課件海洋生物學(xué)chaetognatha類

毛顎SPhylumSThearrowworms,phylumChaetognatha,areall Some Molecularworkssuggeststheyareprotostomes. Currentlynotconsideredtobepartofeithergroup.Deuterostomes后口動物 Deuterostome Radial, Formationofthemouthasecond Enterocoelous Chaetognathsare outsidebothprotostome&deuterostomegroups. thechaethognathoriginfrom S世界已知約有70～80種。體細(xì)長如箭，一般1～3厘米，最長可達(dá)12厘 SPhylumChaetognathaareoftencalled‘a(chǎn)rrowSLiveinmarineSMost nktonic(80%)whilesomearebenthicSMostabundanttypeofanimalpresentinmanydeepS120modernspeciesthatrangeinsizefrom2to120SOneoftheearliestBilaterians(兩側(cè)對稱STransparentortranslucenttorpedoshapedSBodyismadeupofthreeSThereisafinonthetailaswellastwosetsof lSTheyhaveacirculatorysystem,gaseousexchangeorgansexcretorySSGetsitsnamefrom spines’aroundits分類地S無脊椎動物——毛顎動物門S介于棘皮動物與半索動物之間S演化水平較高S毛顎動物是一個分類位置尚待確定的小門僅包括1個綱稱為矢蟲綱(Sagittoidea),矢蟲綱只包括2個科即Amiskwidae科和箭蟲科(Sagittidae).前者僅有1屬1種(Amiskwiasagittiformis個屬約120種其中在我國海區(qū)已發(fā)現(xiàn)約25種.Ordersand

S胚胎學(xué)并結(jié)合解剖學(xué)、組織學(xué)的研究成果，逐步闡明毛顎動物系后口動物的觀點。分子生 前口動物S毛顎動物是 PhylumChaetognatha(ArrowSDefining Aseriesofcurved spinesonbothsidesofhead,forseizing lstabilizing Therearemorethan120speciesassignedtoover20 PhylumNemertea& 1/15ChaetognathsSLivingChaetognathsareinvisibleintheSPossesstwoeyesthatareusefuforsensingmotionandlightSThesewormshaveammonia-fivacuolatedcellsintheirtrunkswhichhelpthemtoregulatethdepthinthewatercolumn. PhylumNemertea& Apreyitem Apreyitemissensedbyciliaalongthebody Feedoncopepods,larvalcrustaceans,youngfishandeachother Canoccurinveryhighconcentrationsseveralhundred Feedoncopepods,larvalcrustaceans,youngfishandeachother Canoccurinveryhighconcentrationsseveralhundredpercubicmeter Canhavesubstantialeffectsoneggsandlarvaesomeofwhicharecommerciallyimportant PhylumNemertea&頭部、軀干和尾節(jié)三S頭部：顎毛—捕 ,齒 、頭巾、纖毛軀干泡狀組側(cè)鰭：鰭不具肌纖維，不是游泳 尾貯尾ArrowGeneralFeatures1）hood2）3）4）5）6） S囊發(fā)育而成的S消化系SSSS黃海水——強壯箭蟲*S東海區(qū)東海西部沿岸水——中華箭蟲、強壯箭蟲內(nèi)海型S海峽——S區(qū) Scale=1Onepairof lFlaccisagittaenflata.Scale=Twopairsof lOnepairof l lfinsextendingontotrunksegment;onesetofEukrohnia1.2 lfinslimitedtotailsegment;twosetsof.a.Onepairof l lfinsextendingontotrunksegment;onesetofwithouta 1.1. lfinsextendingontotrunksegment;onesetof 1.1.1.1Withdigitateorirregularlyshapedadhesivestructuresontail.genus SpadellaSpadellanktonicanimals lfinsextendingtocentralganglion-genusEukrohnia lfinsnotextendingtocentralganglion-genusKrohnittahead-Eukrohniacalliops(left);proboscidea(right).Scale=0.5

hooktipvariations-Eukrohnia(left);EukrohniaproboscideaEyeswithEyepigmentsmall,elongateor"U"shaped,inposteriorregionofEukrohniaEukrohniaproboscideaFurnestinandDucret,A.Apicalgland-cellcomplexbilobateandprotruding,causingheadtoappearpointed;hooktipsbentinwardat45-90°angles;transversemusculatureextendingpastposterioredgeofventralganglionEyepigmentlarge, passingmostofmedianportionofEukrohniaEukrohniaApicalglandnotprominent,asinglelobedmass;hooktipstransversemusculatureevenwithposterioredgeofApicalglandnotprominent,asinglelobedmass;hooktipsmusculatureevenwithposterioredgeof

ukrohniafowleri(left)dorsalviewofhead(scale=1mm);(middle)ukrohnia(scale=0.1mm);(right)hooktipvariations(scale=0.05ukrohniaNumberofhooksgreaterthan11,hookEukrohniaEukrohniaNumberofhookslessthan11,hooktips1.1.2.1.2.Eyeswithoutb.Numberofhookslessthan11,hooktipsbentHooksstout,nearlystraight;taillessthan25%ofbodyEukrohniaEukrohniahamata(Mobius,Hooksslender,gentlycurved;tailusuallygreaterthan25%ofbodyEukrohniaEukrohnia1.1.2withouta nktonic1.1.2.2.La lfinsnotextendingtocentralganglion-genus lKrohnittapacifica(Aida,1.1.2withouta nktonic1.1.2.2.La extendingpastedgeofla lfinsKrohnittasubtilis(Grassi,Twopairsof lBodyflacid,highlytransparent;trunkmusculatureAnteriorfinslong,insertedclosetoventralganglion,caudalfinbilobateFlaccisagittaFlaccisagittaBodyflacid,highlytransparent;trunk2.Anteriorfinshort,rounded,wellseparatedfromganglionandposteriorfins;caudalfinnothead(left)andanteriorteeth,dorsalview(scales=1mm);righteye(right)(scale=0.015mm)Flaccisagitta 2.1.2.Anteriorfinshort,rounded,wellseparatedfromventralganglionandposteriorfins;caudalfinnotbilobateBodyrigid,translucent;trunkmusculaturehookandhookdetail(middle)(scale=0.1mm);righteyepigmentscale=SerratosagittaSerratosagittaserratodentata(Krohn,2.2.2.hooksnotserrate（沒有鋸齒Eyeswithoutpigment;anteriorfinsentirelyrayed,emergingatapointwellseparatedfromventralganglionesosagittaesosagitta2.2.2.1.2.Eyeswithpigment;anteriorfinswithanteriorraylesszone,emergingatornearventralganglion，genusMssgit.Collarettedisti2.2.2.1.2.Eyeswithpigment;anteriorfinswithraylesszone,emergingatornearventralganglion，genusMesosagittaMesosagitta2.2.2.1.2.Eyeswithpigment;anteriorfinswithanteriorzone,emergingatornearventralganglion，genusTailsegmentususallygreaterthan22%oftotalbodylength;ovarieselongatewithnumeroussmallMesosagittaMesosagittaMesosagitta nctonis(left)andFerosagittahispidaSagitta nctonis(Steinhaus, Ferosagittahispida(Conant,SagittaSagittamegalophthalmaDallotandDucret,vacuolarcellsassociatedwithguttubeSagittaSagittabipunctata(QuoyandGaimard,anoverlap,fan-shapedarrangementSagittaSagittahelenaeRitter-Zahony,inonerowSagittaSagittatenuisConant, ctiveKeytotheSpeciesofChaetognathafromtheSouthAtlanticBightandnorthernGulfofMexicoClass

常見OrderAPHRAGMOPHORATOKIOKA,FamilySagittidaeClausandGroben,OrderMONOPHRAGMOPHORACasanova,FamilyGenusArcheterokrohniaCasanova1986GenusXenokrohniaCasanova,1993FamilySpadellidaeTokioka,GenusSpadellaLangerhans,1880FamilyEukrohniidaeTokioka,1965FamilyKrohnitlidaeBieri,GenusKrohnitlaGermainandFamilyKrohnittidaeTokioka,GenusKrohnittaRitter-Záhony,

GenusAdhesisagittaBieri,1991bGenusAidanosagittaTokiokaandPathansali,GenusFlaccisagittaTokioka,1965GenusMesosagittaTokioka1965GenusParasagittaTokioka,1965GenusPseudosagittaGermainandJoubin,GenusZonosagittaTokioka,1965FamilyBathybelidaeBieri,GenusBathybelosOwre,GenusPterosagittaCosta,1869FamilyPterokrohniidaeBieri,1991Chaetognatha Apreyitemissensedbyciliaalongthebody Feedoncopepods,larvalcrustaceans,youngfishandeachother Canoccurinveryhighconcentrationsseveralhundredpercubicmeter Canhavesubstantialeffectsoneggsa