2023年考研外語(yǔ)命題預(yù)測(cè)試卷2

考研外語(yǔ)命題預(yù)測(cè)試卷2

一、UseofEnglish

1、Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,ratherthanaboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories,(1)_____istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson'srecollectionsofthepasthelpto(2)_____anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:(3)_____anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide(4)_____tothefuture,theindividualmentionstheir(5)_____asaremindertolisteners,thatherewasalife(6)_____living(7)_____,thememoriesform.partofacontinuinglife(8)_____,inwhichtheoldperson(9)_____theeventsandexperiencesoftheyearsgonebyand(10)_____ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife.

Asthelifecycle(11)_____toitsclose,theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.(12)_____thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta(13)_____subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas(14)_____.Asadults,manyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare(15)_____tothinkaboutitandcertainlynottotalkaboutit(16)_____thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo(17)_____onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto(18)_____theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains(19)_____ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses(20)_____isso.

Notes:reminiscencen.回憶。fragileadj.脆弱的。impendingadj.即將發(fā)生的。

A.so

B.even

C.nor

D.hardly

2、(2)

A.preserve

B.conserve

C.resume

D.assume

3、(3)

A.performing

B.playing

C.undertaking

D.lacking

4、(4)

A.orientation

B.implication

C.succession

D.presentation

5、(5)

A.present

B.past

C.experience

D.fate

6、(6)

A.worthy

B.worth

C.worthless

D.worthwhile

7、(7)

A.Inaword

B.Inbrief

C.Inaddition

D.Inparticular

8、(8)

A.prospect

B.impetus

C.impression

D.review

9、(9)

A.integrates

B.incorporates

C.includes

D.interacts

10、(10)

A.reckons

B.counts

C.reflects

D.conceive

11、(11)

A.keeps

B.draws

C.inclines

D.tends

12、(12)

A.Therefore

B.And

C.Yet

D.Otherwise

13、(13)

A.taboo

B.dispute

C.contempt

D.neglect

14、(14)

A.notorious

B.indecent

C.obscure

D.desperate

15、(15)

A.ready

B.willing

C.liable

D.reluctant

16、(16)

A.at

B.on

C.with

D.in

17、(17)

A.status

B.circumstance

C.environment

D.priority

18、(18)

A.encounter

B.confront

C.tolerate

D.expose

19、(19)

A.under

B.above

C.beyond

D.within

20、(20)

A.which

B.what

C.as

D.that

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Insperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivateshouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However.ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex.itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thusonewouldexpectthat.ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen'searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs'sresultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,BrownselectedalargesampleofWhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970Censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown'sresearchdesigncontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy'sresults.Brown'sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnextandgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown'sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown'sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs'sargumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkingforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen'searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

Theauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingconclusions?

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,withequaleffectsonwomen'searnings.

B.Ifprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,thediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen'searnings.

C.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;governmentemployersdonotdiscriminate.

2、

AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women'searningscategoriesoccurinwhichofthefollowingorders,fromhighestearningstolowestearnings?

A.Governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment.

B.Privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment.

C.Governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment.

D.Self-employment,privateemployment,governmentemployment.

3、

Thetextmentionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterEXCEPT

A.discriminationfromsuppliersandconsumers.

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions.

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees.

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance.

4、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhatisstatedinthelastparagraphismostprobably

A.Brown'selaborationofhisresearchresults.

B.Brown'stentativeinferencesfromhisdata.

C.Brown'sconclusionsbasedoncommon-sensereasoning.

D.theauthor'sconclusion,basedonFuchs'sandBrown'sresults.

5、

ThebesttitlewhichdescribesthecontentofthetextasawholeWouldbe

A.TheRelativeEffectofDiscriminationbyGovernmentEmployers,PrivateEmployers,andConsumersonWomen'sEarnings.

B.HowDiscriminationAffectsWomen'sChoiceofTypeofEmployment.

C.TheNecessityforEliminatingEarningsDifferentialsinaFreeMarketEconomy.

D.TheRelativeEffectofPrivateEmployerDiscriminationonMen'sEarningsasComparedtoWomen'sEarnings.

6、Inthepast,Americancollegesanduniversitieswerecreatedtoserveadualpurposetoadvancelearningandtoofferachancetobecomefamiliarwithbodiesofknowledgealreadydiscoveredtothosewhowishedit.Tocreateandtoimpart,thesewerethedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanhighereducationpriortothemostrecent,disorderlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury.Thesuccessfulinstitutionofhigherlearninghadneverbeenonewhosemissioncouldbedefinedintermsofprovidingvocationalskillsorasastrategyforresolvingsocietalproblems.InasubtlewayAmericansbelievedhighereducationtobeuseful,butnotnecessarilyofimmediateuse.

AnotherpurposehasnowbeenassignedtothemissionofAmericancollegesanduniversities.Institutionsofhigherlearning—publicorprivate—commonlyfacethechallengeofdefiningtheirprogramsinsuchawayastocontributetotheserviceofthecommunity.

Thisservicerolehasvariousapplications.Mostcommonareprogramstomeetthedemandsofregionalemploymentmarkets,toprovideopportunitiesforupwardsocialandeconomicmobility,toachieveracial,ethnic,orsocialintegration,ormoregenerallytoproduce"productive"ascomparedto"educated"graduates.Regardlessofitsprecisedefinition,theideaofaservice-universityhaswonacceptancewithintheacademiccommunity.

Oneneedonlyberemindedofthechangeinlanguagedescribingthetwo-yearcollegetoappreciatethenewvaluecurrentlybeingattachedtotheconceptofaservice-relateduniversity.Thetraditionaltwo-yearcollegehassheditspejorative"junior"collegelabelandisgenerallycalleda"community"college,aclearlyvalue-ladenexpressionrepresentingthelatestcommitmentinhighereducation.Eventhedoctoraldegree,longrecognized'asarequired".unioncard"intheacademicworld,hascomeunderseverecriticismasthepursuitoflearningforitsownsakeandtheaccumulationofknowledgewithoutimmediateapplicationtoaprofessor'sclassroomduties.Theideaofacollegeoruniversitythatperformsatriplefunction—communicatingknowledgetostudents,expandingthecontentofvariousdisciplines,andinteractinginadirectrelationshipwithsociety—hasbeenthemostimportantchangeinhighereducationinrecentyears.

Thisnoveldevelopment,however,isoftenoverlooked.Educatorshavealwaysbeenfamiliarwiththosepartsofthetwo-yearcollegecurriculumthathavea"service"orvocationalorientation.Itisimportanttoknowthis.ButsomecommentariesonAmericanpostsecondaryeducationtendtounderplaytheimpactoftheattemptofcollegesanduniversitiestorelateto,ifnotresolve,theproblemsofsociety.What'sworse,theyobscureafundamentalquestionposedbytheservice-university—whatishighereducationsupposedtodo?

Theopeningparagraphiswritteninordertostate

A.thefutureusefulnessoftheknowledgeobtainedincollege.

B.themissionsofdifferenteducationalinstitutionsinAmerica.

C.thepurposeofAmericanpostsecondaryeducationinthepast.

D.thehistoryofthedevelopmentofAmericanhighereducation.

7、

Oneoftherecent,importantchangesinhighereducationrelatesto

A.curriculumupdates.

B.service-educationconcepts.

C.impartingknowledgetostudents.

D.combiningeducationwithproduction.

8、

Theserviceroleofcollegesspecificallyaimsto

A.improveservices.

B.servethecommunity.

C.provideskillsforfutureuse.

D.makegraduatesemployable.

9、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthereexistsatendencyto

A.playdowntheservice-university.

B.highlightservice-educationfunctions.

C.alterthemissionofprimaryeducation.

D.exaggeratethechangeinhighereducation.

10、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheservice-educationconceptis_____.

A.radical.

B.impartial.

C.optimistic.

D.supportive.

11、Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1016and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingbollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants'subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin"manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits",thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters—whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion.

Notes:

bollweevilinfestation棉鈴蟲(chóng)擴(kuò)散。cessation中止，停止。mason泥瓦匠。recruiter招募者。influx流入，涌入。

Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?

A.UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B.Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.

C.Thefederalcensusof1910.

D.Advertisementsoflaborrecruitersappearinginsouthernnewspapersafter1910.

12、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernones.

13、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthe"easyconclusion"mentionedinthelastsentenceisbasedontheassumptionthat_____.

A.peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons.

B.mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.

C.peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds.

D.mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers.

14、

Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto

A.supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology.

B.presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction.

C.introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation.

D.challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation.

15、

Thematerialinthetextwouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

A.TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

B.ThereasonsforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatMigration.

C.ThetransitionfromanurbanexistenceforthosewhomigratedintheGreatMigration.

D.ThetransformationoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingthebollweevilinfestation.

16、BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants.Inhisreinterpretation,migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpre-industrialNorthAmerica.Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions.

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside:migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya"naturalspillover'.AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish—theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity.Secondly,Bailynholdsthat,contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericanhistorytextbooks,therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity.Forexample,theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably.

Bailyn'sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants:onegroupcameasindenturedservants,anothercametoacquireland.Surprisingly,Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantsweredrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration.Thesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopre-industrialNorthAmerica.Atfirst,thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited;bythe1730's,however,Americanemployersdemandedskilledworkers.

Finally,Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem.HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartoftheAnglo-Americanempire.ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery,asBailyndoes,devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue,asBailynclaims,thathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland.Butwhatofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland,wherethesettlerscreatedeffectivelaws,builtadistinguisheduniversity,andpublishedbooks?BailynmightrespondthatNewEnglandwasexceptional.However,theideasandinstitutionsdevelopedbyNewEnglandPuritanshadpowerfuleffectsonNorthAmericanculture.

AlthoughBailyngoesontoapplyhisapproachtosomethousandsofindenturedservantswhomigratedjustpriortotherevolution,hefailstolinktheirexperiencewiththepoliticaldevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Evidencepresentedinhisworksuggestshowwemightmakesuchaconnection.TheseindenturedservantsweretreatedasslavesfortheperiodduringwhichtheyhadsoldtheirtimetoAmericanemployers.Itisnotsurprisingthatassoonastheyservedtheirtimetheygaveupgoodwagesinthecitiesandheadedwesttoensuretheirpersonalindependencebyacquiringland.Thus,itisinthewestthatapeculiarlyAmerican.politicalculturebegan,amongcolonistswhoweresuspiciousofauthorityandintenselyanti-aristocratic.

Notes:spillovern.外流。indenturedservant合同工。hinterlandn.內(nèi)地。Anglo-American英裔美國(guó)人的。peripheryn.邊緣。anti-aristocratic反貴族的。demographics人口統(tǒng)計(jì)(特點(diǎn))

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

A.comparingseveralcurrentinterpretationsofearlyAmericanhistory.

B.providingthetheoreticalframeworkthatisusedbymosthistoriansinunderstandingearlyAmericanhistory.

C.refutinganargumentaboutearlyAmericanhistorythathasbeenproposedbysocialhistorians.

D.discussingareinterpretationofearlyAmericanhistorythatisbasedonnewsocialresearchonmigration.

17、

ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatAmericanhistorytextbooksusedtoassertthat

A.manymigrantstocolonialNorthAmericawerenorsuccessfulfinancially.

B.NewEnglandcommunitiesweremuchalikeintermsoftheireconomicsanddemographics.

C.manymigrantstocolonialNorthAmericafailedtomaintaintieswiththeirEuropeanrelations.

D.thelevelofliteracyinNewEnglandcommunitieswasveryhigh.

18、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofEnglishmigrantstothecoloniesduringthe18thcentury?

A.Mostofthemwerefarmersratherthantradespeopleorartisans.

B.MostofthemcamebecausetheywereunabletofindworkinEngland.

C.Theyexpectedthatthecolonieswouldofferthemincreasedopportunities.

D.TheydifferedfromotherEnglishpeopleinthattheywerewillingtotravel.

19、

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sevaluationofBailyn'sfourthproposition?

A.Itistotallyimplausible.

B.Itispartiallycorrect.

C.Itishighlyadmirable.

D.Itiscontroversialthoughpersuasive.

20、

WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBailyn'swork?

A.BailynunderestimatestheeffectofPuritanthoughtonNorthAmericanculture.

B.BailynoveremphasizestheeconomicdependenceofthecoloniesonGreatBritain.

C.Bailyn'sdescriptionofcoloniesaspartofanAnglo-Americanempireismisleading.

D.BailynfailedtotesthispropositiononaspecificgroupofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmerica.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ChoosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

AtColumbiaUniversity,whereItaughteconomicsformanyyearsbeforecomingtoChina,mostofmystudentsspentagreatdealoftimeinvolunteerwork.Theytaughtpoorchildreninthelocalneighborhoods,theyvisitedtheelderlyinhospitalsandathomeandhelpedthemwiththeirshopping,theyworkedtopreservehistoricsitesandplacesofbeauty,theycleanedupwastedumps,theypreparedfoodforthehungry,theycreatedandranstudentnewspapers,theyorganizedconcertsandartisticevents,theyactedastranslatorsformigrantworkers,theyformedpoliticalpressuregroups,theyraisedmoneytocombatAIDS,malaria,andotherdiseases,andsoon.

Aspart0fthattraditionIdovolunteerworkhereinBeijing,justasIdidinNewYork,butIfindthatmystudentsatTsinghuaUniversityandatotherschoolsinBeijingaremuchlessinvolvedinvolunteeringthenIhadexpected;Inpart,ofcourse,thisreflectstheheavierworkloadinChineseschools,whichleaveslesstimeforoutsideactivities.ButIthinkthereismoretoitthanjustthis.Ithinkitalsoreflectsaverydifferentsystem,inwhichvolunteerworkforstudentshereisusuallyorganizedorsponsoredbygovernment,schools,orotherofficialgroups,ratherthanbythestudentsthemselves.(41)______.

Thisisunfortunate.IthinkitwouldbebetterbothforthemandforsocietyifChinesestudentstooktheinitiativetodecidewhatkindsofproblemsorissuestheyfelttobeofimportance,andthenplayedamoreactiveroleinorganizingthework.(42)______.

Butthereareatleasttwootherimportantreasonsfordoingvolunteerwork.Thefirstisthatyoucanlearnalotaboutyourselfandaboutyourabilitiesbyorganizing,takingonresponsibilities,decidingonobjectives,andfulfillingthem.(43)______.

Thisisanimportantlesson.Manyofmystudentshereworkveryhard,buttheirattitudetowardstheirworkisnotalwaysahealthyone.Theydotheworknotbecausetheyloveitorfeelthatitisexcitingbutratherbecauseitisexpectedofthem,andtheywillgetrewarded(oratleastnotpunished)iftheydoit.Withcharitableworkthereisnoexplicitreward.Youworkbecauseyouhavegoals,andintheendtheonlyjudgeofyourworkisyourself.(44)______.Italsoforcesyoutothinkaboutwhatyouaredoingandthebestwaytoaccomplishyourobjectives.Youarenolongersimplydoingsomethingbecauseyourteacheroryourbosstoldyoutodoit.

Thesecondimportantreasonforcharitableworkisthatitchangesyourrelationshipwithyoursociety.SometimesIfeelthatmanyofthepeopleImeetheredon'treallyappreciatethegreatnessofChinaandtheexcitementoftheprocessthroughwhichitiscurrentlyliving.TheChinesearewell-knownforbeingnationalistic,butsometimesIthinkthisnationalismhasmoretodowithdistrustofforeignersthanwithloveofcountry.Manyofmyfriendsandstudentssimplydonotk