoesthisclocksay?Itsays“aquartertothree.”3.Whatisthetime(byyourwatch)?It’saquarterpastthree.4.Nowit’sthreethirty.Youcanalsosay“halfpastthree”.Lesson13LookingforLisaLookfor（丟失的人或者物品）,lookup(查找單詞）,findout（查找真相、線索、信息）

1)Youcanlookupthewordinthedictionary.2)Pleasefindoutwhenthenexttrainleaves.3)Trytofindoutwhohasbrokenthewindow.

2.Isitimportanttobeontime?ontime,intime,fromtimetotime=attimes=sometimes3.WhatmistakesdoesDannymakeinthelibrary?makeamistake4.Theywanttoworkontheirproject.workon從事于，繼續(xù)作5.HerearesomemorepicturesofBeijing.1)Arethereanymoreapples?]2)Wouldyoulikealittlemorecoffee?3)Ineedfivemorebooks.Ineedanotherfivebooks.6.DidyougetanyChinesemusic?7.IforgottofindanyChinesemusic.Library…

librarian,shelf…

shelves,leaf…leavesI’llshowyouwhereitisnow.

Heiscarryingabasketball.bring,take,carry,hold11.Heasksloudly.Bequiet!Keepquiet!12.1)noise…noisy…noisily2)makea/much/nonoise13.ItoldLisawewouldworkonourproject.Isaidwewouldmeetataquartertothree.HetoldushewouldgoonatriponNationalDay.14.Sheishalfanhourlate.15.Ihavelookedinalltheroomsintheschool.Haveyoulookedinthegym?No,Ihaven’t.Notyet.16.relax,relaxed,relaxing17.Maybesheisatthegym.Shemaybeatthegym.Lesson14IrfanStudiedChina!Whichonedoyouthinkisthemostinteresting?IammostinterestedinCanada.2.Thisismybookreportonthebody.Doyoulikeit?on關(guān)于（專(zhuān)門(mén)論述）about關(guān)于（只是涉及到）3.MyclasshaslearntaboutChina.4.IlikeChildren’sDaybest.Wedon’thaveadayforchild