考研精讀筆記正式版

Russia ：Abrief①a.Russia ：Abriefb.Theceasefireholdsuneasily,buttensionineastern willstilltroublethe ernmentsinbothKievandMoscow.從標(biāo)題的“Abriefintermission”和中的“Theceasefireholdsuneasily”可以看出俄烏之間的是短我們就可以推測(cè)這篇文章可能會(huì)討論到俄烏關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，比如俄羅內(nèi)和國(guó)內(nèi)的情況分別是怎樣的，②THEwarineastern hasquietened,fornow.Itsdisparatefactionshaveasmuchreasontokeepfightingastoputawaytheirguns.第一句里的“fornow”和標(biāo)題以及中的“brief”和“holdsuneasily”意思一樣，都是表達(dá)作者透過(guò)表象“putawaytheirguns”其實(shí)就是的意思，簡(jiǎn)單，樸素，非常形象，而且避免重復(fù)前面用過(guò)多次的ceasefire。同樣，這里也可以說(shuō)“holdtheirfireholdtheirfire”比“putawaytheirguns”更能表達(dá)出的短暫性，能更好地暗示隨時(shí)可能一觸即發(fā)。③FromtheoutsettheKremlinhasbeenadvocatingapermanentceasefire,notfromhumanitarianimpulsesbutbecauseitlikestheideaoffrozen-zonesintheeastof.grounds準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)槿说乐髁x是來(lái)自內(nèi)心，是一種情感，而不是理性考慮。寫作中要表達(dá)出于某種方面的考慮，就可以說(shuō)“oneconomical/environmental/educationalgrounds④AnotherLevadapollfoundonly8%willingtojoinsiftheystarted,against21%into，①’s,PetroPoroshenko,doesnotwanttofightanunwinnablewaragainstRussia,whichisthesituationhewouldhavebeeninhadhepressedonwithKiev’s“anti-terroristoperation”intheeast.【解析】本句主分為’sdoesnotwanttofightanunwinnablewaragainstRussia，這是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是’s,PetroPoroshenko，其中PetroPoroshenko是’s的同導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾anunwinnablewaragainstRussiawhichisthesituation，其后的hewouldhavebeenin是省略that的定語(yǔ)thesituation，最后的hadhepressedonwithKiev’santi-terroristoperationintheeast是虛假條件從句，當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were、should、pressedonwithKiev’s“anti-terroristoperation”intheeast?！咀g文】如果佩特羅·申科在東部強(qiáng)行推進(jìn)基輔的“怖主義運(yùn)動(dòng)”，那么就會(huì)與俄羅斯展開(kāi)一場(chǎng)毫無(wú)勝算的，申科并不想如此。②FromtheoutsettheKremlinhasbeenadvocatingapermanentceasefire,notfromhumanitarianimpulsesbutbecauseitlikestheideaoffrozen-zonesintheeastof.【解析】本句主分為theKremlinhasbeenadvocatingapermanentceasefire，這是一個(gè)一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主theKremlin，謂語(yǔ)是hasbeenadvocatingapermanentceasefireFromtheoutset是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。逗號(hào)之后的部分也作句子的狀語(yǔ)，它分為notfromhumanitarianimpulses和becauseitlikestheideaoffrozentheidea的同位語(yǔ)。③TheEuropeanUnionwillapplynewsanctionsnextweek,butdescribesthemas“reversible”,perhapstoshowthatitisreluctanttoisolateRussia.but連接的并列句，前后兩個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)都是TheEuropeanUnion，后一分句中，describes為謂語(yǔ)，themnewsanctionsas“reversible”perhapstoshowthatitisreluctanttoisolateRussiaittoisolateRussia。④YuriyYakymenkooftheRazumkovCentre,aKiev-basedthink-,saysthat,thoughmostvoterspeaceinprinciple,thefateofMrPoroshenkoandhispoliticalblockwillcomedowntothequestion,“Peaceatwhatprice?”RazumkovCentre,aKiev-basedthink-，這里aKiev-basedthink-是theRazumkovCentre的同位語(yǔ)，謂saysthatthoughmostvoterssupportpeaceinprinciple為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其后部分是該從句的主分，其主語(yǔ)部分是thefateofMrPoroshenkoandhispoliticalblock，謂語(yǔ)是willcomedowntothequestion,“Peaceatwhatprice?”，這里“Peaceatwhatprice?”thequestion同①Kievisthecapitalandlargestcityof,locatedinthenorthcentralpartofthecountryontheDnieperRiver.ThepopulationinJuly2015was2,887,97(thoughhigherestimatednumbershavebeencitedinthepress),makingKievthe7thmostpopulouscity.FollowingthecollapseoftheSovietUnionandUkrainianindependencein1991,KievremainedthecapitalofandexperiencedasteadymigrationinfluxofethnicUkrainiansfromotherregionsofthecountry.Duringthecountry'stransformationtoamarketeconomyandelectoraldemocracy,Kievhastobe'slargestandrichestcity.Thegrowingpoliticalandeconomicroleofthecity,combinedwithitsinternationalrelations,aswellasextensiveinternetandsocialnetworkpenetration,havemadeKievthemostpro-Westernandpro-democracyregionof;(socalled)NationalDemocraticpartiesadvocatingtighterintegrationwiththeEuropeanUnionreceivemostvotesduringelectionsinKiev.InapollconductedbytheKievInternationalInstituteofSociologyinthefirsthalfofFebruary2014,5.3%ofthosepolledinKievbelieved"andRussiamustuniteintoasinglestate",nationwidethispercentagewas12.5.【FromWikipedia】②dutraitédel'Atlantiquenord，簡(jiǎn)稱：OTAN，簡(jiǎn)稱北約組織或北約或音譯為那圖，是與西歐、主要量。這是二戰(zhàn)后西方陣營(yíng)軍事上實(shí)現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志，是馬歇爾計(jì)劃在軍事領(lǐng)域的延伸和發(fā)展，使③PublicJointStockGazpromisalargeRussianfoundedin1989,whichcarriesonthebusinessofextraction,production,transport,andsaleofnaturalgas.ThenameisaportmanteauoftheRussianwordsGazovayaPromyshlennost.TheheadquartersofGazpromareinMoscow.【FromWikipedia】 relationsRussia–relationsweretransitionedintointernationalrelationsduringthe1990simmediayuponthedissolutionoftheSovietUnion,ofwhichbothhadbeenfoundingconstituentrepublics.Establishedsometimeinthe18thcentury,therelationsweredisuponliquidationofCossackHetmanate'sautonomybyCatherinetheGreatinthe18thcentury.ForashortperiodoftimetherelationswerereinstatedduringWorldWarI,soonaftertheCommunistOctoberRevolution.In1920wasoverrunbySovietRussiaandrelationsbetweenthetwostatestransitionedfrominternationaltointernaloneswithintheSovietUnion.On10February2015,inresponsetoRussianmilitaryintervention,theparliamentofhasregisteredadraftdecreeonsuspendingdiplomaticrelationswithRussianFederation.Althoughthissuspensiondidnotmaterialize,UkrainianofficialDmytroKuleba(permanentrepresentativeofinCouncilofEurope)admittedearlyApril2016thatdiplomaticrelationshadbeenreduced"almosttozero".On5October2016,theMinistryofForeignAffairsofofficially mendeditscitizenstoavoidanyarrestsofUkrainiancitizenswhoareoften"rudelytreatedusingillegalmethodsofphysicalandpsychologicalpressure,tortureandotheractsviolatinghumanrightsanddignity".RussiahasanembassyinKyivandconsulatesinKharkiv,Lviv,andOdesa.hasanembassyinMoscowandconsulatesinRostov-on-Don,SaintPetersburg,Yekaterinburg,TyumenandVladivostok.TheUkrainianambassadortoRussiahasbeenrecalledsinceMarch2014.Sincethen,’shighestdiplomaticrepresentationinRussiaisitstemporarycharged'affaires.Similarly,sinceJuly2016,aftertheRussianambassadortowasrelieved,Russia'shighestdiplomaticrepresentationinisalsoitstemporarychargéd'affaires.Interernmentalrelationsbetweentwocountriesarecomplicatedandsince1991underwentperiodsoftensions,andoutrighthostility.PriortoEuromaidan,underUkrainianViktorYanukovych(February2010–February2014),relationswerecooperative,withvarioustradeagreementsince.Afterthe2014UkrainianRevolution,whichsawthepro-RussianYanukovychoustedon21February2014,relationsbetweenRussiaand deterioratedrapidly:significantcorruptionofpro-Russianernmentmembers,done-decaderussificationandpressureonUkrainianlanguageineasternpartsof andCrimeahavebeenundercovered;Russia,inordernottoloseinfluenceon ,militaryinvadedAutonomousRepublicofCrimeaandtransportedtroopsandheavyweaponstoeasternpartof forfurtherescalation.InMarch2014,theRussianFederationhasagainstinternationallawannexedCrimeafollowinganillegalreferendumwidelycondemnedbytheinternationalcommunity.ThroughoutMarchandApril2014,pro-Russianunresthasbeenspreadwithpro-Russian"People'sRepublics"beingself-proclaimedinDonetskandLuhansk,whicharetemporarilyuncontrolledbyUkrainianernment.Inresponse, initiatedmultipleinternationalcourtlitigationsagainstRussiaaswellassuspendedalltypesofmilitarycooperationandexport.hasalsoon20April2016establishedaseparateernmentdepartment-MinistryofTemporarilyOccupiedTerritoriesandInternallydisced s.ManycountriesandinternationalorganizationsappliedsanctionsagainstRussianFederationandUkrainiancitizensinvolvedandresponsiblefortheescalation.Militaryclashesbetweenpro-RussianrebelsbackedbyRussianmilitaryandtheArmedsbeganintheEastofthecountryinApril2014.On5September2014,atentativetruce(ceasefire)agreementbetweentheUkrainianernmentandrepresentativesofself-proclaimedDonetskPeople'sRepublicandLuhanskPeople'sRepublicwassigned;theceasefiredefinitivelyimplodedamidstintensenewfightinginJanuary2015.Anewceasefireagreementhasbeenincesincemid-February2015.Butthisagreementalsofailedtostopthefighting.SomeystsbelievethatthecurrentRussianleadershipisdeterminedtopreventanequivalentoftheUkrainianOrangeRevolutioninRussia.ThisissupposedtoexinnotonlyRussiandomesticbutitssensitivitytoeventsabroad.ManyinandbeyondbelievethatRussiahasperiodicallyuseditsvastenergyresourcestobullyitssmallerneighbours,buttheRussianernmentarguesitwastheinternalsquabblingamongst'spoliticalelitethatistoblameforthedeadlock.TheinandtheallegedroleofRussiainitgreatlyescalatedtensionsintherelationshipbetweenRussiaandmajorWesternpowers,especiallyrelationsbetweenRussiaandtheUS,whichcausedobserverstocharacterizethosein2014asassuminganadversarialnature,ortheadventofColdWarIIandWorldWarIII.【FromWikipedia】Russia ：AbriefTheceasefire2holdsuneasily,buttensionineastern willstilltroubletheernmentsinbothKievandaperiodoftimeduringwhichsthstopsbeforecontinuingagaine.g.Thisstateofaffairslastedwithoutintermissionforahundredyears.atimewhenenemiesagreetostopfighting,usuallywhileawayisfoundtoendthefightingpermanently(通常指【SYNe.g.acallforanimmediateceasefire要求立即的呼→ceasetostophappeningorexistingtostopsthfromhappeningorexisting(使)停止,終止,結(jié)束e.g.Welfarepaymentsceaseassoonasanindividualstartsajob.一旦就業(yè),即停發(fā)福利救濟(jì)。e.g.Youneverceasetoamazeme!你總能讓我感到驚奇！THEwarTHEwarin hasquietened3,fornow.Itsdisparate?factions?haveasmuchreasontokeepastoputawaytheirguns.ButaceasefiresignedonSeptember5thinMinskissofarmostly,PetroPoroshenko,doesnotwanttofightanunwinnablewaragainstRussia,whichisthesituationwouldhavebeeninhadhepressedon?withKiev’s“anti-terroristoperation”intheeast.HisRussiancounterpart,VladimirPutin,ishappytoseeDonetskandLuhanskturnintobreakaway?territoriesthatcanserveasinstrumentsagainstKiev.~(sb/sth)(down)(BrE)to ecalmerorlessnoisy;tomakesbsthcalmerorlessnoisy(使)安靜下來(lái),平靜e.g.Thechatterofvoicesgraduallyquietened.唧唧喳喳漸漸地平靜了【SYNsilencemadeupofpartsorpeoplethatareverydifferentfromeachother由不同的人(或事物)e.g.adisparategroupofindividuals①asmallgroupofpeoplewithinalargersixwhosemembershavesomedifferentaimsandbeliefstothoseofthelargergroup(大團(tuán)體中的),派別,小e.g.rivalfactionswithintheadministration中的對(duì)立派②opposition,disagreement,etc.thatexistsbetweensmallgroupsofpeoplewithinanorganizationorpoliticalparty；內(nèi)訌e.g.apartydividedbyfactionandintrigue因和詭計(jì)搞得四分五裂的政pressIfyoupressonorpressahead,youcontinuewithataskoractivityinadeterminedway,anddonotallowanyproblemsordifficultiestodelayyou.堅(jiān)定地繼續(xù)e.g.Polandpressedonwitheconomicreform.波蘭堅(jiān)定地繼續(xù)進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)(ofapoliticalgroupanorganizationorapartofacountry政治團(tuán)體、組織、國(guó)家的一部份havingseparatedfromalargergrouporcountry已分離的；已脫離的；已獨(dú)立的e.g.abreakawayfaction/group/section脫離原組織的/集體/部e.g.abreakawayrepublicParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofThewarinhasquietened,exnationsofMainIdeasofP1:Thewarinhasquietened,forFromtheoutset?theKremlinhasbeenadvocatingapermanentceasefire,notfromhumanitarianimpulses?becausebecauseitlikestheideaof-zonesintheeast.Thepoliticalmood1?inKievspurredPoroshenkotopressonaslongas shadmomentum11.Buttheincursion12byRussiantroopsheavyweaponsinlateAugustshowedthatMrPutinwouldnotallowKievamilitaryvictory.Withoutdirectaid,aid,MrPoroshenko dtomakeaat/fromtheoutset(ofatfromthebeginningofsthe.g.ImadeitclearrightfromtheoutsetthatIdisapproved.somethingthatcausessbsthtodosthortodevelopandmakeprogress推動(dòng)力；刺激e.g.togiveanimpulsetothestrugglingcarindustry給予掙扎中的汽車工業(yè)一點(diǎn)刺激①thewayagroupofpeoplefeelaboutsth;theatmosphereinaceoramongagroupofpeople氣氛；氛圍e.g.Themoviecapturesthemoodoftheinterwaryearsperfectly.這部恰如其分地捕捉到了兩次中間②thewayyouarefeelingataparticulartime情緒；心情e.g.She'sinagoodmoodtodayhappyandfriendly).e.g.He'salwaysinabadmoodunhappyorangryandimpatient).他總是情緒不好。theabilitytokeepincreasingordevelo推進(jìn)力；動(dòng)力；勢(shì)e.g.Thefightforhisreleasegathersmomentumeachday.爭(zhēng)取使他獲釋聲勢(shì)日益加強(qiáng);Ifthereisanincursionintoacountry,enemysoldierssuddenlyenterit.e.g.armedincursionsintoborderareasbyrebels.叛軍邊境地區(qū);

ParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofthereasonwhytheKremlinhasadvocatingapermanent區(qū)thereasonwhyMrPoroshenkofeltdmakeaMainIdeasofP2:thereasonwhyMrPutinandMrPoroshenkochoosetoholdtheIntheshorttermthiswillseemlikeavictoryforMoscow.IthasamechanismtoinfluenceUkrainianpolitics,asasithasinMoldovaandGeorgia.ForaslongasthestatusofDonetskandLuhanskare possiblyjoinNATO.MrPutinwillhavenotedthathisinsertion13ofregularRussiansoldiersmetcriticismbutlittleactionfromabroad.BarackObamadeclinedtocallitaninvasion1?,butrather“acontinuationofwhat’sbeen ceformonthsnow”.TheEuropeanUnionwillapplynewsanctions1?nextweek,butdescribesthem“reversible1?“reversible1?”,perhapstoshowthatitisreluctanttoisolateRussia.ThisweekRussia’sGazpromcut toPolandinanefforttostopresupplyback.theactofputtingsthinsidesthelseathingthatisputinsidesthelsee.g.Anexaminationiscarriedoutbeforetheinsertionofthetube.theactofanarmyenteringanothercountrybyinordertotakecontrolofit；e.g.thethreatofinvasion①anofficialorderthatlimitstrade,contact,etc.withaparticularcountry,inordertomakeitdosth,suchasobeyinginternationallawe.g.Tradesanctionswereimposedagainstanycountrythatrefusedtosigntheagreement.凡拒簽該協(xié)議的國(guó)家②officialpermissionorapprovalforanactionorachange(正式),批【SYNe.g.Thesechangeswillrequirethesanctionofthecourt.這些變更須經(jīng)認(rèn)可③~(againststh) acourseofactionthatcanbeused,ifnecessary,tomakepeopleobeyalaworbehaveinaparticularway；約束；處罰【SYNe.g.Theultimatesanctionwillbetheclosureoftherestaurant.(ofaprocess,anactionoradisease步驟、行動(dòng)或疾病)thatcanbechangedsothatsthreturnstoitsoriginalstateorsituation可逆的；可恢復(fù)原狀的；可醫(yī)治的e.g.Isthetrendtowardsprivatizationreversible?趨勢(shì)可能逆轉(zhuǎn)嗎e.g.reversiblekidneyfailure→reverse:tochangesthcompleysothatitistheoppositeofwhatitwasbefore顛倒；徹底轉(zhuǎn)變；使完全相e.g.toreverseaprocedureprocesstrend徹底改變程序/過(guò)程/ParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofIntheshorttermthiswillseemlikeavictory利exnationsofMainIdeasofP3:IntheshorttermthiswillseemlikeavictoryforTheThewarhasfeltdistanttomostRussians. evisionhasmanipulated1?itsnarrative1?of toviewers’feelingsofinadequacyandimperial1?nostalgia2?,whiletalkingup21Westernplots22 tions23.pollbytheLevadaCentrefoundthat77%ofthosesurveyedsaidAmericawasthemaininitiatorofoperationsintheoperationsintheeast.ThesecretburialsofRussianparatroopers2?killed ,onlytobedisavowed2?theRussianstate,have fortable.Butcomparedwiththeshort-livedseasonthreeago,Russiansocietyseemsdocile2?andunthreatening.AnotherLevadapollfoundonly8%willingto iftheystarted,against21%in①tocontrolorinfluencesb/sth,ofteninadishonestwaysothattheydonotrealizeit(暗中)控制,,影響e.g.Asapolitician,heknowshowtomanipulatepublicopinion.身為一位政客,他知道如何左右公眾。②tocontrolorusesthinaskilfulway(熟練地)操作,putersareveryefficientatmanipulatinginformation.adescriptionofevents,especiallyinanovel(尤指小說(shuō)中的)描述,【SYNe.g.agripnarrativeoftheirjourneyuptheAmazon他們沿亞馬孫河而上的扣人心弦的描connectedwithanempire的；e.g.theimperialfamily/palace/army皇室；皇宮afeelingofsadnessmixedwithpleasureandaffectionwhenyouthinkofhappytimesinthepaste.g.asense/wave/pangofnostalgia懷舊感；一陣懷舊之talk①Ifsomeonetalksupaparticularthing,theymakeitsoundmoreinteresting,valuable,orlikelythanitoriginally②Totalksomeoneorsomethingupinnegotiationsmeanstopersuadesomeonetopaymoremoneythantheyoriginallyofferedorwantedto.說(shuō)服…提高出價(jià);抬高…的價(jià)格e.g.ClarkekepttalkingthepriceupwhileWilkinsonkeptknockingitdown.克拉克不斷把價(jià)格向上抬，而威爾金森①~(todo asecretnmadebyagroupofpeopletodosthwrongorillegal；密【SYN②theseriesofeventswhichformthestoryofanovel,y,film/movie,etc.故事情節(jié)；布局e.g.aconventionalplotaboutloveandmarriage③asmallpieceoflandthatisusedorintendedforaspecialpurpose(的)小塊土e.g.avegetableplotasecretandcomplicatedn；詭【SYNplotintrigueamemberoftheparatroops→parasimilartobutnotofficialornotfullyqualifiede.g.paramilitarytostatepubliclythatyouhavenoknowledgeofsthorthatyouarenotresponsibleforsth/sb不承認(rèn)；否認(rèn)；拒e.g.Theydisavowedclaimsofasplitintheparty.他們否認(rèn)了出現(xiàn)的說(shuō)法quietandeasytocontrole.g.adocilechildhorseParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofThewarhasfeltdistanttomostexnationsofexnationsofS1fromanotherMainIdeasofP4:ThewarhasfeltdistanttomostYetMrPutin’sadventurism2?andrevanchism2?willcreatenewdangersforhisregime.Afallingrouble2?andKremlinKremlin-imposedbanonfoodimportsfromAmericaandEuropemeansthatinflationcouldhit3?8%nextThatmayspuraThatmayspuralevelofsocialdiscontentwhichthewaritselfhasnot.Existingsanctions,andtheprospect31moretocome,aredraggingdown32Russia’salreadyfaltering33economy.MorganStanleyforecastsain2015.Rosneft,Russia’sbiggestoilproducer,hasaskedernmentfor$40billiontorefinanceitsGlobaloilpriceshavedipped3?below$100abarrel,whereastheRussianbudgetiscalibrated3?tobalanceatpricebetween$110and$117abarrel.Plugging3?thoseholeswillbecostly:MrPutinmustmakeawkwardoverwhatintereststooffend.HislikelyresponsetoeconomichardshipwillbetoblameRussia’senemiesforstartinganewcoldawillingnesstotakerisksinbusinessorpoliticsinordertogainsthforyourself(企業(yè)、政治等方面)主aofattackingsbwhohasattackedyou,especiallybyacountryinordertogetbackland(尤指國(guó)家為收復(fù)失theunitofmoneyinRussia盧布(俄羅斯貨幣單位)toreachaparticularlevel達(dá)到(某水平)e.g.Temperatureshit40°yesterday.昨天氣溫高達(dá)40度。e.g.Theeurohitarecordlowintradingtoday.①~(ofsth/ofng anideaofwhatmightorwillhappeninthefuture前景；展望；設(shè)e.g.anexcitingprospect②~(ofsth/ofngsth)|~ thepossibilitythatsthwillhappen可能性；希e.g.Thereisnoimmediateprospectofpeace.dragTodragsomeonedownmeanstoreducethemtoaninferiorsocialstatusortolowerstandardsofbehaviour.降；e.g.Shedraggedhimdownwithher.她把他拉下了水。 eweakerorlesseffective衰弱；【SYNe.g.Theeconomyshowsnosignsoffaltering.經(jīng)濟(jì)沒(méi)有的跡象經(jīng)常在文中出現(xiàn)，togodownwardsortoalowerlevel;tomakesthdothis(使)下降,【SYNe.g.Salesforthisquarterhavedippedfrom38.7millionto33million.38703300tomarkunitsofmeasurementonaninstrumentsuchasathermometersothatitcanbeusedformeasuringsthaccuray標(biāo)定,校準(zhǔn)(刻度,以使測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確)①tofillaholewithasubstanceorpieceofmaterialthatfitstightlyintoite.g.Hepluggedtheholeinthepipewithanoldrag.②toprovidesththathasbeenmissingfromaparticularsituationandisneededinordertoimproveit補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充；e.g.Acheaperrangeofproductswasintroducedtoplugthegapatthelowerendofthemarket.推出相對(duì)廉價(jià)的一③BOOK/MOVIE書(shū)籍；togivepraiseorattentiontoanewbook,film/movie,etc.inordertoencouragepeopletobuyitorseeit推廣；宣傳【SYNe.g.Shecameontheshowtoplugherlatestalbum.她出現(xiàn)在電視上,推廣新唱片專輯ParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofMrPutin’sadventurismandrevanchismcreatenewdangersforhis轉(zhuǎn)折P4，給俄帶來(lái)exnationsofPluggingthoseholeswillbeMainIdeasofP5:MrPutin’sadventurismandrevanchismwillcreatenewdangersforhisInKievMrPoroshenkofaceshisowndifficulties—whichmaymaterialise3?wellbeforeMrPutin’s.Hesayshewillintroducealawnextweektocreatea“specialstatus”forDonetskandLuhansk.Manyquestionsremain,notnotleast3?, willmanagetoregaincontroloveritseasternborderwithRussia,adecisive3?factorinassessingifthepro-Russianinsurgencycaneverbepacified.Allsidesdisagreeoverhowmuchterritoryshouldfall??underMrPoroshenko’sself-ruleprovision.Kievseesonlyareasunderrebelcontrol—aroundathirdofthetworegions—withthisstatus,buttherebels’leaderslayclaimto?1thewholeofDonetskandLuhansk.Suchissueswillwillweigh?2 ’sparliamentaryelectionnextmonth.YuriyYakymenkooftheRazumkovCentre,abasedbased ,saysthat,thoughmostvoterssupportpeaceinprinciple,thefateofMrPoroshenkoandpoliticalblockwillcomedownto?3thequestion,“Peaceatwhat(=materialize)totakeceorstarttoexistasexpectedornned實(shí)現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；成為現(xiàn)e.g.Thepromotionhehadbeenpromisedfailedtomaterialize.note.g.Thearycausedalotofbadfeeling,notleastamongtheworkerswhoselivesitdescribed.那部veryimportantforthefinalresultofaparticularsituatione.g.adecisivefactorvictorybattle決定性的因素/勝利/tobelongtoaparticularclass,grouporareaofresponsibility屬于(某e.g.Thisfallsundertheheadingofscientificresearch.layclaimtotostatethatyouhavearighttoownsth聲稱對(duì)…的擁；提出對(duì)…的→claim:SAYINGSTHISTRUE表示真實(shí)~(that...) astatementthatsthistruealthoughithasnotbeenprovedandotherpeoplemaynotagreewithorbelieveit；宣稱；斷言:e.g.Thesingerhasdeniedthemagazine'sclaimthatsheisleavingtheband.這名歌手已否認(rèn)那家有關(guān)她要有“重...,稱重”之義，這里為~(withsb)(againstsb/sth) tohaveaninfluenceonsb'sopinionortheresultofe.g.Hispastrecordweighsheavilyagainsthim.他過(guò)去的記錄對(duì)他很不利。edowntoIfaproblemdecisionorquestioncomesdowntoaparticularthingthatthingisthemostimportantfactorinvolved.e.g.Ithinkthatitcomesdowntothefactthatpeopledofeelverydependentontheirauto.我認(rèn)為歸根結(jié)底ParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofInKievMrPoroshenkofaceshisownexnationsof羅申科哪些難MainIdeasofP6:InKievMrPoroshenkofaceshisownMore More pulledback70%ofthetroopsithad .Yetfightinghasflared??upandthendieddowninaroundDonetskairportandinseveral ces.Atthesametimeprisonersarebeingexchanged.Aupsurge??couldeasilyreignite??the.hingeonuponsthofanactionaresultetc.行動(dòng)、結(jié)果等)todependonsthcompley有賴于；取決于e.g.Everythinghingeson eofthesetalks.e.g.Hissuccesshingesonhowwellhedoesattheinterview.~(up)(especiallyofangerand尤指和)tosuddenlystart emuchstronger突發(fā)；加【SYNe.g.flaredwhenthemovedin. e.g.Tempersflaredtowardstheendofthemeeting.會(huì)議快結(jié)束時(shí)群情激憤。asuddenlargeincreaseinsth急劇上升；飆升；猛增e.g.anupsurgeinviolentcrime的猛增tostartburningagaintomakesthstartburningagain(使)e.g.TheirpassionwasreignitedbyaromantictriptoVenice.去的浪漫之旅重新燃起了他們的ParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofMuchhingesonwhethertheceasefirewillexnationsofMainIdeasofP7:MuchhingesonwhethertheceasefirewillkeepOntheUkrainiansideofthelinesmostsoldiersappearrelaxed,butfewbelievetheceasefireisanythingbutrespite.respite.VisitingMariupolonSeptember8th,MrPoroshenkosaidthewarwasoverandhadtothepeace.Thatmaybewishfulthinking.Rebelleadersstillaimtoseparate.SergeiBaryshnikov,memberoftherebel“parliament”,saysalongmilitaryandpoliticalfightliesahead.TherebelstateofNovorossiya,hesays,shouldeventuallycomprisealloftheBlackSeacoasttothebordersofRomaniaandMoldova.Andthenitwill epartofRussia,headds.anythingdefiniynot決不；根本e.g.Thehowasanythingbutcheap.這家旅館根本不便宜ashortbreakorescapefromsthdifficultorunpleasant暫停；暫緩e.g.Shetoworkwithoutrespite.她連續(xù)工作,沒(méi)有休息。thegroupofpeoplewhoareelectedtomakeandchangethelawsofacountry議會(huì)；國(guó)會(huì):e.g.TheGermanparliamentiscalledthe'Bundestag'.德國(guó)的議會(huì)稱為Bundestag。ParagraphStructureoftheRelationsofTheUkrainiansidebelievethewarwasRebelleadersstillaimtoseparate MainIdeasofP8:EventhoughtheUkrainiansidebelievethewarwasover,rebelleadersstillaim RussiaRussia :UnblinkingTheWestshouldimposefreshsanctionstodetermoreRussianmeddlingineasternAlmostthreemonthshavepassedsinceRussiaannexedCrimeaandbeganstirringuprebellionineastern.FormostofthatperiodthehopeofWesternleadershasbeenthattensionstherewillgraduallydissipateandthatthecrisiswilljustgoaway.Thathopenowlooksdeluded.TheargumentwasthatVladimirPutin,Russia's,hadgotmostofwhathewantedinCrimeaand,notleastabigboostinpopularityathome.Partlythankstotworoundsofsanctionsagainstindividualsclosetohim,hehadblinked:hencehisdecisiontopulltroopsbackfromtheborderandmoreorlesstoaccep