2020年人教版初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法(八升九)暑假專題突破與鞏固學案(十一)：句子類型篇Ⅰ(簡單句和并列句)

#人教版初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法暑假專題突破與鞏固 學案（十一）基礎(chǔ)語法專題：句子的類型篇I（簡單句和并列句）第一部分：定義 概念清晰化簡單句是只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。根據(jù)句子的功能可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句用來陳述一件事或表達一種看法，有肯定和否定兩種形式，句末通常用句號。疑問句是用以提問的句子，句末用問號。疑問句又分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。祈使句是用以表示命令、請求或建議的句子，通常省略主語。感嘆句是用以表達快樂、痛苦等強烈感情的句子，感嘆句有用what或how開頭的兩種形式。并列句是指由兩個或兩個以上的并列分句構(gòu)成的句子。并列句的分句間沒有修飾和被修飾的關(guān)系，也沒有限定或被限定的關(guān)系，其間的關(guān)聯(lián)是靠并列連詞實現(xiàn)的。簡單句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在對陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句和祈使句上；并列句的考查主要是在并列句的構(gòu)成、并列連詞和從屬連詞上。第二部分：知識歸類 知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化?簡單句的結(jié)構(gòu)分類圖解構(gòu)成類型例句由一個主語（含并列主語）1.S+Vi（主+謂）Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.和一個謂語（或并列謂語）2.S+V+P（主+系+表）Yourideasoundsgood.構(gòu)成3.S+Vt+O（主+謂+賓）Wewanttoseehim.4.S+Vt+O+O （主+謂+間賓+直賓）Myfathermademeakite.5.S+Vt+O+C（主+謂+賓+賓補）Hemadeusstandhere.?簡單句的用途:（陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句）分類圖解分類用途例句陳述句肯定肯定的陳述，表示 是如此”Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.Igetupatsixo 'clockinthemorning.否定否定的陳述，表示不是如此"Theywon'tgototheparktomorrow.Ican'tspeakChinese.疑問句一般疑問句詢問一件事或情況是否屬實Isthisyourschoolbag?HaveyoubeentoShanghai?特殊疑問句針對句子某一具體成分提問Whatdoesyourfatherdo?WhereisMikefrom?選擇疑問句提供兩種或兩種以上的情況供對方選擇一Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?Heisaboy.反意疑問句由陳述句+簡短問句組成，對陳述句部分的內(nèi)容做進一步證實Thereisabookonthedesk,isn 'tthere?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn 't.祈使句表示命令、請求、建議、勸告等Comein,please. Let'sgotoschool.Don'tplaywithfire.It 'sdangerous.感嘆句表示驚訝、喜悅、憤怒等感情，常用what或how引導Whatbeautifulflowers! Howcleverthegirlis!HowfastTomisrunningintheracecompetition!特例清單1.否定的一般疑問句通常以 be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞與not的縮略形式開頭，往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣。作簡略回答時也要用yes或no,但其漢語翻譯與其原意正好相反。如：一Don'tyouhearofthat?爾沒有聽說過嗎？Yes,Ido.不，我聽說過。No,Idon't.是的，我沒有聽說過。2.特殊的反意疑問句(1)當陳述部分含有否定意義的詞如 hardly,few,little,no,nobody,noone,nothing等時，附加疑問部分須用肯定形式。但若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴如 im-,un-,in-,dis-等的派生詞，仍作為肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問部分用否定式。(2)Iam…反意疑問句的附加疑問部分應(yīng)為 aren'tI。(3)如果陳述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑問部分須用 willyou。(4)當陳述部分是let'sdosth.時，疑問部分須用shallwe來反問；而當陳述部分是letsb.dosth時，疑問部分仍然用willyou來反問(5)當陳述部分主語是不定代詞 nobody,somebody,noone等時，疑問部分須用復數(shù)代詞 they,也可以用he；當陳述部分主語是不定代詞 nothing,something時，疑問部分須用代詞it。(6)若陳述部分為therebe句型，附加疑問部分仍用 there。(7)陳述部分含有must,表示“必須”時，附加疑問部分用 mustn't。若陳述部分含must,表示推測意義“必定”時，則附加疑問部分應(yīng)根據(jù)陳述部分不定式結(jié)構(gòu)用相應(yīng)的系動詞或助動詞。(8)主從復合句的反意疑問句附加疑問部分的助動詞與人稱應(yīng)與主句的謂語動詞和人稱保持一致。若賓語從句的主句為"Ithink/suppose/believe"等表示說話人的看法，反意疑問句的疑問部分應(yīng)與賓語從句一致。(9)陳述部分含情態(tài)動詞 oughtto時，附加疑問部分有兩種形式： oughtn't+主語人稱代詞或shouldn't+主語人稱代詞。3.不能出現(xiàn)在一個句子里的連詞(1)because因為),so所以)不能出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一。(2)(al)though(雖然),but(但是)不能出現(xiàn)在一個句子里，只能用其一。但though可以與still或yet連用。如：Thoughhewastired,hestillworkedhard雖然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。【題組訓練】陳述句與疑問句()1.Shedoesn'tlikepopmusic,?A.doesshe B.isshe C.doesn'tshe D.isn'tshe( )2.——Didyouusetohavelonghairorshorthair;Sally?A.Yesldid B.No,Ididn'tC.Longhair D.Curlyhair( )3.一peoplearethereinyourfamily?Three.A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howmany D.Howmuch( )4.一areyoualwaysstayingupsolatethesedays?Toprepareformyfinalexam.A.How B.Why C.When D.Where( )5.—ExcusemeSir.isitfromheretothenearestshoppingmall?Well,onlyaboutfiveminutes'walk.A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howfar D.Howsoon祈使句( )6.SorryI'mlate.一tellmethebusbrokedownagain!A.Neverto B.Not C.Don't D.No( )7.wakeupyoursister,Ben.Sheneedsagoodsleep.A.Don't B.Doesn'tC.Aren't D.Can't( )8.TmleavingforXisaiMountainthisafternoon.一youhavepackedeverything.A.Tobesure B.BeensureC.Beingsure D.Besure( )9.Whataretherulesatyourschool?一Don'truninthehallwaysandarrivelateforclass.A.notto B.won'tC.don't D.no( )10.playwithfire.withfireisdangerous.A.Don't;Playing B.Not;PlayingC.Don't;Play D.Notto;Toplay感嘆句( )11.beautifulblousesheiswearing!一Butitdoesn'tlookgoodagainstherskin.A.What B.WhataC.How D.Howa( )12.—sweetmusic!AndIreallyliketheVoiceofChinaTVprograms.A.WhatB.WhataC.How D.Howa( )13.DoyouknowthebookOneHundredYearsofSolitude(《百年孤獨》)hasbeenprintedagain?一Itisexpectedtobe.unusualnovelitis!A.What B.WhataC.How D.Whatan( )14.braveZhangHuais!Yes.Hehelpedhisneighbour,MrsSun,outofthefire.A.Whata B.HowC.Howa D.What( )15.—interestingthefilmis!Yes.Ihaveseenittwice.A.What B.HowC.Whatan D.Howan?并列句分類圖解構(gòu)成意義常用連詞簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句表小引申和并列and,notonly-butalso…，aswellas,neither表示選擇or,either…or…r表示轉(zhuǎn)折but,while,only表小緣由for,so特例清單andor用于否定句中:or構(gòu)成完全否定。如:(1)當列舉成分是主語，又在否定詞前時，用andor構(gòu)成完全否定。如:Ican'tsingordance我既不會唱歌,也不會跳舞。LucyandLilycan'tspeakChinese#西和莉莉不會說漢語。(2)在否定句中，如果所連接的兩部分都有否定詞，那么用 and不用or連接。如：Thereisnowaterandnoaironthemoon月球上既沒有水，也沒有空氣?！绢}組訓練】()16.Goodfriendsarelikestars.Youdon 'talwaysseethemouknowtheyarethere.A.as B.butC.forD.then()17.Confuciusoncesaid, “Everythinghasbeautynoteveryoneseesit.”A.butB.or C.and D.so()18.Spendmoretimetalkingwithyourparents,theymaynotwellunderstandyou.A.or B.so C.and D.but()19.Readthisarticle,youwillunderstandthatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.A.or B.and C.but D.so( )20.Thethingthatmattersisnotwhetheryoufailornot,whetheryoutryornot.A.and B.orC.soD.but第三部分：綜合集訓 效果數(shù)據(jù)化( )1.youwaitafewmoreminutes?It 'llbeyourturnsoon.A.MustB.Should C.Could D.Might( )2.—Tshirtdoyoulikebetter,theredoneortheblueone?—Iprefertheredone.A.Howmuch B.Howmany C.Whose D.Which( )3.一doyoucleanyourroom?-Everyday.A.Howlong B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howsoon( )4.-Lily,doyoustudyforamathtest?-Byaskingmyteacherforhelp.A.how B.who C.why D.what()5.You'vejustfinishedyourlisteningexam.Pleasegetyourselfreadyforthenextpart,A.shallwe B.willyou C.doyou D.areyou( )6.—YoulikelisteningtoSally 'ssongs,don'tyou?—.Shehasasweetvoice.A.Yes,Ido B.Yes,shedoesC.No,Idon't D.No,shedoesn't( )7.-Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.A.No,Iwon't B.IknowthatC.Itdoesn'tmatterD.OK.Iwill()8.Yogahelpspeopletokeephealthyandrelaxed,?A.doesit B.isit C.doesn'titD.isn'tit( )9.exercising,andyou 'llbehealthier.A.Keep B.Tokeep C.Keeping D.Kept( )10.smokehere,Dad.Smokinghasbeenbanned(禁止)inpublicplaces.A.Don'tbeB.Don'tC.NottobeD.Benot( )11.mebackmymoney,I'llringthepolice.A.Giving;or B.Give;andC.Togive;and D.Give;or( )12.—Listen!Someoneisplayingthepiano.—Wow!beautifulmusic!Ilikeitverymuch.A.What B.Howa C.Whata D.How( )13.nicedayitis!Let 'sgoandflyakite.A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa( )14. interestingitistogosailing inQingdaoinsummer!A.What B.Whatan C.How D.Howan( )15. — today!— Yes.Shall we haveapicnicintheopenair?A.Whatfineweatheris B.HowfineweatheritisC.Whatafineweatheritis D.Howfinetheweatheris( )16.Ilikenoisymusic, neithermyparentsnormysisterlikesit.A.andB.orC.butD.so( )17.—Mymomworksasateacherandshelikesherstudentsverymuch.— -greatjobitis!Youknow,beingateacherismydream.A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata( )18.— doyouspendonyourhomeworkeveryday?—Threehours.A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howmany D.Howmuch()19.Therewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool, ?A.bethere B.isthere C.willthere D.won’tthere( )20. sleeptoolat