2023年考研外語專家預測過關卷6

考研外語專家預測過關卷6

一、UseofEnglish

1、ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.(1)_____,theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoples,andonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers(2)_____tothemselvesasWelsh,Scottish,orIrish,(3)_____thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed(4)_____beingclassifiedas"English".

EveninEnglandtherearemany(5)_____inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief(6)_____isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa(7)_____goingfromBristoltoLondon,peoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents,(8)_____therearelocalvariations.

Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"(9)_____"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare(10)_____toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSoutherners,andaremore(11)_____Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem(12)_____Northernersgenerallyhavehearty(13)_____:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshire,forinstance,maylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous(14)_____atmealtimes.

InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands(15)_____agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.

InScotlandthesound(16)_____bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsound,and"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe(17)_____insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautious,thriftypeople,(18)_____inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritain(theWelsh,theIrish,theScots)arefrequently(19)_____asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare(20)_____aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.(289words)

Notes:fiery急躁的，易怒的。

A.Inconsequence

B.Inbrief

C.Ingeneral

D.Infact

2、(2)

A.confine

B.attach

C.refer

D.add

3、(3)

A.as

B.which

C.for

D.so

4、(4)

A.with

B.by

C.at

D.for

5、(5)

A.similarities

B.differences

C.certainties

D.features

6、(6)

A.factor

B.virtue

C.privilege

D.division

7、(7)

A.line

B.row

C.border

D.scale

8、(8)

A.who

B.when

C.though

D.for

9、(9)

A.wider

B.broader

C.rarer

D.scarcer

10、(10)

A.used

B.apt

C.possible

D.probable

11、(11)

A.perfect

B.notorious

C.superior

D.thorough

12、(12)

A.swiftly

B.promptly

C.immediately

D.quickly

13、(13)

A.appetites

B.tastes

C.interests

D.senses

14、(14)

A.helpings

B.offerings

C.fillings

D.findings

15、(15)

A.represent

B.designate

C.demonstrate

D.reckon

16、(16)

A.delivered

B.denoted

C.depicted

D.defined

17、(17)

A.quiet

B.obscure

C.faint

D.silent

18、(18)

A.rather

B.still

C.somehow

D.even

19、(19)

A.rendered

B.thought

C.impressed

D.described

20、(20)

A.with

B.of

C.among

D.against

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

September11th2022drewthetransatlanticalliancetogether;butthemooddidnotlast,andoverthefiveyearssinceithaspulledeverfurtherapart.ArecentpollfortheGermanMarshallFundshowsthat57%ofEuropeansregardAmericanleadershipinworldaffairsas"undesirable".TheIraqwarismainlytoblame.Butthereisanotherandmoreintractablereasonforthegrowingdivision:God.

EuropeansworrythatAmericanforeignpolicyunderGeorgeBushistooinfluencedbyreligion.The"holywarriors"whohijackedtheplanesonSeptember11threintroducedGodintointernationalaffairsinthemostdramaticofways.ItseemsthatGeorgeBushisreplyinginkind,encouragingaclashofreligionsthatcouldspellglobalcatastrophe.

DominiqueMoisi,aspecialadviserattheFrenchInstituteforInternationalRelations,arguesthat"thecombinationofreligionandnationalisminAmericaisfrightening.WefeelbetrayedbyGodandbynationalism,whichiswhywearebuildingtheEuropeanUnionasabarriertoreligiouswarfare".JosefBraml,oftheGermanInstituteforInternationalandSecurityAffairs,complainsthatinAmerica"religiousattitudeshavemoreofaninfluenceonpoliticalchoicesthaninanyotherwesterndemocracy".

ThenotionthatAmericaistooinfluencedbyreligionisnotconfinedtotheelites.ThreeinfiveFrenchpeopleandnearlyasmanyDutchthinkthatAmericansaretooreligious-andthatreligionskewswhatshouldbeseculardecisions.EuropeanswhothinkthatAmericais"tooreligious"aremoreinclinedtoanti-Americanismthantheirfellowcountrymen.38%ofBritonshaveanunfavourableviewofAmerica,butthatnumberrisesto50%amongpeoplewhoarewaryofAmericanreligiosity.

IsAmericaengagedinafaith-basedforeignpolicy?Religioncertainlyexertsagrowinginfluenceonitsactionsintheworld,butinwaysmoresubtleandcomplicatedthanEuropeansimagine.ItistruethatAmericaisundergoingareligiousrevival."Hot"religionssuchasevangelicalProtestantismandhardlineCatholicismaregrowingrapidlywhile"cool"mainlineversionsofChristianityaredeclining.ItisalsotruethattheRepublicanParty,isbeingreshapedbythisrevival.Self-identifiedevangelicalsprovidedalmost40%ofMr.Bushesvotein2022;ifyouaddinothertheologicalconservatives,suchasMormonsandtraditionalCatholics,thatnumberrisescloserto60%.AllsixtopRepublicanleadersintheSenatehaveearned100KratingsfromtheChristianCoalition.

ItisalsotruethatMr.Bushfrequentlyusesreligiousrhetoricwhentalkingofforeignaffairs.OnSeptember12thhewasatitagain,tellingagroupofconservativejournaliststhatheseesthewaronterroras"aconfrontationbetweengoodandevil",andremarking,"Itseemstomethatthere'saThirdAwakening"(inotherwords,anoutbreakofChristianevangelicalfervour,ofthesortthathassweptacrossAmericaatleasttwicebefore).AndChristianAmericaoverallistakingabiggerinterestinforeignpolicy.Newvoicesarebeingheard,suchasSamBrownback,aconservativesenatorfromKansaswhohasledthefightagainstgenocideinDarfur,andRickWarren,theauthorofabestsellercalled"ThePurpose-DrivenLife",whoissending2,000missionariestoRwanda.

Finally,itistruethatreligiousfigureshavedonesomeprettyoutrageousthings.PatRobertsoncalledfortheassassinationofHugoChvez,thepresidentofVenezuela.Lieutenant-GeneralWilliam"Jerry"Boykin,deputyunder-secretaryofdefenceforintelligence,touredthecountrytellingChristiangroupsthatradicalMuslimshateAmerica"becausewe'reaChristiannationandtheenemyisaguynamedSatan".Heoftenworeuniform.

Theincreasing

A.terroristattacks

B.Americanrelianceondeity

C.intractablereason

D.multiplefactors

2、

Thephrase"inkind"inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.

A.withsomethingtender

B.withkindness

C.outofcharityimpulse

D.withsomethingsimilar

3、

Theviewmentionedinthethirdparagraphatleastprevailamong______.

A.theEuropeanUnion

B.thereligiousestablishment

C.thespecialadviser

D.theelites

4、

Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

A.America'sforeignpolicyseemsstronglyinfluencedbyreligion.Butthatinfluenceismuchmorecomplexthanitscriticssuppose.

B.IntheworldofgoodandevilAmericanforeignpolicyisboundtobefruitless.

C.ThegrowingdisparitywhichiscreatedbyGodhasbeenexisting.Butthegulfofthetransatlanticalliancewillbebridged.

D.Religiousfigureshavemadesomeprettyoutrageousthingsthatcouldbecompromisedbymeansnon-violentmeans.

5、

Theauthorevidenceshisownnotionbyadvancing______.

A.fourfacts

B.far-fetchedpretexts

C.randomhypothesis

D.powerfulpreachers

6、Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobeconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibletooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley'sMr.Roachhasbeendrawingattentiontothefactthatthe"globallabourarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingandcallcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,butalsosoftwareprogramming,medicaldiagnostics,engineeringdesign,law,accounting,financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreatercompetition.

Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthatoutsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmericanservice-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby2022atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatarealreadybeingoff-shored,wheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemergingeconomies.

AlanBlinder,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsofoff-shoring,andthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbesusceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredtoChinaorIndiaislikelytoremainfairlymodest.Evenso,themerethreatthattheycouldbeshiftedwilldepresswages.

Moreover,saysMr.Blinder,educationoffersnoprotection.Highlyskilledaccountants,radiologistsorcomputerprogrammersnowhavetocompetewithelectronicallydeliveredcompetitionfromabroad,whereashumbletaxidrivers,janitorsandcraneoperatorsremainsafefromoff-shoring.ThismayhelptoexplainwhytherealmedianwageofAmericangraduateshasfallenby6%since9000,abiggerdeclinethaninaveragewages.

Inthe1980sandearly1990s,thepaygapbetweenlow-paid,low-skilledworkersandhigh-paid,high-skilledWorkerswidenedsignificantly.Butsincethen,accordingtoastudybyDavidAutor,LawrenceKatzandMelissaKearney,inAmerica,BritainandGermanyworkersatthebottomaswellasatthetophavedonebetterthanthoseinthemiddle-incomegroup.OfficecleaningcannotbedonebyworkersinIndia.Itistheeasilystandardisedskilledjobsinthemiddle,suchasaccounting,thatarenowbeingsqueezedhardest.AstudybyBradfordJensenandLoriKletzer,attheInstituteforInternationalEconomicsinWashingtonD.C.,confirmsthatworkersintradableservicesthatareexposedtoforeigncompetitiontendtobemoreskilledthanworkersinnon-tradableservicesandtradablemanufacturingindustries.

Tooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradableresultsfrom______.

A.theblue-collarjobmarket

B.thegeographiclocationoftheunderdevelopedworld

C.thefiercecompetitionamongskilledworkers

D.thediveoftelecomsfee

7、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthetypicalreplyconcerningoff-shoring?

A.Service-sectorhassustainedagreatloss.

B.White-collarworkerswillnothaveanarrowescape.

C.Mosteconomistsunderestimatedtheeffectsofoff-shoring.

D.Outsourcingabroadhasnosignificantimpact.

8、

Accordingtothetext,ForresterResearchPredictionmightbedifferentif______.

A.outsourcingabroadislargeenoughtomattermuch

B.theproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillrise

C.morecomprehensivefactorsaretakenintoaccount

D.educationimprovementinemergingeconomiesplaysarole

9、

Thenarrativeofthetextinthelastthreeparagraphsconcentrateson______.

A.thestandardretorttothearguments

B.off-shoringandtheresultingincome

C.thefutureoff-shoring

D.thecounter-measuresathand

10、

Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Businessconsulting.

B.Blue-collarjobs.

C.Non-tradableservices.

D.White-collarblues.

11、FewbeyondCalifornia'stechnologycrowdrecognisethenameLarrySonsini;nonewithinitscirclecouldfailto.Forfourdecadeshehasbeenlawyer,adviserandfriendtomanyprominentcompaniesandinvestors.SomeconsiderhimthemostpowerfulpersoninSiliconValley.Companiesbegforhislawfirmtorepresentthem.The65-year-oldchairmanofWilsonSonsiniGoodrichRosati(WSGR)hassuddenlybeenthrustintothespotlight,first,forcounsellingmanyofthetechnologyfirmsnowunderscrutinyforbackdatingstockoptions(andinsomecases,servingontheirboards);andmorerecently,asoutsidecounseltoHewlett-Packard(HP),forinitiallydefendingtheboard'sdubiousinvestigativepractices.

WSGRboasts600lawyersandrepresentsaroundhalfofSiliconValley'spubliccompanies,includingApple,SunMicrosystemsandGoogle.Lastyearitrankedfirstinprivate-equityandventure-capitaldeals,withnearlytwiceasmanyasitsclosestrival.OverthepastfiveyearsWSGRhasworkedonover1,000mergersandacquisitions,collectivelyworthover$260billion.

TherecenttroublescastashadowoverWSGR'sreputation.AlthoughMr.Sonsiniisnotaccusedofwrongdoinghimself,manyofhisfirm'sclientsareontheropes.FormerexecutivesatBrocadeCommunicationssufferedcriminalchargesinJuly.Mr.SonsiniservedonBrocade'sboarduntillastyearandhisfirmwasitsoutsidecounsel.HealsowasontheboardsofPixar,Echelon,LatticeSemiconductor,LSILogicandNovell-allfirmsatwhichtheissuingofstockoptionsisbeingcalledintoquestion.

WSGRdismissestheideathatMr.SonsinifacedaconflictofinterestbyactingasbothdirectorandlegaladvisertosomanyfirmsandsayshedidnotadviseHPinitsinvestigationofboardmembers.Mr.Sonsiniinitiallysaiditwas"welldoneandwithinlegallimits".Itnowseemsitwasneither.

Atthebeginningofthetext,theauthorstresses______.

A.thepublicignoranceofLarrySonsini

B.thepopularityofLarrySonsini

C.thefailureofCalifornia'stechnology

D.thepublicrecognitionofCalifornia'stechnology

12、

Thestatisticsinthetextindicate______.

A.thefameofWSGR

B.thenotorietyofLarrySonsini

C.theboomofWSGR

D.theobligationofHewlett-Packard

13、

Thephrase"ontheropes"inthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraphdenotes______.

A.undercontrol

B.inthedanger

C.onthehorizon

D.onthevergeof.collapse

14、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardMr.Sonsini'sremarksis______.

A.sceptical

B.indifferent

C.biased

D.sympathetic

15、

Thetextismostprobablyadigestconcerning______.

A.federalimage

B.corporategovernance

C.economicinflation

D.personneladministration

16、ItisnotjustIndiansoftwareand"business-processoutsourcing"firmsthatarebenefitingfromtheriseoftheinternet.Indianmodernartisalsoonanupwardspiral,drivenbytheaspirationsofnewlyrichIndians,especiallythoselivingabroad,whousetheinternettospotpaintingsandtrackpricesathundredsofgalleryandauctionwebsites.Priceshaverisenaround20-foldsince2000,particularlyforprizednamessuchasTyebMehtaandF.N.Souza.

Therewouldhavebeen"nochance"ofthathappeningsofastwithouttheinternet,saysArunVadehra,whorunsagalleryinDelhiandisanadvisertoChristie's,aninternationalauctionhouse.HeexpectsworldwidesalesofIndianart,worth$200millionlastyear,todoublein2022.Itisstillatinyfractionofthe$30billionglobalartmarket,butissizeableforanemergingmarket.

Fornewlyrichoftenveryrich-non-residentIndians,expensiveartisabadgeofsuccessinaforeignland."Whoyouare,andwhatyouhave,areonyourwalls",saysLaveshJagasia,anartdealerinMumbai.Indianartmayalsobeatotherformsofinvestment.ApaintingbyMr.Mehtathatfetched$1.58millionlastSeptemberwouldhavegoneforlittlemorethan$100,000justfouryearsago.Anda$22millionart-investmentfundlaunchedinJulybyOsian's,abigIndianauctionhouse,hasgrownby4.1%initsfirsttwomonths.

ScantattentionwaspaidtomodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.ThenwealthyIndians,particularlythoselivingabroad,begantotakeaninterest.DineshVazirani,whorunsSaffronart,aleadingIndianauctionsite,says60%ofhissalesgotobuyersoverseas.

Thefocusnowisonsixauctionsthismonth.TwotookplaceinIndialastweek;workbyyoungerartistssuchasSurendranNairandShibuNatesanbeatestimatesbymorethan70%.Sotheby'sandChristie'shaveauctionsinNewYorknextweek,eachwithaTyebMehtathatisexpectedtofetchmorethan$1million.Therealquestionisteefateofotherworks,includingsomebyMr.Souzawithestimatesofupto$600,000.Iftheydowell,itwilldemonstratethatthereisstrongdemandandwillpulluppricesacrosstheboard.Thislookslikeamarketwithalongwaytorun.

ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattherecentrapiddevelopmentofIndianmodernartiscloselyassociatedwith______.

A.economicboom

B.realestate

C.electronicelement

D.internationalaction

17、

Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theexpensiveartcanbeseenasanidealmeansof______.

A.triumph

B.appreciation

C.assessment

D.investment

18、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.PeopleattachedimportancetomodernIndianartlongbeforetheendof1980s.

B.RichIndians,particularlythoselivingabroad,hadastrongpassionformodernIndianartforages.

C.Pricesattheemergingmarketofmodernarthadbeenclimbingandthendeclining.

D.RichIndiansdidnotshowinterestinmodernIndianartuntiltheendofthe1990s.

19、

Accordingtothetext,thefortuneofsuchworksasMr.Souza'scanexertaninfluenceon______.

A.thecreationofmodernart

B.productionofyoungerartists

C.thestrongrejectionofmarketpolicy

D.thevalueofIndianmodernart

20、

Theauthor'snarrativeinthetextcenterson______.

A.theprofitsbroughtaboutbyaprettypicture

B.whyIndianmodernartisbooming

C.theSuccessofIndiansoftwareand"business-processoutsourcing"firms

D.howwealthyIndiansevaluateIndianmodernart

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutlaughing.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41—45).Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

A.Whathavetheyfound?

B.Isittruethatlaughingcanmakeushealthier?

C.Sowhydopeoplelaughsomuch?

D.Whatmakesyoulaugh?

E.Howdidyoucometoresearchit?

F.Sowhat'sitfor?

Whyareyouinterestedinlaughter?

It'sauniversalphenomenon,andoneofthemostcommonthingswedo.Welaughmanytimesaday,formanydifferentreasons,butrarelythinkaboutit,andseldomconsciouslycontrolit.Weknowsolittleaboutthedifferentkindsandfunctionsoflaughter,andmyinterestreallystartsthere.Whydowedoit?Whatcanlaughterteachusaboutourpositiveemotionsandsocialbehaviour?There'ssomuchwedon'tknowabouthowthebraincontributestoemotionandIthinkwecangetatunderstandingthisbystudyinglaughter.

(41)______.

Only10or20percentoflaughingisaresponsetohumour.Mostofthetimeit'samessagewesendtootherpeople—communicatingjoyfuldisposition,awillingnesstobondandsoon.Itoccupiesaspecialplaceinsocialinteractionandisafascinatingfeatureofourbiology,withmotor,emotionalandcognitivecomponents.Scientistsstudyallkindsofemotionsandbehaviour,butfewfocusonthismostbasicingredient.Laughtergivesusacluethatwehavepowerfulsystemsinourbrainwhichrespondtopleasure,happinessandjoy.It'salsoinvolvedineventssuchasreleaseoffear.

(42)______.

Myprofessionalfocushasalwaysbeenonemotionalbehaviour.Ispentmanyyearsinvestigatingtheneuralbasisoffearinrats,andcametolaughterviathatroute.WhenIwasworkingwithrats,Inoticedthatwhentheywerealone,inanexposedenvironment,theywerescaredandquiteuncomfortable.Backinacagewithothers,theyseemedmuchhappier.Itlookedasiftheyplayedwithoneanother—realrough-and-tumble—andIwonderedwhethertheywerealsolaughing.TheneurobiologistJaakPanksepphadshownthatjuvenileratsmakeshortvocalisations,pitchedtoohighforhumanstohear,duringrough-and-tumbleplay.Hethinksthesearesimilartolaughter.Thismademewonderabouttherootsoflaughter.

(43)______.

Everythinghumansdohasafunction,andlaughingisnoexception.Itsfunctionissurelycommunication.Weneedtobuildsocialstructuresinordertolivewellinoursocietyandevolutionhasselectedlaughterasausefuldeviceforpromotingsocialcommunication.Inotherwords,itmusthaveasurvivaladvantageforthespecies.

(44)______.

Thebrainscansareusuallydonewhilepeoplearerespondingtohumorousmaterial.Youseebrainwaveactivityspreadfromthesensoryprocessingareaoftheoccipitallobe,thebitatthebackofthebrainthatprocessesvisualsignals,tothebrain'sfrontallobe.Itseemsthatthefrontallobeisinvolvedinrecognisingthingsasfunny.Theleftsideofthefrontallobeanalysesthewordsandstructureofjokeswhiletherightsidedoestheintellectualanalysesrequiredto"get"jokes.Finally,activityspreadstothemotorareasofthebraincontrollingthephysicaltaskoflaughing.Wealsoknowaboutthesecomplexpathwaysinvolvedinlaughterfromneurologicalillnessandinjury.Sometimesafterbraindamage,tumours,strokeorbraindisorderssuchasParkinso