2023年高考英語備考優(yōu)生百日闖關(guān)系列專題08閱讀理解-記敘文類（含解析）

PAGE專題8 閱讀理解——記敘文類方法與技巧方法概述記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、開展和結(jié)局，通常有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件開展的經(jīng)過為主線表達的，在表達的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時間的順序表達的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過程中，我們一直在某個線索的引導下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個故事或一件事情的始末，因此會感到比擬輕松。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學生對細節(jié)的識別能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應特別注意：〔1〕假設(shè)是一般故事性文章，應讀懂故事的發(fā)生，開展，高潮和結(jié)局；〔2〕假設(shè)是“哲理故事〞，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義；〔3〕假設(shè)是“逸聞趣事〞，應體會對話的幽默性，進而才能感受幽默的精髓。命題方式考點一、細節(jié)事實理解。一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以某種順序〔時間、空間、情感變化等〕排列起來，來進一步解釋或闡釋主題，表達文章的主旨大意。細節(jié)理解題目主要考查學生對文章具體事實和細節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題學@科@網(wǎng)范疇，難度較小，但在整個閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個具體事實或細節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目。此類題通常根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容來設(shè)問，也常使用以下方式來提問1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事實題在解答這類問題時要求學生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀，因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q：HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB【解析】由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案是D項。2.間接事實題解答此類題，需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷或者要進行簡單的計算。InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewell-receivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight〞，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，〞saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.3、數(shù)據(jù)推算。IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsave_______.A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400這類題目要求學生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計算和推斷。在做此類題時：1.要抓住并正確理解與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義。2.弄清眾多信息中那些屬于有用信息，那些屬于干擾信息。3.不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息，而要抓住一些關(guān)鍵用語的意義?？键c二、主題理解或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷。一、主旨閱讀理解題考查的內(nèi)容1.短文的標題〔title,headline〕；2.短文或段落的主題〔subject〕；3.中心思想(mainidea)；4.作者的寫作目的(purpose)。二、此類題的設(shè)問方式1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis__________.考點三、推理推斷。推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。這類題旨在考查學生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。此類題的設(shè)問常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等詞，這類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________.6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...考點四、詞義、句義猜想。詞義猜想閱讀理解題考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)語境來判斷。此類題的設(shè)問方式主要有1.Theword“...〞inLine...means/canbereplacedby...2.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“...〞suggests...3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“...〞is/referredto...4.Theword“...〞isclosestinmeaningto...猜詞是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜〞，通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、比照、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。1.定義法。如:Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子給予annealing以明確的定義，即“退火〞。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆〞的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep，earnsabout650yuanayear.定語從句中l(wèi)ooksaftersheep就說明了herdsman的詞義為“牧人〞。2.同位法。如:Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語局部alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle確實切詞義，即“城堡〞。Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地說明nightshift是“夜班〞的意思。3.比照法。如:Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來〞，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準時〞的結(jié)論。4.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞,據(jù)此可以判斷定possibility意思是“可能性〞。5.因果法。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠不能再運動〞中，可以推測permanent的意思為“永遠的，永久〞。體驗高考1.【2022·全國新課標I】CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2022,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells〔干細胞〕inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.〞SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.〞Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier〞inParagraph17AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor30.Why

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Washington【答案】29-31.BD.B【技巧點撥】詞義猜想題的答題技巧。1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜想2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜想3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)進行猜想4.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或比照關(guān)系進行猜想。在本文中要根據(jù)上下文對作者工作的描寫來推測出正確的詞義。30.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只能保持42小時適宜的溫度。應選D。31.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，這位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。應選B。考點:故事類短文閱讀2.【2022·北京】BSurvivingHurricaneSandy(颶風桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,〞shesays.OnOctober29,2022,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,〞Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.〞Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(創(chuàng)痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,〞Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.〞59.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound______.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering60.Accordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB.Thepeopletrappedinhigh_risebuildingC.ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople61.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.ShegavehertoystothekidsB.ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform62.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWest,homeisbestD.Technologyispower【答案】59.B60.A61.D62.A59.B段落大意題。A項未提及；根據(jù)第三段“Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn〞可知，學校沒有搬走，而是暫時去Brooklyn上學，排除C；根據(jù)“peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly〞排除D；根據(jù)“WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.〞可知，他們的街區(qū)被颶風毀了，應選B。60.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.〞可知，那些幫助Rockaway恢復重建的人給了Natalie鼓舞，應選A。61.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.〞可知，Natalie創(chuàng)立了一個網(wǎng)站來分享和匹配求助信息和捐贈信息，應選D。62.A寫作意圖題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.〞可知，Natalie的助人行為得到了社會的認可和贊揚，說明小人物也可以有大作為，應選A?？键c：人物故事類短文閱讀。【名師點睛】故事類文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類文章常通過表達突出人物性格特征或講述個人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些是按事件開展的經(jīng)過為主線表達的，在表達的過程中有詳有略；有些是按時間的順序表達的，有順敘、倒敘等。

解題技巧：

1、高考選用的此類文章常常為幽默類或情感類故事，其目的或說明某種觀點，或抨擊某種陋習，或贊揚某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達的個人感悟，提出的個人意見，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這些往往表達文章中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點。如此題中的第62題：通過Natalie幫助他人的行為告訴讀者小人物也可以有大作為這一道理。

2、該類文章語言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學生對細節(jié)的識別能力以及推理判斷能力。這類文章同學們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺。要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習慣。切不可在個別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時間。

3、對整篇短文內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問題，帶著問題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點。例如：如果問題或選項涉及到人名、地名，就應該找首字母大寫的單詞；如果問題或選項涉及時間、日期、數(shù)字，就應該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)。3.【2022·天津】BEverymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,andyourambitionsbecomemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouhopedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayoneinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren’twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.I’vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“vo-tech〞student(技校學生).They’recalled“motorheads〞bytherestofthestudentbody.Whenasecretaryinmyofficefirstcalledhim“motorhead〞,Iwasshocked.“Hey,he’sagoodkid,〞Iwantedtosay.“Andsmart,really.〞Ilearnedlaterthatmotorheadsare,indeed,different.Theyusuallyhavedirtyhandsandweardirtyworkclothes.Andtheydon’toftenmakeschoolhonorrolls(榮耀榜).Butbeingtheparentofamotorheadisitselfanexperienceineducation.Wewholaborincleanshirtsinofficesdon’thavetheabilitiesthatmotorheadshave.IbegantolearnthiswhenIhadmycarcrashed.Thecosttorepairitwasestimatedat$800.“Hey,Icanfixit,〞saidJody.Idoubtedit,butlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose.Myson,withothermotorheads,fixedthecar.Theygotparts(零件〕fromajunkyard,non-toastingtoasterhavebeenfixed.Neighboursandco-workerstrusttheircarrepairtohim.Sincethatfirstrepairjob,abrokenair-conditioner,anon-functioningwasherandanon-toastingtoasterhavebeenfixed.Neighborsandco-workerstrusttheircarrepairstohim.Thesekidsarehappiestwhendoingrepairs.Theyjokeandlaughandarelivingintheirownrelaxedworld.Andtheirmindsarebrightdespitetheirdirtyhandsandclothes.Ihavelearnedalotfrommymotorhead:publishersneedprinters,engineersneedmechanics,andarchitectsneedbuilders.Mostimportant,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon’tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse.Mysonmaynevermaketheschoolhonorroll.Buthemademine.41.Whatusedtobetheauthor’shopeforhisson?A.Toavoidbecominghisclone.B.Toresemblehiminappearance.C.Todevelopinadifferentdirection.D.Toreachtheauthor’sunachievedgoals.42.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’schildren?A.Hisdaughterdoesbetterinschool.B.Hisdaughterhasgotamaster’sdegree.C.Hissontriedhardtofinishhomework.D.Hissoncouldn’twritehisbookreports.43.Theauthorlethissonrepairthecarbecausehebelievedthat_______.A.Hissonhadtheabilitytofixit.B.itwouldsavehimmuchtime.C.itwouldn’tcausehimanymorelossD.othermotorheadswouldcometohelp.44.Intheauthor’seyes,motorheadsare_______.A.tidyandhardworkingB.cheerfulandsmartC.lazybutbrightD.relaxedbutrude45.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeintheend?A.Itisunwisetoexpectyourchildtofollowyourpath.B.Itisimportantforonetomakethehonorroll.C.Architectsplayamoreimportantrolethanbuilders.D.Motorheadshavegreaterabilitythanofficeworkers.42.A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段的句子Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish，可知，作者的女兒學習很好。應選A。43.C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段的句子Idoubtedit,butlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose，可知，作者讓兒子修車，因為他覺得這不會給他帶來損失。應選C。44.B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的句子Thesekidsarehappiestwhendoingrepairs.Theyjokeandlaughandareinlivingintheirownrelaxedworld.Andtheirmindsarebright…，可知，在作者眼中，motorhead是令人興奮的，聰明的。應選B。45.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的句子Mostimportant,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon’tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse，可知，作者最后意識到期望孩子走自己的道路這是不明智的。應選A?！久麕燑c睛】這是一篇故事類短文，題目設(shè)置都以細節(jié)題為主，細節(jié)題一般就是文章出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容即是答案，也有推理判斷題，就是不是通過題干的某個單詞定位到文中能直接看出答案來的，要通過故事中人物的語言，動作去揣摩他們的真正意圖。做題時不能流于外表?？梢赃m當運用一些解題技巧。做推理判斷題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。比方這篇閱讀理解的第二題，問：作者的孩子是怎么樣的？根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“vo-tech〞student(技校學生).They’recalled“motorheads〞bytherestofthestudentbody.可知，作者的女兒正在學習碩士學位，所以B是錯的；而作者的兒子是一個技校生，學習不是很好，C是錯的；D項說作者的兒子不能完成報告，而文中只是說他的兒子會拖延，所以D也是錯的，正確答案是通過第三段內(nèi)容推理出來的。4.【2022·浙江】DTwothingschangedmylife:mymotherandawhiteplasticbikebasket.Ihavethoughtlongandhardaboutitandit’strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymomhadn’tturnedasillybicycleaccessoryintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday.Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon’tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask.,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatanotherkiddid,we’dhearsomethinglike,“Idon’tcarewhatso–and–sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTVinyourroomacarforyourbirthdayalsvishsweet16party.〞Wehadtoearnourallowancebydoingchoresaroundthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.LikethetwolittlegirlsgrowingupattheWhiteHouse,wemadeourownbeds(nooneleftthehouseuntilthatwasdone)andpickedupafterourselves.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.Itwassummerand,oneday,mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixedandthereitwasinthewindow,White,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers,thebasketwinkedatmeandIknewIknewIhadtohaveit.“It’sbeautiful,〞mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,〞Whataneatbasket.〞Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.ButthenIguessIcouldn’tatanditanylonger:“Mom,pleasecanIplease,pleasegetit?I‘lldoextrachoresforaslongasyousay,I’lldoanything,butIneedthatbasket,Ilovethatbasket.Please,Mom.Please?〞Iwasdesperate.“Youknow,〞shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelieveswasthecoolestthingever,〞Ifyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself.〞“BythetimeImakeenoughit’llbegone!〞“MaybeRogerherecouldholditforyou,〞shesmiledatRoger,thebikeguy.“Hecan’tholditforthatlong,Mom.Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,Please?〞“Theremightbeanotherway,〞shesaid.Andsoourpayingplanunfolded.MymotherboughtthebeautifulbasketandputitsafelyinsomehidingplaceIcouldn’tfind.EachweekIeagerlycountedmygrowingsavingincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere(washingthecar,helpingmymothermakedinner,deliveringorcollectingthingsonmybikethatalreadylookednakedwithoutthebasketinfront).Andthen,weekslater,Icounted,re-countedandjumpedforjoy.Oh,happyday!Imadeit!Ifinallyhadtheexactamountwe’dagreedupon….Dayslatertheunthinkablehappened.AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.Irodehardandfasthometotellmymotheraboutthisdisaster.Thishorribleturnofevents.Andthencamethelesson.I’vetakenwithmethroughmylife:〞Honey,Yourbasketisextra-special,〞Momsaid,gentlywipingawaymyhottears.〞Yourbasketisspecialbecauseyoupaidforityourself.〞55.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thechildrenenjoyeddoinghousework.B.Theauthorcamefromswell-offfamilyC.ThemotherraisedherchildreninanunusualwayD.ThechildrenwerefondoftheUSpresident’sdaughters.56.Whentheauthorsawthebasketinthewindow,she.A.fellinlovewithitB.staredathermotherC.recognizeditatonceD.wentuptothebikeguy57.Whydidtheauthorsaymany“please〞tohermother?A.Shelongedtodoextrawork.B.Shewaseagertohavethebasket.C.Shefelttiredafterstandingtoolong.D.Shewantedtobepolitetohermother.58.Byusing“naked〞(Paragraph12),theauthorseemstostressthatthebasketwasA.somethingshecouldaffordB.somethingimportanttoherC.somethingimpossibletoget D.somethingshecoulddowithout59.Totheauthor,itseemedtobeahorribleturnofeventsthatA.somethingspoiledherpayingplanB.thebasketcostmorethanshehadsavedC.aneighborhoodgirlhadboughtanewbike]D.someoneelsehadgotabasketofthesamekind60.Whatisthelifelessontheauthorlearnedfromhermother?A.SavemoneyforarainydayB.Goodadviceisbeyondallprice.C.EarnyourbreadwithyoursweatD.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves56.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的句子andthereitwasinthewindow,White,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers,thebasketwinkedatmeandIknewIknewIhadtohaveit.可知，當作者在櫥窗里面看見這個籃子就喜歡上了它。應選A。57.B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的句子Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.ButthenIguessIcouldn’tatanditanylonger:可知，作者說了很多“pleases〞，因為她渴望擁有這個籃子。應選B。58.B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第十二段的句子(washingthecar,helpingmymothermakedinner,deliveringorcollectingthingsonmybikethatalreadylookednakedwithoutthebasketinfront可知作者覺得沒有這個籃子，自行車看起來光禿禿的，使用“naked〞這個詞，說明這個籃子對她是重要的東西。應選B。59.D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第十三段的句子AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.可知作者認為其他人有和她相同的籃子是一個災難。應選D。60.C考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者的媽媽教育作者要通過自己的努力獲得想要的東西，也就是Earnyourbreadwithyoursweat。應選C?！久麕燑c睛】這是一篇故事類短文，題目設(shè)置都以推理判斷題為主，推理判斷題不是通過題干的某個單詞定位到文中能直接看出答案來的，要通過故事中人物的語言，動作去揣摩他們的真正意圖。做題時不能流于外表?？梢赃m當運用一些解題技巧。做推理判斷題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。比方這篇閱讀理解的55題，問：我們可以從前兩段得出什么？第二段的句子Wehadtoearnourallowancebydoingchoresaroundthehouse….wemadeourownbeds(nooneleftthehouseunitilthatwasdone)andpickedupafterourselves.Wehadtokeeptrackofndifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.告訴我們作者的母親教育孩子時使用的不尋常的方法。所以答案是C。再如59題，題目問：對作者什么是可怕的事情？文章沒有直接說明，而是通過第十三段的句子AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.可知作者認為其他人有和她相同的籃子是一個災難。所以答案是D。5.【2022·全國新課標II】BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:〞MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.〞Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseetherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,〞ButI’mjustnotcreative.〞“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou’reasleep?〞“Oh,sure.〞“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.〞Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That’sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?〞“Nobody.Idoit.〞“Really-atnight,whenyou’reasleep?〞“Sure.〞“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?〞5.TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto________?A.knowmoreaboutthestudentsB.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudents’interestinartD.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign6.WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside〞inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.8.Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.【答案】5.A6.D7.B8.A6.D推理判斷題。文章第三段第一句中提到的這個男孩在空閑時間拼裝這些玩具，而且他的作品堆滿了藝術(shù)教室的架子，家里的臥室里也有很多。第三段倒數(shù)第三句“Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork〞說明他是一個很有想象力和創(chuàng)造性的人。故D項正確。7.B詞義猜想題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后一句“Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.〞可知我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學生的危險。說明我的這種教育方法也有缺乏之處。故劃線詞意為“drawback缺點〞。故B正確。8.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后七段中的對話內(nèi)容可知作者鼓勵孩子們說出最有趣的、有創(chuàng)造性和想象力的夢，并鼓勵他們在白天的課堂里把夢的內(nèi)容做出來。作者這樣做的目的就是為了讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的創(chuàng)造性和想象力。故A正確。]【名師點睛】本文屬于詞義猜想題。我們可以根據(jù)后句“Irantheriskthinking.〞中的“risk〞說明我的教育方法也有缺乏之處，故劃線詞意為“drawback缺點，缺乏〞。此題屬于典型的理由上下文語境推測。近幾年高考閱讀中猜想詞義考查方法多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測將會越來越多。根據(jù)上下文語境作出判斷：有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需猜想其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義域解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。請看下例：

Shanghai

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Tourism

Car

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power

failure

in

the

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history．．．All

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melted．根據(jù)因果關(guān)系，停電只能導致冰淇淋和冷凍食品“融化〞，也就是melted?？键c：考查記敘文閱讀6.【2022·全國新課標II】DAnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley’spictureswouldbeoutsta