山東省濱州市2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法十動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析

動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)解析考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動(dòng)詞原形”，否認(rèn)形式是在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。動(dòng)詞不定式擁有動(dòng)詞的特色，能夠有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，但沒(méi)有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不可以作謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式及其賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)組成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。1．作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，能夠用動(dòng)名詞替代且常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞不定式后置，常組成“It＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋動(dòng)詞不定式”。It'simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō))保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。2．作表語(yǔ)MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。3．作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)接todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有want,begin/start,love,forget,remember,teach,decide,agree,seem,wouldlike,plan等。(2)接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask,tell,invite,allow,want,wish,encourage等。(3)在使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have和感官系動(dòng)詞feel,look,smell等的后邊作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。4．作定語(yǔ)Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。★動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，假如動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后來(lái)要有有關(guān)的介詞。Thecatiseasytotakecareof.這只貓很簡(jiǎn)單照料。5．作狀語(yǔ)Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王太太去上?？此畠?。(目的)We'regladtomeetyouhere.我們很快樂(lè)在這兒見(jiàn)到你。(原由)Heistootiredtoworkon.他太累了不可以持續(xù)工作了。(結(jié)果)6．“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)造疑問(wèn)詞who,what,when,where,how,which等后接動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo(＝whereheshouldgo)．他不知道去哪里。7．含動(dòng)詞不定式的特別句型與短語(yǔ)too...to...太而不可以Whydon'tyoudosth.？為何不做某事？hadbetterdosth.最好做某事1prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.情愿做某事，而不肯做某事makesb.dosth.讓某人做某事bemadetodosth.被迫做某事1．(2018·湖北咸寧中考改編)Remembersomefruitwhenyoucomeback.A．buyingB．tobuyC．buyD．bought2．(2018·湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考改編)—Theweatherreportsaysit'sgoingtohaveashowerthisafternoon.—Itdoes?We'dbetternow,justincase.A．toleaveB．leavingC．leaveD．left3．(2018·甘肅張掖中考)Mytwocousinsdecideabusinesstogether.A．tostartB．startingC．startD．started4．(2018·黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編)WesetupthisgroupdisabledpeoplelikeBenSmith.A．helpB．tohelpC．helpingD．helps5．(2018·黑龍江綏化中考改編)PeoplearesupposedhandswhentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.A．shakingB．toshakeC．shakeD．shook6．(2018·貴州中考)Parentsshouldalwaystelltheirkidswithstrangers.A．nottotalkB．nottalkingC．tonottalkD．nottalk7．(2018·四川成都中考改編)Igotupearlythismorningmygrandmaattheairport.A．topickupB．pickingupC．pickedupD．pickup8．(2018·四川達(dá)州中考)—I'dlovetogohikingwithyou,butIhavemuchhomework．—Ifyoudon'tgo,．A．todo;sodoIB．todo;norwillIC．doing;sowillID．do;neitheramI9．(2018·四川樂(lè)山中考改編)—Julia,yourmobilephoneisringing.—Waitaminute.It'sdangerousitwhilecrossingthestreet.2A．a(chǎn)nsweringB．a(chǎn)nswerC．toanswerD．toanswering10．(2018·廣東中考)Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportantapeacefulworld.A．buildB．notbuildC．tobuildD．nottobuild11．(2018·貴州安順中考)—YoushoulddowhatyoucanyourEnglish,LiMing.—OK,Iwill.Thankyou,Ms.Hu.A．improveB．toimproveC．improvingD．improved考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形＋-ing”組成，與此刻分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。1．動(dòng)名詞常用構(gòu)造只好跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有avoid,consider,enjoy,feellike,finish,mind,practice,suggest,bebusydoing,begoodatdoing,beinterestedindoing,can'thelpdoing,giveupdoing,makealiving(by)doing,putoffdoing等。(2)have＋n.＋(in)doinghavefun(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,haveproblems/difficulty(in)doing等。(3)todoing構(gòu)造，to是介詞be/getusedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing等。2．有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不一樣。todosth.停下往來(lái)做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事todosth.忘掉做某事forgetdoingsth.忘掉做過(guò)某事todosth.記得去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事todosth.全力去做某事trydoingsth.試試做某事todosth.遺憾地去做某事regretdoingsth.懊悔做了某事1．(2019·展望)Haveyouforgotten$1，000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember3ittomorrow?A．borrowing;tobringB．toborrow;tobringC．borrowed;bringingD．borrowing;bringing2．(2017·黑龍江龍東中考改編)—Wouldyoumindhere?—Ofcoursenot.I'llmycigaretteatonce.A．notsmoking;putawayB．notsmoking;putoutC．nottosmoke;putoffD．nottosmoke;putout3．(2019·展望)Everyonethinkstheproblemishard,buthehasnodifficultytheproblem.A．workingoutB．havingworkedoutC．tohaveworkedoutD．toworkout4．(2017·湖北黃岡中考)—NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.—Yeah!ManypeoplecanhardlyavoidproductsmadeinChina.A．tobuyB．buyingC．boughtD．buy5．(2019·展望)Mybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.A．tohelpB．helpC．helpingD．helped6．(2019·展望)I'veenjoyedtotalkwithyou.A．tobeableB．beingableC．tobeenableD．ofbeingable7．(2019·展望)Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithoutthedoor.A．knockB．knockingatC．toknockatD．knockingto8．(2017·重慶中考)Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinisheshishomeworkontime.A．doB．didC．doesD．doing9．(2017·重慶渝北中考)Therearesomepeoplesoccerinthepark.A．playB．plays4C．playingD．toplay10．(2017·江蘇常州中考)—Whydoesn'ttheSurgeonstoplunch?—Becauseheistoobusyadyingpatientintheoperationroom.A．tohave;tosaveB．having;tosaveC．tohave;savingD．having;saving11．(2017·江蘇淮安中考)Theresearchhedevoteshimselftothefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.A．helpingB．tohelpC．helpD．helped考點(diǎn)三分詞1．此刻分詞由“動(dòng)詞原形＋-ing”組成，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行意義，還擁有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。Thecryinggirlcan'tfindhermother.那個(gè)正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語(yǔ))Thestoryisinteresting.這個(gè)故事很風(fēng)趣。(表語(yǔ))Isawhimstudyingintheclassroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam.只需你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)考試。(狀語(yǔ))2．過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、達(dá)成意義，在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。Sheisverytired.她很疲憊。(表語(yǔ))Theboyworeapairoffadedjeans.那個(gè)男孩穿了一條退色的牛仔褲。(定語(yǔ))Shefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村變化很大。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))3．此刻分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的差別。此刻分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或許進(jìn)行。asleepingchild一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子adevelopingcountry一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家boilingwater正在沸騰的水a(chǎn)surprisinglook一個(gè)令人驚訝的表情過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或許達(dá)成。thenovelwrittenbyLuXun魯迅寫(xiě)的那篇小說(shuō)asingersurroundedbyagroupoffans被粉絲包圍的歌手fallenleaves落葉asnow-coveredcity被雪覆蓋的城市51．(2017·黑龍江龍東中考改編)—IsawJimintothatnewbuildingjustnow.—Oh,it'sournewlibrary.Ittothepublicforaweek.A．walk;hasopenedB．walking;hasbeenopenC．walking;hasopenedD．walks;hasbeenopen2．IheardhimanEnglishsongwhenIpassedhisroomlastnight.A．singB．singingC．sungD．tosing3．(2019·展望)Thenovelisgreat.It'swellworth．A．readB．readsC．r